| anopheles vestitipennis, the probable vector of plasmodium vivax in the lacandon forest of chiapas, méxico. | baseline studies to evaluate the role of different anopheline mosquitoes as probable vectors of malaria in the lacandon rainforest region in chiapas (méxico) were carried out in 3 rural villages between june and november 1988. anopheles vestitipennis was the most abundant species in all the villages, followed by an. albimanus, an. punctimacula and an. darlingi. human bait collections showed that an. vestitipennis and an. albimanus tended to bite man either indoors or outdoors, while an. punctima ... | 1991 | 1887463 |
| studies of the susceptibility of anopheles albimanus and anopheles vestitipennis from dajabon, dominican republic, to insecticides. | insecticide susceptibility of anopheles albimanus and an. vestitipennis in dajabon province, dominican republic, was investigated. only 74.3% of an. albimanus exposed to 4% ddt for 1 h died. the mortality in this species following exposure for 1 h to 0.25% permethrin was also 74.3%. however, this species was susceptible to malathion, fenitrothion and propoxur. the mortality obtained following exposure of an. vestitipennis to 4% ddt and 0.1% propoxur, both for 1 h, was 71% and 100%, respectively. ... | 1990 | 2098471 |
| [hematophagous activity of anopheles vestitipennis dyar & knab, 1906 (diptera: culicidae)]. | the hematophagic activity of anopheles vestitipennis dyar and knab, 1906, was studied in a rural locality during the dry and rain seasons, through inside and outside home collects with human bait at a schedule form 19:00 to 07:00 hours. the species showed preference by inside home food (endophagic) in both seasons. there was 2 maximum activity peaks inside of the buildings, from 23:00 to 24:00 hours and from 02:00 to 03:00 hours (the first one agrees with the peak occurring outside). during the ... | 1990 | 2259773 |
| preliminary observations on the changing roles of malaria vectors in southern belize. | a survey for larval and adult anopheles mosquitoes was conducted in toledo district of southern belize during august-september 1992. we surveyed for larvae in 145 habitats and conducted paired indoor-outdoor collections of adult mosquitoes landing on humans at 6 houses. in 1940-41, kumm and ram reported anopheles darlingi females to be the most common anopheles mosquitoes inside houses and reported no specimens of anopheles vestitipennis in southern belize. in our 1992 survey we found no an. dar ... | 1993 | 8126482 |
| genetic differences among anopheles vestitipennis subpopulations collected using different methods in chiapas state, southern méxico. | biting activity and population genetic studies of the malaria vector anopheles vestitipennis were conducted in southern méxico. three subpopulations were collected from 2 villages; 2 subpopulations were from the same village, one on human bait and one with an animal-baited trap; the third was collected from a cattle corral in the 2nd village (280 km away sse). the anthropophilic subpopulation had steady activity with 61% of bites occurring before midnight, significantly different from those of t ... | 1996 | 8887216 |
| characterization and detection of anopheles vestitipennis and anopheles punctimacula (diptera: culicidae) larval habitats in belize with field survey and spot satellite imagery. | surveys of larval habitats of anopheles vestitipennis and anopheles punctimacula were conducted in belize, central america. habitat analysis and classification resulted in delineation of eight habitat types defined by dominant life forms and hydrology. percent cover of tall dense macrophytes, shrubs, open water, and ph were significantly different between sites with and without an. vestitipennis. for an. punctimacula, percent cover of tall dense macrophytes, trees, detritus, open water, and wate ... | 1998 | 9673933 |
| gonotrophic cycle and survivorship of anopheles vestitipennis (diptera: culicidae) in two different ecological areas of southern mexico. | the duration of the gonotrophic cycle and survivorship of anopheles vestitipennis dyar & knab was estimated in 2 malarious areas of chiapas, mexico: the lacandon forest and the pacific ocean coastal plain. blood-engorged females held in an outdoor cage required 2.75 d for egg maturation, and 3.75 d for the duration of the gonotrophic cycle. duration of the gonotrophic cycle also was estimated by parous-nulliparous dynamics for 20 consecutive days and autocorrelation time-series analysis, and by ... | 1998 | 9835683 |
| description and morphometric analysis of the eggs of anopheles (anopheles) vestitipennis (diptera: culcidae) from southern mexico. | light and scanning electron microscopy were used to compare the eggs of anopheles vestitipennis dyar & knab females collected from human and animal baits in 9 villages of southern mexico. an. vestitipennis eggs are boat-shaped, with lateral floats extending the length of the egg. both the deck and dorsal surface are covered with hexagonal and pentagonal chorionic cells that contain round tubercles in the cell field. crowns that enclose 3-5 lobed tubercles are present at both egg poles. by light ... | 1999 | 10071497 |
