| susceptibility of spores of the microsporidian nosema algerae to sunlight and germicidal ultraviolet radiation. | | 1979 | 536611 |
| the effect of the microsporidan, nosema algerae, on anopheles stephensi. | | 1975 | 803538 |
| effect of nosema algerae on the house fly musca domestica (diptera: muscidae). | larvae of musca domestica were exposed to spores of nosema algerae on the surface of their diet. infective concentrations (ic50 and ic90) for the larvae were 3.6 x 10(4) and 1.6 x 10(6) spores/cm2, respectively. the disease appeared to cause no larval mortality, but the longevity of adult females was reduced. at 30 days post-infection, there were at least 1 x 10(7) spores per fly in all dosage groups. at lower dosages, the development of spores was delayed and fewer spores were produced. | 1992 | 1402864 |
| the effect of nosematosis on the development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi. | to quantify the effect of nosema algerae (microsporidia, nosematidae) on the development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi (diptera, culicidae), we carried out infection experiments under standardized laboratory conditions. apart from a mean reduction of 69% in oocyst development, smaller numbers of oocysts and fewer sporozoites were found in the nosema-infected mosquitoes. in addition, nosematosis resulted in higher mortality. the potential role of nosema algerae as a biological c ... | 1992 | 1557330 |
| the effects of nosema algerae on the development of plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in anopheles stephensi. | experimental simultaneous infections of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) with nosema algerae (microsporida: nosematidae) and plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis under standardized laboratory conditions showed partial suppression of the malaria parasite. at 9 days after an infective bloodmeal, the oocysts in the midgut were counted; 12.1%-66.6% of the double-infected mosquitoes exhibited no oocysts, whereas only 4.5%-12% of the control group showed no oocysts. the mean reduction in oocyst numbe ... | 1992 | 1584748 |
| effect of nosema algerae vavra and undeen spores infection on longevity and fecundity of larval instars of aedes aegypti l. and culex fatigans weid. | | 1986 | 3108151 |
| the infection of nonmosquito hosts by injection with spores of the microsporidan nosema algerae. | | 1973 | 4206297 |
| nosema algerae n. sp. (cnidospora, microsporida) a pathogen in a laboratory colony of anopheles stephensi liston (diptera, culicidae). | | 1970 | 4915459 |
| ultrastructural study of early development of nosema algerae in anopheles albimanus. | | 1983 | 6411825 |
| infectivity of a microsporidium of mosquitoes (nosema algerae) to larval stages of schistosoma mansoni in biomphalaria glabrata. | | 1980 | 6778833 |
| phylogenetic relationships among vairimorpha and nosema species (microspora) based on ribosomal rna sequence data. | a portion (approximately 350 nucleotides) of the large subunit ribosomal rna (rrna) 5' to the 580 region (escherichia coli numbering) was sequenced using the reverse transcriptase dideoxy method and compared for several species of nosema and vairimorpha. comparison among nosema species suggests that this genus is composed of several unrelated groups. the group which includes the type species, nosema bombycis, consists of closely related species found primarily in lepidoptera. other nosema specie ... | 1994 | 7963643 |
| isolation of nosema algerae from the cornea of an immunocompetent patient. | | 1999 | 10519226 |
| characterization of nosema algerae isolates after continuous cultivation in mammalian cells at 37 degrees c. | | 1999 | 10519228 |
| ribosomal rna of nosema algerae and phylogenetic relationship to other microsporidia. | microsporidia are intracellular parasites that are common in invertebrates. taxonomic classification is mostly restricted to morphologic and physiologic data. limited data are available about taxonomic classification using dna-sequence data for analysis. we examined the small-subunit (ssu) rdna, the intergenic spacer (its) region, and a part of the large-subunit (lsu) rdna of nosema algerae, a parasite of mosquitoes, taken from a laboratory colony of anopheles stephensi. target gene amplificatio ... | 2000 | 10669131 |
