| scanning electron microscopy of damage to the cecal mucosa of turkeys infected with eimeria adenoides. | white wrolstad turkeys were each inoculated with 100,000 eimeria adenoides oocysts and killed on days 4-14 postinoculation. tissue samples, obtained from 4 areas of the ceca comparable to areas examined in chickens infected with e. tenella in previous studies, were processed by a modification of the osmium-thiocarbo-hydrazide-osmium technique and examined with a scanning electron microscope. the pathologic situation found in turkeys was slightly different from that in the ceca of chickens infect ... | 1979 | 546405 |
| [pathogenic study of turkey coccidiosis due to eimeria adenoeides (author's transl)]. | male turkeys were infected with eimeria adenoeides at approximately 15 or more days old. they received either a single inoculation or daily infections comprising a constant dose of oocytsts. the observed decrease in growth was largely due to a lower than normal intake of food. a comparison of single and multiple infections showed that the duration of the observed symptoms hardly differed in either case. changes in certain blood parameters which occured during the course of the disease were simil ... | 1978 | 749648 |
| efficacy of monensin against turkey coccidiosis in laboratory and floor-pen experiments. | monensin at 60, 80, or 100 ppm in feed reduced mortality and lesion scores while protecting against weight loss of turkeys infected with the major pathogenic species: eimeria adenoides, e. meleagrimitis, and e. gallopavonis. with single and mixed infections in battery-cage experiments, the death rate of unmedicated turkey poults was 33-75%. weight gains were significantly (p is less than or equal to 0.05) better with 100 ppm monensin than 60 ppm, as were also lesion scores. under floor-pen condi ... | 1976 | 938385 |
| fine structure studies of microgametogenesis of eimeria adenoeides (eimeriidae, sporozoa) infecting turkeys in egypt. | the ultrastructure of microgametogenesis of eimeria adenoeides was studied in the intestinal epithelium of experimentally infected turkeys' meleagris gallopavo gallopavo. microgamonts were recognizable by the presence of peripherally arranged nuclei and the presence of two centrioles between each nucleus and the limiting membrane of the gamont. a nuclear spindle apparatus and an intranuclear centrocone directed toward the centriole were observed. each young microgamont was surrounded by a very n ... | 1992 | 1431288 |
| effect of monensin on ultrastructure and cellular invasion by the turkey coccidia eimeria adenoeides and eimeria meleagrimitis. | freshly excysted sporozoites (sz) of the turkey coccidia eimeria meleagrimitis and eimeria adenoeides were incubated at 41 c in concentrations of monensin from .01 to 1.0 microgram/ml, washed free of the drug, and either processed for phase, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy or inoculated into cultures of turkey kidney cells. phase microscopy indicated that after 1.5 h incubation in 1.0 micrograms/ml monensin, about 60% of the sz of e. meleagrimitis had become notably rounded or ... | 1992 | 1614953 |
| anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril against recent field isolates of eimeria from turkey farms in the united states. | in a series of laboratory tests, diclazuril was evaluated for efficacy against eimeria adenoeides, e. meleagrimitis, e. gallopavonis, and a mixture of the three species. four isolates of each of the species were tested. when given at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm in the feed, diclazuril was highly efficacious against all three species and against mixtures of the three, as judged by protection against mortality from coccidiosis, reduction in droppings scores, and improvement of weight gains compared with ... | 1991 | 1786016 |
| effect of coccidiosis on plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in turkey poults. | plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose levels were measured in 3- to 4-wk-old turkey poults that had been infected with the coccidium eimeria adenoeides. when measured at 6 days postinoculation, the acute stage of the infection, the epinephrine and norepinephrine levels of the infected poults showed a dose-dependent increase over levels in controls, with poults that were most heavily infected having the highest levels. the catecholamines appeared to show a classic stress-elicited respon ... | 1991 | 1876559 |