| a comparison study of house entering and exiting behavior of anopheles vestitipennis (diptera: culicidae) using experimental huts sprayed with ddt or deltamethrin in the southern district of toledo, belize, c.a. | an investigation of the house entering and exiting behavior of anopheles vestitipennis dyar and knab was undertaken in the toledo district of belize, central america, between march and december of 1998. three untreated experimental huts were either fitted with exit or entrance interception traps or used as a control for human landing collections. human landing collections showed that an. vestitipennis exhibited a high level of biting activity shortly after sunset and continued biting at high lev ... | 2000 | 10925798 |
| plasmodium vivax polymorphs and plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins in anopheles (diptera: culicidae) from belize, central america. | eight species of anopheles mosquitoes from indoor/outdoor human landing collections in belize, central america, were examined for human plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (csp) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a total of 14 of 9,104 females tested were positive from general surveys throughout belize and three of 11,966 were positive from a longitudinal study in caledonia, northern belize. elisa results, using pooled head-thorax preparations and species-specific monoclonal ant ... | 2000 | 11217218 |
| bacterial abundance in larval habitats of four species of anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in belize, central america. | numbers of free-living and attached bacteria were counted in surface waters from larval habitats of four species of anopheles mosquitoes: anopheles albimanus wiedemann, an. darlingi root, an. vestitipennis dyar and knab, and an. pseudopunctiopennis theobald, using a direct count method and dapi staining technique. bacterial counts from larval habitats were compared to those from adjacent open water. several additional variables such as total suspended solids (tss), particulate organic carbon (po ... | 2000 | 11217222 |
| mark-recapture studies of host selection by anopheles (anopheles) vestitipennis. | we present herein the results of a series of mark-recapture experiments with female anopheles vestitipennis. theses experiments used human and animal hosts to assess the degree of anthropophily of field-caught specimens, originally collected on either host, and of their offspring. fidelity of mosquitoes to particular hosts was estimated by recapturing marked host-seeking mosquitoes returning for a 2nd blood meal. results indicated that mosquitoes seeking animal hosts were more faithful (80.48%; ... | 2002 | 11998927 |
| host feeding preferences of anopheles species collected by manual aspiration, mechanical aspiration, and from a vehicle-mounted trap in the toledo district, belize, central america. | the host-feeding patterns of anopheles albimanus, anopheles vestitipennis, and anopheles punctimacula from the toledo district in southern belize were studied with blood-fed females that were collected by manual aspiration, a backpack aspirator, and a vehicle-mounted trap for sampling in-flight mosquito populations. female an. vestitipennis collected from both inside and outside house walls by manual aspiration tested positive for human blood meals (88 and 67%, respectively). at increasing dista ... | 2002 | 12542188 |
| comparison of life table attributes from newly established colonies of anopheles albimanus and anopheles vestitipennis in northern belize. | a life table study was conducted for recently established colonies of anopheles albimanus and anopheles vestitipennis in belize, central america. the colonies were reared in the northern orange walk district under uncontrolled environmental conditions (29-32 degrees c, 87-90% rh, and 13:11 l:d photoperiod). the mean time of larval development for an. albimanus was 10.8 days for males and 11.7 days for females. mean times for an. vestitipennis larval development were 11.3 days for males and 13.5 ... | 2003 | 14714669 |
| innate host selection in anopheles vestitipennis from southern mexico. | we assessed the degree of host specificity of the purported anthropophilic and zoophilic populations of anopheles vestitipennis. a series of experiments were conducted in an experimental hut with 3 compartments lined with nylon netting. a central release compartment and 2 side compartments were each baited with equivalent surface area of human and animal baits. wild an. vestitipennis collected on each host, as well as corresponding f1 mosquitoes, were released in the central compartment. overall ... | 2004 | 15669372 |
| comparative susceptibility of three species of anopheles from belize, central america, to plasmodium falciparum (nf-54). | in august of 2000, a comparative susceptibility study was conducted using 3 species of anopheles mosquitoes from belize, central america, and a standard species used in laboratory infection studies, anopheles stephensi. test populations were fed human blood infected with cultured plasmodium falciparum (nf-54 strain) parasites via a membrane feeder. the control species, an. stephensi, exhibited the highest infections, with 73.8% of dissected specimens positive for sporozoites in the salivary glan ... | 2005 | 16252518 |