| the effects of nosema algerae vavra and undeen (microsporida: nosematidae) pathogen of culex pipiens l.(diptera: culicidae) from egypt on fecundity and longevity of the host. | a microsporidian, nosema algerae vavra and undeen, was found parasitizing larvae and adults of a laboratory colony of culex pipiens l. originated from gharbia governorate. a detailed examination of the developmental stages of the pathogen under light and electron microscopes showed that they are typical of the original characteristics of n. algerae. other observations on the infected individuals revealed that spores of the pathogen were found in all organs of the infected mosquitoes except the n ... | 2000 | 11198385 |
| in vitro replication of nosema algerae (microsporidia), a parasite of anopheline mosquitoes, in human cells above 36 degrees c. | microsporidia form a large and ubiquitous group of obligately intracellular parasitic eukaryotes, increasingly recognized as pathogens in humans. transmission of invertebrate microsporidia to mammals has been considered impossible because temperature seemed to be a limiting factor for development. nosema algerae, a microsporidian of anopheline mosquitoes, was cultured in human muscle fibroblasts at temperatures of 31 degrees c and 38 degrees c. this is the first record of an invertebrate microsp ... | 1999 | 10519213 |
| inhibition of apoptosis by intracellular protozoan parasites. | protozoan parasites which reside inside a host cell avoid direct destruction by the immune system of the host. the infected cell, however, still has the capacity to counteract the invasive pathogen by initiating its own death, a process which is called programmed cell death or apoptosis. apoptotic cells are recognised and phagocytosed by macrophages and the parasite is potentially eliminated together with the infected cell. this potent defence mechanism of the host cell puts strong selective pre ... | 2001 | 11563357 |
| microsporidian intrasporal sugars and their role in germination. | the hypothesis that spores of terrestrial and aquatic microsporidia differ in their utilization of sugars was tested by evaluating the sugars in germinated and ungerminated spores of several species in each category. the aquatic species tested were vavraia culicis, edhazardia aedis, and nosema algerae and the terrestrial species were vairimorpha necatrix, nosema disstriae, nosema apis, vairimorpha lymantriae, and nosema spp. from spodoptera exigua and plutella xylostella. the percentage germinat ... | 1999 | 10222184 |
| brachiola vesicularum, n. g., n. sp., a new microsporidium associated with aids and myositis. | brachiola vesicularum, n. g., n. sp., is a new microsporidum associated with aids and myositis. biopsied muscle tissue, examined by light and electron microscopy, revealed the presence of organisms developing in direct contact with muscle cell cytoplasm and fibers. no other tissue types were infected. all parasite stages contain diplokaryotic nuclei and all cell division is by binary fission. sporogony is disporoblastic, producing 2.9 x 2 microns diplokaryotic spores containing 8-10 coils of the ... | 1998 | 9627985 |
| in vitro cultivation of microsporidia of clinical importance. | although attempts to develop methods for the in vitro cultivation of microsporidia began as early as 1937, the interest in the culture of these organisms was confined mostly to microsporidia that infect insects. the successful cultivation in 1969 of encephalitozoon cuniculi, a microsporidium of mammalian origin, and the subsequent identification of these organisms as agents of human disease heightened interest in the cultivation of microsporidia. i describe the methodology as well as the cell li ... | 2002 | 12097248 |
| morphologic changes in nosema algerae (microspora) during extrusion. | as a member of the phylum microspora, nosema algerae is a small obligate intracellular parasite. its free invasive stage is a spore with a characteristic cellular organization, including an apically anchored polar tube that serves as a tool for the transmission of genetic material into the host cell. by detailed electron micrographic documentation of the spore ultrastructure we present the aspects related to the biologic process of spore extrusion. our ultrastructure findings confirm that the ex ... | 1998 | 9493211 |
| the amino acid composition of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) infected with nosema algerae (microsporida: nosematidae) | the amino acid composition of larvae, pupae, and adult mosquitoes of anopheles stephensi infected with nosema algerae and noninfected insects was analyzed using an amino acid analyzer. the increase and decrease in the concentration of single amino acids during the development of the microsporidium were compared with the spread of meronts, sporonts, and spores within the host. the appearance of meronts and sporonts coincided mainly with an increase in the concentration of alanine and histidine. t ... | 1998 | 9446736 |