| monoclonal antibody produced against partially purified sporozoite antigen inhibits invasion of cells by sporozoites of avian eimeria species. | previous studies showed that molecules of in vitro-cultured primary turkey kidney cells bound to 23-, 40-, and 60- to 65-kda antigens of sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized sporozoites of eimeria adenoeides. similar binding to antigens of three other species of avian eimeria, e. tenella, e. acervulina, and e. meleagrimitis, is now reported. strips containing the most avidly bound sporozoite antigen (approximately 40 kda) were excised from the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels on which e. ... | 1991 | 1909794 |
| development of protective immunity against eimeria tenella and e. acervulina in white leghorn chickens inoculated repeatedly with high doses of turkey coccidia. | repeated inoculation (immunization) of 2-week-old white leghorn chickens with 10(6) oocysts of the turkey coccidia eimeria adenoeides or e. meleagrimitis partially protected chickens against moderate challenge with e. tenella or e. acervulina oocysts, but not with e. necatrix oocysts. after challenge, mean weight gains of the immunized chickens and the unchallenged controls did not differ significantly, but weight gains of unimmunized chickens were significantly lower. the mean feed-conversion r ... | 1991 | 1953577 |
| avian eimeria: invasion in foreign host birds and generation of partial immunity against coccidiosis. | four species of avian eimeria invaded the intestine of foreign host birds in the same areas in which they invaded the natural host. repeated inoculation (immunization) of chickens with the turkey coccidian, eimeria adenoeides, partially protected the chickens against a subsequent challenge with 5.8 x 10(4) e. tenella oocysts. at 6 days post-challenge, the weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of the immunized chickens was significantly better than those of the chickens that were not immuniz ... | 1990 | 2322225 |
| molecular interactions of cultured turkey kidney cells with specific antigens of eimeria adenoeides sporozoites. | earlier studies suggested that specific communication between the parasite and the host cell may play a role in cellular invasion by sporozoites of species of avian eimeria. in this study, quantification of cellular invasion and modified western blot analysis were used to explore the possibility that parasite receptors for interaction with the host cell might be involved in the sporozoite-host cell communication. invasion in cultured cells treated with a homogenate of eimeria adenoeides sporozoi ... | 1989 | 2654946 |
| the ultrastructural effect of amprolium medication on development of eimeria adenoeides in turkeys. | the ultrastructural appearance of first-generation schizonts of eimeria adenoeides was markedly altered in turkey poults fed 0.0125% amprolium-medicated feed. when compared with development seen in unmedicated control birds 48-72 hr postinoculation (pi), most of the schizonts present in the medicated birds were fragmented, contained enlarged nuclei, had swollen endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus, and showed no budding of merozoites. other schizonts were almost completely degenerated and c ... | 1989 | 2751563 |
| eimeria adenoeides and e. meleagrimitis: effect of poult age on susceptibility to infection and development of immunity. | beltsville small white and nicholas turkey poults, 1, 7, and 14 days old, were inoculated with mixed cultures of eimeria adenoeides and e. meleagrimitis. weight gain and feed conversion of 1-day-old poults were affected as severely as those of the older poults, and mortality was heaviest in this group, ranging from 25 to 45%. one dose of oocysts (2 x 10(4)-1.5 x 10(5], given at 1, 7, or 14 days of age, protected even the 1-day-old poults against challenge with 3 x 10(5) oocysts. protection was c ... | 1988 | 3202774 |
| [blood coagulation indices of turkey poults experimentally infected with eimeria adenoeides]. | studied were the changes, taking place in the thrombocytes, the cephalin-kaolin time, the fibrinogen, the prothrombin time, the presence and the quantity of the soluble fibrin monomer complexes. used were 70 3-week-old turkey poults, divided into two groups--experimental and control. it was established that up to the 24th hour after the invasion no serious changes were observed. changes take place on the 48th, 72nd, 96th and 120th hour, after the invasion, characterizing the disseminated intrava ... | 1987 | 3445456 |
| [effect of anticoccidial preparations in the prevention of coccidiosis in turkeys caused by eimeria adenoides]. | studied was the anticoccidial activity of the preparations monensin, salinomycin, lassalocid, lerbek, arpocox, and chimcoccid in the prevention of coccidiosis in turkey poults infected with eimeria adenoeides. a total of 80 turkey poults were used. the prophylactic effect produced by the coccidiostatics was recorded as judged by the anticoccidial index, the liveweight at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the amount of food intake, and the index of feed conversion. best effect was p ... | 1987 | 3672911 |