| biological variation in two anopheles vestitipennis populations with different feeding preferences in southern mexico. | the lengths of gonotrophic cycle and egg development and survival rate were studied in anopheles vestitipennis collected in horse and human-baited traps in southern mexico. the gonotrophic cycle duration was estimated using cross-correlation analysis, whereas the survival rate was assessed using a vertical method. daily changes of parity rates gave significant correlation indices at 3 and 4 days in the zoophilic and anthropophilic populations, respectively. the minimum time required to develop m ... | 2005 | 16506558 |
| evaluation of habitat management strategies for the reduction of malaria vectors in northern belize. | mowing and burning of emergent vegetation were evaluated as potential management strategies for the control of the malaria vector, anopheles vestitipennis, in northern belize, central america. the primary aim was reduction of tall dense macrophytes (dominated by typha domingensis) as preferred larval habitat for an. vestitipennis. nine experimental plots were established in a typha marsh in orange walk district, belize. three plots were burned, three were treated by subaquatic mowing, and three ... | 2005 | 16599158 |
| distribution of anopheles albimanus, anopheles vestitipennis, and anopheles crucians associated with land use in northern belize. | anthropogenic land use changes often alter natural patterns of disease transmission. the goal of this study was to determine whether phosphorus input from sugarcane, saccharum officinarum l., cultivation in northern belize could pose a significant environmental impact on malaria transmission by changing vegetation structure and composition of wetlands and associated larval habitats. our primary focus was on the increased dominance of cattail, typha domingensis pers., a favored habitat for anophe ... | 2006 | 16739424 |
| a mark release-recapture study to define the flight behaviors of anopheles vestitipennis and anopheles albimanus in belize, central america. | the recapture rates of wild-caught, unengorged anopheles vestitipennis and anopheles albimanus females were determined at 0, 400, and 800 m from a fixed release point in belize, central america. three sampling trials, each consisting of two 12-hour collections, were performed at each distance during september-october 2003. a total of 1,621 an. vestitipennis and 1,326 an. albimanus were marked and released during the course of the study. the recapture rate of an. vestitipennis was greatest at 0 m ... | 2007 | 17939506 |
| species composition and distribution of adult anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in panama. | anopheles (diptera: culicidae) species composition and distribution were studied using human landing catch data over a 35-yr period in panama. mosquitoes were collected from 77 sites during 228 field trips carried out by members of the national malaria eradication service. fourteen anopheles species were identified. the highest average human biting rates were recorded from anopheles (nyssorhynchus) albimanus (wiedemann) (9.8 bites/person/night) and anopheles (anopheles) punctimacula (dyar and kn ... | 2008 | 18826025 |
| a supervised land cover classification of a western kenya lowland endemic for human malaria: associations of land cover with larval anopheles habitats. | a supervised land cover classification was developed from very high resolution ikonos satellite data and extensive ground truth sampling of a ca. 10 sq km malaria-endemic lowland in western kenya. the classification was then applied to an investigation of distribution of larval anopheles habitats. the hypothesis was that the distribution and abundance of aquatic habitats of larvae of various species of mosquitoes in the genus anopheles is associated with identifiable landscape features. | 2009 | 19371425 |
| linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease emergence in humans and wildlife. | worldwide increases in human and wildlife diseases have challenged ecologists to understand how large-scale environmental changes affect host-parasite interactions. one of the most profound changes to earth's ecosystems is the alteration of global nutrient cycles, including those of phosphorus (p) and especially nitrogen (n). along with the obvious direct benefits of nutrient application for food production, anthropogenic inputs of n and p can indirectly affect the abundance of infectious and no ... | 2010 | 20349828 |
| detection of flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses in mosquitoes in the yucatan peninsula of mexico in 2008. | a total of 191,244 mosquitoes from 24 species were collected in the yucatan peninsula of mexico from january to december 2008, and tested for the presence of cytopathic virus by virus isolation in vero cells. eighteen virus isolates were obtained, all of which were orthobunyaviruses. these were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nucleotide sequencing as cache valley virus (n=17) and south river virus (n=1). a subset (n=20,124) of culex quinquefasciatus col ... | 2010 | 20370430 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis. | abstract: | 2010 | 20712879 |
| ecology of anopheles darlingi root with respect to vector importance: a review. | anopheles darlingi is one of the most important malaria vectors in the americas. in this era of new tools and strategies for malaria and vector control it is essential to have knowledge on the ecology and behavior of vectors in order to evaluate appropriateness and impact of control measures. this paper aims to provide information on the importance, ecology and behavior of an. darlingi. it reviews publications that addressed ecological and behavioral aspects that are important to understand the ... | 2011 | 21923902 |