| germination of nosema algerae (microspora) spores: conditional inhibition by d2o, ethanol and hg2+ suggests dependence of water influxupon membrane hydration and specific transmembrane pathways. | the germination of microsporidian spores under conditions expected to affect water flow across the plasma membrane-wall complex was studied by assessing their responses to in vitro stimulation with na+ or k+. partial or full substitution of common water with d2o, which more effectively coats ions and electrostatically-charged cell surfaces with relatively stable hydration layers, delayed and inhibited spore germination in a concentration-dependent manner; yet, preincubation in 100% d2o did not c ... | 1997 | 9190262 |
| fatal myositis due to the microsporidian brachiola algerae, a mosquito pathogen. | | 2004 | 15229306 |
| opportunistic properties of nosema algerae (microspora), a mosquito parasite, in immunocompromised mice. | in the last ten years microsporidia have been recognized as opportunistic pathogens in aids patients. the sources of infection and the mechanisms of transmission of these organisms in humans are mostly uncertain. transmission of invertebrate microsporidia to mammals is normally considered impossible, temperature being a limiting factor for development. mice treated with cortisone acetate and with cyclosporin a, respectively, as well as athymic nice were injected intravenously, intranasally, pero ... | 1997 | 9183715 |
| detection of microsporidian spores in clinical samples by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay using whole-cell antisera to encephalitozoon cuniculi and encephalitozoon hellem. | three polyclonal mouse antisera, to encephalitozoon cuniculi, nosema algerae, and nosema corneum, and two polyclonal rabbit antisera, to e. cuniculi and encephalitozoon hellem, were used in an indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (ifa) with enterocytozoon bieneusi, e. cuniculi, and encephalitgozoon. hellem spores (spores of the last two were taken from culture). enterocytozoon bieneusi cannot be cultured. by ifa, antisera to e. cuniculi and e. hellem reacted strongly and equally with each other's ... | 1993 | 8263205 |
| effects of nosema algerae infections on the gene activity of the salivary gland chromosomes of acricotopus lucidus (diptera, chironomidae). | larvae of acricotopus lucidus (diptera, chironomidae) were successfully infected with nosema algerae (microsporidia, nosematidae). treatment of newly hatched larvae with 2-3 x 10(5) spores/ml produced a 59.7%-83.8% rate of microsporidia-infected animals within 6 weeks. one of the host tissues infected was the polytene salivary gland; 31.3%-35.3% of the larvae showed infections in the gland cells. this made it possible to investigate the reaction of the puffing pattern of the polytene host-cell c ... | 1994 | 8202448 |
| the future of microbial insecticides as vector control agents. | insect vectors of human diseases are subject to diseases of their own caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and nematodes. over the past 30 years, many members of these groups have been evaluated as vector control agents, particularly for mosquito control. most pathogens and nematodes occur primarily in larvae, and are only effective against this stage. the principal candidate control agents studied include iridescent and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, the bacteria bacillus thuringiensi ... | 1995 | 7595459 |
| dual infections of culex tritaeniorhynchus with west nile virus and nosema algerae. | culex tritaeniorhynchus females infected with the microsporidian nosema algerae, and uninfected control females were compared for susceptibility to infection with west nile (wn) virus and for the ability to transmit virus. when fed on a high titered dose fo virus, 95% of the control females became infected, whereas only 65% of the n. algerae-infected females were infected with wn virus. however, at two lower viral doses, no differences in susceptibility were observed. no significant differences ... | 1981 | 6790696 |