| [comparative trial of the action of coccidiocidal drug agents to control coccidiosis in turkeys due to eimeria adenoeides]. | tested was the effect of the anticoccidial agents esb3, trimedin, coccistop, and coccibio used in the control of eimeria adenoeides infection in turkeys. the experiment made use of a total of 130 turkey poults of the beltsville white breed, divided into 13 groups of 10 birds each. the drugs were applied at different hours following infection that corresponded to the various phases of the endogenic development of the parasite. best results were obtained with the use of esb3 and of the bulgarian p ... | 1987 | 3672925 |
| halofuginone: laboratory titration of anticoccidial activity in young turkeys. | halofuginone was tested at 0, 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 ppm in the feed against single and mixed infections of recent field isolates of eimeria adenoeides, e. meleagrimitis, and e. gallopavonis. severe infections were produced in unmedicated, infected controls. weight gains were significantly improved by 1.5 or 3 ppm of halofuginone, and intestinal lesion scores and fecal droppings scores were greatly reduced. oocyst shedding was reduced 91 to 100% by halofuginone treatments. treatment with 6 ppm of halo ... | 1986 | 3703778 |
| anticoccidial efficacy of halofuginone in turkeys reared to market weight. | floor-pen studies were conducted in three geographic locations to study the efficacy of halofuginone (3.0 ppm in feed) against important species of coccidia in turkeys. severe coccidiosis exposure was obtained in studies in georgia and colorado and mild coccidiosis in wisconsin. coccidiosis caused by contamination of the feed with oocysts of eimeria adenoeides, e. meleagrimitis, and e. gallopavonis was almost completely controlled by halofuginone at 3 ppm, even though intestinal lesion scores an ... | 1986 | 3774735 |
| [changes in the blood indices of turkey poults experimentally infected with eimeria adenoides]. | studied were the changes in the values of sodium, potassium, chlorides, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and copper in the blood plasma as well as in that of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and the total count of blood cells in turkey poults experimentally infected with eimeria adenoeides. the birds were divided into three groups of 40 each. the first and second were infected with various numbers of sporulated oocysts, while the third group was kept as a control one. it was found that na, chlorides, ca, p, an ... | 1985 | 4035991 |
| electrophoretic separation of serum proteins and lipoproteins of young turkeys infected with eimeria meleagrimitis or eimeria adenoeides. | electrophoretic separation of serum proteins of eimeria-infected turkeys showed five major fractions with significant decreases in albumin levels and significant increases in the alpha 2- and gamma-globulins as compared with controls. the alpha 1- and beta-globulin levels were similar to those of the controls. significant differences between infected turkeys and uninfected pair-fed controls suggested that protein changes were not solely due to the anorexia associated with eimeria infections. the ... | 1985 | 4048056 |
| [changes in the acid-base equilibrium of turkey poults infected with eimeria adenoeides]. | the effect was established of an eimeria adenoeides infection in turkey-poults on the body temperature and the acid-alkaline balance. used were a total of 100 turkey-poults at the age of 3 weeks, divided into two groups of 50 each. the birds of the first group were kept as controls, and those of the second group were infected at the rate of 80 000-90 000 oocysts of the eimeria adenoeides species. during the time of the most strongly manifested clinical symptoms (on the 6th and 7th day) part of t ... | 1985 | 4082494 |
| [pathomorphology and histokinesis of the changes due to eimeria in turkey poults experimentally infected with eimeria adenoeides]. | studied were the morphologic changes in an experimental eimeria adenoeides infection in turkey-poults. the birds were killed daily from the 1st to the 10th day of infection, keeping records of the gross lesions and the microscopic changes in the internal organs. it was found that eimeria adenoeides performs two cycles of shisogony in the caeca. most severe were the changes on the 4th and 5th day of infection, which corresponded to the second shisogony and the gametogonia. at the same time there ... | 1985 | 4090267 |