| from superspreaders to disease hotspots: linking transmission across hosts and space. | since the identification and imprisonment of "typhoid mary," a woman who infected at least 47 people with typhoid in the early 1900s, epidemiologists have recognized that 'superspreading' hosts play a key role in disease epidemics. such variability in transmission also exists among species within a community (amplification hosts) and among habitat patches across a landscape (disease 'hotspots'), underscoring the need for an integrative framework for studying transmission heterogeneity. here, we ... | 2012 | 23482675 |
| culex pipiens development is greatly influenced by native bacteria and exogenous yeast. | culex pipiens is the most cosmopolitan mosquito of the pipiens assemblage. by studying the nature of interactions between this species and microorganisms common to its breeding environment we can unravel important pitfalls encountered during development. we tested the survival rate of larval stages, pupae and adults of a cx. pipiens colony exposed to a variety of microorganisms in laboratory conditions and assessed the transmission to offspring (f1) by those organisms that secured development up ... | 2016 | 27055276 |
| urban mosquito fauna in mérida city, méxico: immatures collected from containers and storm-water drains/catch basins. | we examined the species composition and temporal occurrence of immature mosquitoes in containers and storm-water drains/catch basins from november 2011 to june 2013 in mérida city, méxico. a wide range of urban settings were examined, including residential premises, vacant lots, parking lots, and streets or sidewalks with storm-water drains/catch basins. in total, 111,776 specimens of 15 species were recorded. the most commonly collected species were aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (n = 60,961) a ... | 0 | 25429168 |
| a global assembly of adult female mosquito mark-release-recapture data to inform the control of mosquito-borne pathogens. | pathogen transmission by mosquitos is known to be highly sensitive to mosquito bionomic parameters. mosquito mark-release-recapture (mmrr) experiments are a standard method for estimating such parameters including dispersal, population size and density, survival, blood feeding frequency and blood meal host preferences. | 2014 | 24946878 |
| diversity of mosquitoes and the aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites along the pacific coast of mexico. | the abundance, richness and diversity of mosquitoes and aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites were surveyed along eight states of the pacific coast of mexico. diversity was estimated using the shannon index (h'), similarity measures and cluster analysis. | 2014 | 24450800 |
| larval habitat characterization of anopheles darlingi from its northernmost geographical distribution in chiapas, mexico. | anopheles darlingi is considered the most efficient malaria vector in the neotropical region. in mexico, its role as an incriminated vector of plasmodium has not been confirmed in the lacandon forest. similarly, knowledge about bionomic and larval ecology is scarce. the study aim was to identify and describe the larval habitats of an. darlingi in chiapas, méxico. | 2015 | 26693816 |
| prospects and recommendations for risk mapping to improve strategies for effective malaria vector control interventions in latin america. | with malaria control in latin america firmly established in most countries and a growing number of these countries in the pre-elimination phase, malaria elimination appears feasible. a review of the literature indicates that malaria elimination in this region will be difficult without locally tailored strategies for vector control, which depend on more research on vector ecology, genetics and behavioural responses to environmental changes, such as those caused by land cover alterations, and huma ... | 2015 | 26694047 |
| the field evaluation of a push-pull system to control malaria vectors in northern belize, central america. | campaigns for the continued reduction and eventual elimination of malaria may benefit from new and innovative vector control tools. one novel approach being considered uses a push-pull strategy, whereby spatial repellents are used in combination with outdoor baited traps. the desired effect is the behavioural manipulation of mosquito populations to elicit movement of vectors away from people and into traps. | 2015 | 25925395 |
| land cover, land use and malaria in the amazon: a systematic literature review of studies using remotely sensed data. | the nine countries sharing the amazon forest accounted for 89% of all malaria cases reported in the americas in 2008. remote sensing can help identify the environmental determinants of malaria transmission and their temporo-spatial evolution. seventeen studies characterizing land cover or land use features, and relating them to malaria in the amazon subregion, were identified. these were reviewed in order to improve the understanding of the land cover/use class roles in malaria transmission. the ... | 2013 | 23758827 |