| nosema algerae (nosematidae, microsporida): laboratory infections of anopheles larvae and prospects for field application. | different larval instars of anopheles arabiensis were infected experimentally using different dosages of nosema algerae spores. the n. algerae infections killed most of the exposed larvae at the instar treated. chronic infections in adults developing from treated larvae decreased fecundity and shortened the life of the adults. the possibility of applying n. algerae as a control agent against an. arabiensis larvae is discussed. | 1985 | 3928900 |
| the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the germination of nosema algerae vávra and undeen (microsporida: nosematidae) spores. | spores of nosema algerae vávra and undeen were subjected to various dosages of 254 nm ultraviolet radiation (uv). very high dosages of uv were required to block germination. germination was normal immediately after uv dosages of 0.2 to 1.0 j/cm2, followed by a delayed effect in which both percentage germination and the intrasporal concentration of trehalose decreased with time after uv exposure. although a few spores were germinated, most of them were inactivated (rendered temporarily unable to ... | 1990 | 2359047 |
| the role of osmotic pressure in the germination of nosema algerae spores. | both the lag period and the time required for the filament and sporoplasm to emerge from nosema algerae spores were prolonged when germination occurred under hyperosmotic conditions. polyethylene glycol (peg) and sucrose inhibited germination, first by preventing eversion of the filament, and then at higher concentrations by preventing stimulation. the size of the spore cases decreased by about 21% following germination, indicating an elastic spore wall and turgor pressure in the dormant spores. ... | 1990 | 2086785 |
| structural alteration of the plasma membrane in spores of the microsporidium nosema algerae on germination. | the fine structure of the plasma membrane in spores of the microsporidium nosema algerae, a pathogen of mosquitoes, was examined in the resting condition and after the spores were stimulated to germinate in vitro. slow penetration of resin caused collapse of the germinated spores. thin sections of germinated spores showed peculiar membrane infoldings that were never found in ungerminated samples. analogous germination-dependent configurations of the plasma membrane were observed in freeze-fractu ... | 1991 | 1920152 |
| in vitro propagation of the microsporidian pathogen brachiola algerae and studies of its chromosome and ribosomal dna organization in the context of the complete genome sequencing project. | brachiola algerae has a broad host spectrum from human to mosquitoes. the successful infection of two mosquito cell lines (mos55: embryonic cells and sua 4.0: hemocyte-like cells) and a human cell line (hff) highlights the efficient adaptive capacity of this microsporidian pathogen. the molecular karyotype of this microsporidian species was determined in the context of the b. algerae genome sequencing project, showing that its haploid genome consists of 30 chromosomal-sized dnas ranging from 160 ... | 2008 | 17977059 |
| genome sequence surveys of brachiola algerae and edhazardia aedis reveal microsporidia with low gene densities. | microsporidia are well known models of extreme nuclear genome reduction and compaction. the smallest microsporidian genomes have received the most attention, but genomes of different species range in size from 2.3 mb to 19.5 mb and the nature of the larger genomes remains unknown. | 2008 | 18445287 |
| studies on ocular microsporidia. | sera from six ocular microsporidiosis patients and eight individuals with no history of microsporidiosis were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and by western blot immunodetection. microsporidia used as antigen include nosema corneum, encephalitozoon hellem, encephalitozoon cuniculi, and nosema algerae. three aids patients with known e. hellem infections displayed elisa antibody titers to e. hellem ranging from 1:400 to 1:12,800. two patients with unclassified microsporidial i ... | 1991 | 1818211 |
| nosema algerae: infection of the white mouse by a mosquito parasite. | | 1976 | 950003 |
| partial suppression of malaria parasites in aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi doubly infected with nosema algerae and plasmodium. | | 1979 | 395108 |
| growth of nosema algerae in pig kidney cell cultures. | nosema algerae, a microsporidan parasite of mosquitoes, can infect pig kidney cell cultures. sores germinated in the culture medium, infected the cells within 30 min of germination, multiplied, and produced spores. the early developmental stages in the n. algerae life cycle are discribed. | 1975 | 235022 |