| ultrastructure of dormant, activated, and intracellular sporozoites of eimeria adenoeides and e. tenella. | | 1973 | 4687488 |
| the drug-sensitivity of recently isolated strains of eimeria meleagrimitis and a laboratory strain of eimeria adenoeides in turkeys to ethopabate. | | 1973 | 4805150 |
| the drug sensitivity of recently isolated strains of eimeria meleagrimitis and a laboratory strain of eimeria adenoeides in turkeys to robenidene. | | 1972 | 5043131 |
| effect of age and freezing on development of eimeria adenoeides and e. tenella sporozoites in cell culture. | | 1970 | 5413850 |
| effect of amprolium on eimeria adenoeides in cell culture. | | 1970 | 5463052 |
| eimeria adenoeides and e. meleagrimitis: pathogenic effect in turkey poults. | | 1969 | 5777439 |
| changes in carotenoid and vitamin a levels in young turkeys infected with eimeria meleagrimitis or e. adenoeides. | changes in levels of plasma xanthophyll, plasma retinol, liver retinol, and liver retinylpalmitate in poults infected with eimeria meleagrimitis or e. adenoeides were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. infection with either species significantly reduced total plasma carotenoids; the reduction was due largely to a decrease in xanthophyll to approximately 50% of control levels on the day of maximum effect. in addition, e. meleagrimitis infection decreased plasma retinol levels fro ... | 1983 | 6651707 |
| decreased osmotic fragility of red blood cells of eimeria adenoeides-infected turkeys. | the osmotic fragility of red blood cells (rbc) from eimeria adenoeides-infected turkey poults was compared with that of rbc from control and water-deprived poults. at different hypotonic nacl concentrations, lysis of rbc from infected poults was 10 to 35% less on day 4 postinoculation (pi) and 50 to 65% less on day 7 pi than that of controls. red blood cells of poults deprived of water for 3 days were also resistant to lysis; the percent lysis was roughly the same as that of rbc from infected po ... | 1984 | 6743172 |
| eimeria tenella, eimeria necatrix, and eimeria adenoeides: peripheral blood leukocyte response of chickens and turkeys to strains adapted to the turkey embryo. | the peripheral blood leukocyte responses of chickens and turkeys inoculated with one of three strains of a chicken eimeria species adapted to the turkey embryo with their respective parent lines, or with e. adenoeides of the turkey were studied. the adapted lines tended to cause hematological changes in chickens and turkeys similar to those caused by e. adenoeides. these parasites caused the most significant increases in large mononuclear white blood cells = (monocytes) in both chickens and turk ... | 1984 | 6745387 |
| relationship between eimeria adenoeides infection and aflatoxicosis in turkey poults. | three-week-old turkey poults receiving 250 micrograms/kg of dietary aflatoxin displayed prolonged prothrombin times due to decreased fibrinogen levels and depressed activity of factor ii. decreased body weights and increased mortality were also evident. poults experiencing an eimeria adenoeides infection had slightly increased prothrombin times that were not corrected by the addition of specific clotting factors. these birds exhibited significant reductions in total plasma protein levels. the co ... | 1982 | 7134109 |
| effect of time on response to eimeria adenoeides and eimeria meleagrimitis infection in young turkeys. | physiologic characteristics were measured on day 7 postinoculation (pi) in 2-week-old turkeys inoculated with 10(5) eimeria adenoeides oocysts, in pair-fed controls, and in control turkeys fed ad libitum. pathophysiologic responses were measured in turkeys inoculated with 7 x 10(4) e. adenoeides oocysts or 1.2 x 10(5) e. meleagrimitis oocysts and necropsied 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, and 21 days pi. at day 7 pi, weight gains and heart weights (as a percentage of body weight) of e. adenoeides-infected t ... | 1981 | 7259678 |
| interactive effects of dietary copper, water copper, and eimeria spp. infection on growth, water intake, and plasma and liver copper concentrations of poults. | the effects of dietary cu, water cu, and coccidial infection on poult growth performance and selected tissue mineral concentrations were investigated in a 10-d experiment using 200 5-d-old nicholas toms (five replicates of 5 poults each; initial weight = 85 g). uninfected and coccidiosis-infected (eimeria meleagrimitis, eimeria dispersa, eimeria adenoeides, and eimeria gallopavonis; cocci) poults were assigned to two levels of dietary cu [basal (b) and b + 204 mg cu/kg diet on days 1 to 10] and ... | 1995 | 7761335 |