| spatial correlations of mapped malaria rates with environmental factors in belize, central america. | background: the purposes of this study were to map overall malaria incidence rates from 1989 through 1999 for villages in belize; to assess the seasonal distribution of malaria incidence by region; and to correlate malaria incidence rates with vegetation cover and rivers in villages, using geographic information system technology.malaria information on 156 villages was obtained from an electronic database maintained by the belize national malaria control program. average annual malaria incidence ... | 2004 | 15035669 |
| malaria vector research and control in haiti: a systematic review. | haiti has a set a target of eliminating malaria by 2020. however, information on malaria vector research in haiti is not well known. this paper presents results from a systematic review of the literature on malaria vector research, bionomics and control in haiti. | 2016 | 27443992 |
| plasmodium vivax congenital malaria in an area of very low endemicity in guatemala: implications for clinical and epidemiological surveillance in a malaria elimination context. | this is a report of the first plasmodium vivax congenital malaria case in guatemala and the first case in latin america with genotypical, histological and clinical characterization. the findings show that maternal p. vivax infection still occurs in areas that are in the pathway towards malaria elimination, and can be associated with detrimental health effects for the neonate. it also highlights the need in very low transmission areas of not only maintaining, but increasing awareness of the probl ... | 2012 | 23217209 |
| a new classification system for the actions of irs chemicals traditionally used for malaria control. | knowledge of how mosquitoes respond to insecticides is of paramount importance in understanding how an insecticide functions to prevent disease transmission. a suite of laboratory assays was used to quantitatively characterize mosquito responses to toxic, contact irritant, and non-contact spatial repellent actions of standard insecticides. highly replicated tests of these compounds over a range of concentrations proved that all were toxic, some were contact irritants, and even fewer were non-con ... | 2007 | 17684562 |
| malaria elimination challenges in mesoamerica: evidence of submicroscopic malaria reservoirs in guatemala. | even though malaria incidence has decreased substantially in guatemala since 2000, guatemala remains one of the countries with the highest malaria transmission in mesoamerica. guatemala is committed to eliminating malaria as part of the initiative 'elimination of malaria in mesoamerica and the island of hispaniola' (emmie); however, it is still in the control phase. during the past decade, the government strengthened malaria control activities including mass distribution of long-lasting insectic ... | 2016 | 27577992 |
| malaria elimination in haiti by the year 2020: an achievable goal? | haiti and the dominican republic, which share the island of hispaniola, are the last locations in the caribbean where malaria still persists. malaria is an important public health concern in haiti with 17,094 reported cases in 2014. further, on january 12, 2010, a record earthquake devastated densely populated areas in haiti including many healthcare and laboratory facilities. weakened infrastructure provided fertile reservoirs for uncontrolled transmission of infectious pathogens. this situatio ... | 2015 | 26043728 |
| a comparison of two commercial mosquito traps for the capture of malaria vectors in northern belize, central america. | to achieve maximum success from any vector control intervention, it is critical to identify the most efficacious tools available. the principal aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 commercially available adult mosquito traps for capturing anopheles albimanus and an. vestitipennis, 2 important malaria vectors in northern belize, central america. additionally, the impact of outdoor baited traps on mosquito entry into experimental huts was assessed. when operated outside of human-occ ... | 2014 | 25843092 |
| volatile substances from larval habitats mediate species-specific oviposition in anopheles mosquitoes. | oviposition site selection has been recognized as critical both for the survival and population dynamics of mosquitoes. volatile substances released from larval habitats have been implicated as potential olfactory cues mediating oviposition. in our continuing studies of cues involved in oviposition site selection, we collected material from the larval habitats of anopheles albimanus wiedemann and anopheles vestitipennis dyar & knab, i.e., cyanobacterial mats and typha domingensis pers. litter, r ... | 2005 | 15799516 |
| the salivary chromosomes of anopheles vestitipennis. | | 1966 | 4864805 |
| development of molecular assays to detect target-site mechanisms associated with insecticide resistance in malaria vectors from latin america. | malaria remains an important public health problem in latin america, and the development of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors poses a major threat to malaria elimination efforts. monitoring of insecticide susceptibility and the determination of the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance are needed to effectively guide the deployment of appropriate vector control measures. here, molecular assays have been developed to screen for mutations associated with insecticide resistance on t ... | 2019 | 31221148 |