| eimeria tenella or eimeria adenoeides: induction of morphological changes and increased resistance to salmonella enteritidis infection in leghorn chicks. | the effect of either low doses of the chicken coccidium, eimeria tenella (et) or high doses of the turkey coccidium, eimeria adenoeides (ea) on salmonella enteritidis (se) organ invasion, as well as histological and morphometric changes in the ceca of leghorn chicks, was investigated. in these studies, chicks were inoculated orally with either saline solution (control) or one of three doses of sporulated oocysts of either et or ea at 1 d of age. five days later, 10(4) cfu of se were administered ... | 1994 | 8177817 |
| establishment of a turkey cecal cell line and development of turkey coccidia within the cells. | cells were dispersed from cecal tissues of 1- to 2-day-old turkeys using a mixture of collagenase and dispase to enrich for epithelial cells. the initial culture produced from these cells (tcc) appeared to be heterogeneous, but, as the cells were cultured through 25 passages, they assumed a more fibroblastic appearance. cellular invasion of the tcc by two species of turkey coccidia, eimeria adenoeides and eimeria meleagrimitis, was not enhanced, as compared with invasion in turkey kidney cells ( ... | 1994 | 8208739 |
| avian eimeria: effects of gamma irradiation on development of cross-species immunity in foreign and natural host birds. | repeated inoculation (immunization) of white leghorn chickens with oocysts of the turkey coccidium, eimeria adenoeides, resulted in significantly improved weight gain and feed-conversion ratios (feed efficiency) after e. tenella challenge. however, the development e. tenella in the immunized chickens did not differ markedly from that in unimmunized chickens, and intestinal lesions remained severe (greater than 3.0). apparently improved weight gain and feed efficiency can be maintained in the pre ... | 1993 | 8363500 |
| enrichment of cecal species of avian eimeria in a mixed culture by transfer of sporozoites from foreign host to natural host birds. | an effective method for the enrichment of two cecal species of the avian eimeria in mixed cultures has been developed. the method involves the transfer of sporozoites of eimeria tenella and eimeria adenoeides from their specific site of invasion in a foreign host bird to the natural host, and markedly increases the numbers of the cecal species in relation to the other species in the mixture. donor turkeys and chickens were inoculated with mixed cultures containing equal numbers of oocysts of the ... | 1995 | 8614699 |
| effect of conditioned media from several cell types on invasion by eimeria adenoeides sporozoites. | the effect of conditioned media (media aspirated from a variety of cell cultures after 4 d of growth) on cellular invasion by sporozoites of the turkey coccidium, eimeria adenoeides, was examined. conditioned medium from turkey kidney cells and baby hamster kidney cells failed to alter invasion. however, conditioned medium from turkey cecal cell cultures produced a significant (p < 0.05), two-fold increase in invasion over control medium in a variety of cell types. retentates of conditioned medi ... | 1996 | 8768437 |
| pathogenicity of a strain of trichomonas gallinarum in turkeys and its possible interaction with cecal coccidia. | the pathogenicity of trichomonas gallinarum (tg) in turkeys and chickens was assessed in a series of four experiments. tg was shown to be resistant to freezing for a period of 1 hr at -20 c; birds administered an emulsion of previously frozen tg were readily infected. young birds receiving this inoculum were more likely to be infected with tg in both ceca compared with birds administered tg emulsion that had remained at room temperature for the same length of time. in this and other experiments, ... | 1997 | 9356714 |
| effect of conditioned media from chicken and turkey intestinal cell cultures on invasion by sporozoites of three species of avian coccidia. | the effect of conditioned media from cultures of turkey and chicken intestinal cells on cellular invasion by sporozoites of avian eimeria species was examined in vitro. media conditioned by the growth of cells from the ceca, mid-intestine (area of the yolk stalk diverticulum), and duodenal loop were examined for their ability to enhance invasion. conditioned medium from cultures of turkey cecal cells significantly enhanced invasion by the turkey coccidia eimeria adenoeides, by 2.4-fold, and e. m ... | 1998 | 9627994 |
| cell: sporozoite interactions and invasion by apicomplexan parasites of the genus eimeria. | the site specificity that avian eimeria sporozoites and, to a more limited degree, other apicomplexan parasites exhibit for invasion in vivo suggests that specific interactions between the sporozoites and the target host cells may mediate the invasion process. although sporozoite motility and structural and secreted antigens appear to provide the mechanisms for propelling the sporozoite into the host cell,there is a growing body of evidence that the host cell provides characteristics by which th ... | 2001 | 11286188 |
| eimeria adenoeides sporozoites: enhanced invasion of cultured cells previously inoculated with eimeria acervulina sporozoites. | the effects of prior or concurrent administration of eimeria acervulina on invasion of cultured cells by eimeria adenoeides sporozoites and possible mechanisms of action were examined. baby hamster kidney (bhk) cell cultures that were inoculated with e. acervulina sporozoites were significantly more permissive for invasion by e. adenoeides sporozoites than uninoculated cultures. enhancement of invasion by e. adenoeides did not occur when the two species were inoculated into cultures concurrently ... | 2001 | 11484851 |
| experimental infection of turkey poults with eimeria adenoeides (moore and brown, 1951) isolated from a natural case in great britain. | | 1956 | 13348659 |
| life history and pathogenicity of eimeria adenoeides moore & brown, 1951, in the turkey poult. | | 1958 | 13566854 |
| the effect of sulphaquinoxaline and amprolium on the life cycle of eimeria adenoeides moore and brown, 1951, in turkey poults. | | 1963 | 14080006 |
| a new coccidium pathogenic for turkeys, eimeria adenoeides n. sp. (protozoa: eimeriidae). | | 1951 | 14840008 |
| blackhead disease in turkeys: direct transmission of histomonas meleagridis from bird to bird in a laboratory model. | the spread of histomonas meleagridis infections through groups of turkeys in the absence of the cecal worm vector (heterakis gallinarum) was studied in a battery cage model. battery-reared poults were exposed at 2 wk of age by commingling with infected birds into cages that had the floor lined with paper. one treatment received no exposure, whereas other birds were commingled with two, three, or four birds/cage (25%, 37.5%, or 50%) inoculated per cloaca with cultured h. meleagridis (200,000/bird ... | 2005 | 16252483 |
| histomonas meleagridis in chickens: attempted transmission in the absence of vectors. | the progress and transmission of blackhead disease in chickens was studied in battery cages and floor pens in the absence of vectors. two-week-old chicks were inoculated intracloacally with histomonas meleagridis and allowed to commingle with others in floor pens. there was no confirmed transmission of blackhead to other birds in the pen, whether stocked at 10% or 25% with infected birds. a second experiment evaluated the effects of feed restriction of chickens on spread of blackhead within floo ... | 2006 | 16863081 |
| characterization of a strain of eimeria meleagridis from the turkey. | an isolate of eimeria meleagridis tyzzer, 1927 was obtained by harvesting oocysts from the ceca of a turkey from northwest arkansas and a pure line was established by infecting birds with a single oocyst. oocysts were first produced in the ceca of infected birds from 102 to 108 hr after inoculation and were of similar size (mean length x width, 24.9 x 17.0 microm) to those of eimeria adenoeides moore and brown, 1951 and eimeria gallopavonis hawkins, 1952. the line was identified as e. meleagridi ... | 2006 | 17274300 |
| anticoccodial protection and development of immunity to turkey coccidiosis while using monensin. | monensin at 60, 80 or 100 ppm provided sufficient early protection against coccidiosis in floor-pens seeded with a mixture of eimeria adenoeides, e. gallopavonis and e. meleagrimitis oocysts to prevent mortality due to coccidiosis and permit satisfactory weight gains. unmedicated poults suffered 7% mortality and significantly (p</= 0.05) reduced weight gains compared with medicated birds. no mortality occurred after medication was withdrawn at 10 weeks of age. in poults fed monensin at concentra ... | 1978 | 18770411 |
| chemo-prophylaxis of turkey coccidiosis: activity of clopidol with methylbenzoquate and amprolium with ethopabate against a mixed infection of eimeria meleagrimitis and eimeria adenoeides. | a comparison has been made between the use of clopidol-methyl benzoquate and amprolium-ethopabate mixtures for the prophylactic control of eimeria adenoeides and eimeria meleagrimitis in turkeys. twenty four poults were randomly allocated to each of the following treatments: non contaminated non treated; contaminated non treated; contaminated treated with 100 ppm + 8.35 ppm clopidol methyl benzoquate; contaminated treated with 200 ppm + 16.70 ppm clopidol methyl benzoquate; contaminated treated ... | 1979 | 18770431 |
| acquisition of immunity to the protozoan parasite eimeria adenoeides in turkey poults and the peripheral blood leukocyte response to a primary infection. | a primary infection of 12.5 x 10(3) oocysts of eimeria adenoeides , given to 20-d-old turkey poults, resulted in depression of weight gain, and the production of large numbers of oocysts in the feces, compared with uninfected controls. poults were raised under conditions to prevent possible reinfection to determine the ability of the primary infection to confer protective immunity against a challenge infection of 5 x 10(4) oocysts given at 34 d of age. using weight gain and oocyst production aft ... | 2009 | 19834085 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based identity assay for pathogenic turkey eimeria. | diagnosis of turkey eimeria infection by conventional parasitologic methods is challenging and, until now, no molecular tools existed that clearly distinguished the four widely recognized pathogenic species: eimeria adenoeides, e. meleagrimitis, e. gallopavonis, and e. dispersa. in this study, the internal transcribed spacer region one (its-1) was amplified and sequenced from 23 conventionally characterized reference samples. phylogenic analysis segregated samples into five distinct cluster grou ... | 2010 | 21313833 |
| description of the two strains of turkey coccidia eimeria adenoeides with remarkable morphological variability. | summaryalthough oocyst morphology was always considered as a reliable parameter for coccidian species discrimination we describe strain variation of turkey coccidia, eimeria adenoeides, which remarkably exceeds the variation observed in any other eimeria species. two strains have been isolated - the first strain maintains the typical oocyst morphology attributed to this species - large and ellipsoidal - while the second strain has small and ovoid oocysts, never described before for this species. ... | 2011 | 21810297 |
| cellular immune responses, chemokine, and cytokine profiles in turkey poults following infection with the intestinal parasite eimeria adenoeides. | cellular immune responses, chemokine, and cytokine profiles were investigated in 20-d-old turkey poults following an oral infection with 12.5 × 10(3) oocysts of eimeria adenoeides, a protozoan parasite of the genus eimeria that develops in the ceca. large numbers of oocysts were produced in the feces of infected birds from d 5 after infection followed by a rapid decline by d 7. local immune activities were characterized by observing the extent of leukocyte infiltration in the ceca by histology, ... | 2011 | 21934006 |
| molecular detection of field isolates of turkey eimeria by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase i gene. | oocysts of eimeria spp. were isolated from litter samples obtained from 30 commercial turkey farms. genomic dna was extracted from clean oocysts, and polymerase chain amplification of the species-specific cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene was performed for five species of turkey eimeria. the species tested were eimeria adenoeides, eimeria meleagrimitis, eimeria meleagridis, eimeria dispersa, and eimeria gallopavonis. all dna samples were positive for e. meleagrimitis, nine were positive ... | 2015 | 26017345 |
| simultaneous identification and dna barcoding of six eimeria species infecting turkeys using pcr primers targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (mtcoi) locus. | species-specific pcr primers targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (mtcoi) locus were generated that allow for the specific identification of the most common eimeria species infecting turkeys (i.e., eimeria adenoeides, eimeria meleagrimitis, eimeria gallopavonis, eimeria meleagridis, eimeria dispersa, and eimeria innocua). pcr reaction chemistries were optimized with respect to divalent cation (mgcl2) and dntp concentrations, as well as pcr cycling conditions (particularly a ... | 2015 | 25678350 |
| sequence-based genotyping clarifies conflicting historical morphometric and biological data for 5 eimeria species infecting turkeys. | unlike with eimeria species infecting chickens, specific identification and nomenclature of eimeria species infecting turkeys is complicated, and in the absence of molecular data, imprecise. in an attempt to reconcile contradictory data reported on oocyst morphometrics and biological descriptions of various eimeria species infecting turkey, we established single oocyst derived lines of 5 important eimeria species infecting turkeys, eimeria meleagrimitis (usmn08-01 strain), eimeria adenoeides (gu ... | 2015 | 25609693 |
| re-description of a genetically typed, single oocyst line of the turkey coccidium, eimeria adenoeides moore and brown, 1951. | the guelph strain of eimeria adenoeides was obtained from a commercial turkey flock in ontario, canada, in 1985. single oocyst derived lines of e. adenoeides were propagated, and one of them used to re-describe biological and morphological features of e. adenoeides in the turkey. oocysts of this strain are within the lower size ranges in the original species description reported by moore and brown (1951); oocysts of the guelph strain averaged 18.7 ± 1.4 μm (16.7-22.5) by 14.3 ± 0.9 μm (13-16.2, ... | 2014 | 25127734 |
| complete mitochondrial genome sequences from five eimeria species (apicomplexa; coccidia; eimeriidae) infecting domestic turkeys. | clinical and subclinical coccidiosis is cosmopolitan and inflicts significant losses to the poultry industry globally. seven named eimeria species are responsible for coccidiosis in turkeys: eimeria dispersa; eimeria meleagrimitis; eimeria gallopavonis; eimeria meleagridis; eimeria adenoeides; eimeria innocua; and, eimeria subrotunda. although attempts have been made to characterize these parasites molecularly at the nuclear 18s rdna and its loci, the maternally-derived and mitotically replicati ... | 2014 | 25034633 |
| coccidia of turkey: from isolation, characterisation and comparison to molecular phylogeny and molecular diagnostics. | coccidiosis is a disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus eimeria, which has a significant economic impact on poultry production. multiple species infecting the turkey have been described; however, due to the general lack of unambiguous description, their identification and taxonomy is debatable. in this work, a systematic approach was taken to isolate, characterise and compare coccidian species in the turkey. individual species were tracked according to their unique 18s ribosomal d ... | 2014 | 25020103 |
| acquisition of immunity to the protozoan parasite eimeria adenoeides in turkey poults and cellular responses to infection. | newly hatched turkey poults were infected with 10(2) oocysts of eimeria adenoeides and subsequently reinfected with 10(3) and 10(4) oocysts at 6 and 12 d of age, respectively. three peaks in oocyst production were observed in the feces of poults following this series of infections. a second group of poults given the same dosing regimen was challenged with 5 × 10(4) oocysts/poult at different times to evaluate the acquisition of immunity. judging by weight gain and mortality, no protection had be ... | 2013 | 24235224 |
| divergent nuclear 18s rdna paralogs in a turkey coccidium, eimeria meleagrimitis, complicate molecular systematics and identification. | multiple 18s rdna sequences were obtained from two single-oocyst-derived lines of each of eimeria meleagrimitis and eimeria adenoeides. after analysing the 15 new 18s rdna sequences from two lines of e. meleagrimitis and 17 new sequences from two lines of e. adenoeides, there were clear indications that divergent, paralogous 18s rdna copies existed within the nuclear genome of e. meleagrimitis. in contrast, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) partial sequences from all lines of a ... | 2013 | 23639264 |
| outcome of an artificial coccidial infection in poults under the influence of floor heating. | coccidiosis is one of the most prevalent diseases in poultry. the objective of the current study was to determine the effects of floor heating when poults were artificially infected with eimeria regarding the outcome of the infection and secondary effects on litter quality and health of the foot pad. two trials were performed. in each trial, 4 groups of 2-wk-old turkeys were reared for a 4-wk period. all birds were fed ad libitum identical pelleted diets without any anticoccidial additive. the f ... | 2013 | 23436513 |
| foot-pad dermatitis and experimentally induced coccidiosis in young turkeys fed a diet without anticoccidia. | foot-pad dermatitis (fpd) is a widespread challenge to turkey production. this study aimed at evaluating the effects of using floor heating and exposure to litter with critical moisture content (35%) under experimental infection with eimeria. adenoeides on the severity of fpd in turkeys. two trials were done; in each trial, 4 groups of 2-wk-old female turkeys were reared over 4 wk. at the start of the experiment (d 14), each bird had normal foot pads. all birds were fed ad libitum on identical p ... | 2012 | 22334737 |