| host-parasite relationship of nosema algerae, a parasite of mosquitoes. | | 1979 | 44266 |
| human vocal cord infection with the microsporidium anncaliia algerae. | we describe a biopsy proven case of microsporidial infection of the false vocal cords in a 69-yr-old male with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. the patient had hoarseness for several weeks before his admission to the hospital for shortness of breath. he had received chemotherapy with fludarabine 6 wk before this hospital admission. a biopsy of vocal cord nodules demonstrated an organism that was identified as anncaliia algerae by electron microscopy. molecular analysis of the small sub ... | 2010 | 20958855 |
| in vivo germination and host specificity of nosema algerae in mosquitoes. | | 1976 | 8572 |
| molecular characterization of human-pathogenic microsporidia and cyclospora cayetanensis isolated from various water sources in spain: a year-long longitudinal study. | recent studies suggest the involvement of water in the epidemiology of cyclospora cayetanensis and some microsporidia. a total of 223 samples from four drinking water treatment plants (dwtps), seven wastewater treatment plants (wwtps), and six locations of influence (li) on four river basins from madrid, spain, were analyzed from spring 2008 to winter 2009. microsporidia were detected in 49% of samples (109/223), cyclospora spp. were detected in 9% (20/223), and both parasites were found in 5.4% ... | 2013 | 23124243 |
| susceptibility of nontarget organisms to nosema algerae (microsporida: nosematidae), a parasite of mosquitoes. | | 1976 | 6596 |
| hijacking of host cellular functions by an intracellular parasite, the microsporidian anncaliia algerae. | intracellular pathogens including bacteria, viruses and protozoa hijack host cell functions to access nutrients and to bypass cellular defenses and immune responses. these strategies have been acquired through selective pressure and allowed pathogens to reach an appropriate cellular niche for their survival and growth. to get new insights on how parasites hijack host cellular functions, we developed a silac (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) quantitative proteomics workflow ... | 2014 | 24967735 |
| the human isolate of brachiola algerae (phylum microspora): development in scid mice and description of its fine structure features. | ocular, peroral, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous inoculation of severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice with spores of the human isolate (cdc: v404) of brachiola algerae (syn. nosema algerae) (phylum microspora) revealed that the microsporidium develops in viscera of the immunodeficient mouse host, but only after the ocular administration of spores. it is hypothesized that the physico-chemical milieu of the conjunctiva and cornea helped to adapt the originally 'poikilothermi ... | 2001 | 11510680 |
| the effects of elevated temperatures and various time-temperature combinations on the development of brachiola (nosema) algerae n. comb. in mammalian cell culture. | nosema algerae vávra and undeen 1970, a microsporidian known to cause infection in mosquitoes, develops in mammalian cell cultures at 24-35 degrees c and in the tails and footpads of athymic mice. more recently it has been reported to grow at 38 degrees c in human cell culture. the present study is a two-part temperature/development examination. the first part examines the development of n. algerae in rabbit kidney cell culture at 29 degrees c, which permits the formation of functional spores wi ... | 2000 | 10847338 |
| brachiola algerae sporoplasms. | | 2001 | 11906089 |
| brachiola algerae spore membrane systems, their activity during extrusion, and a new structural entity, the multilayered interlaced network, associated with the polar tube and the sporoplasm. | the microsporidial genus, brachiola, contains three species: the type species brachiola vesicularum (identified from an aids patient) and two species transferred from the genus nosema, becoming brachiola connori and brachiola algerae. a developmental feature of the genus brachiola is the "thickened" plasmalemma from sporoplasm through sporoblast stage. the sporoplasm has been reported to have a thick plasmalemma at 1-h postextrusion. the purpose of this investigation was to observe b. algerae sp ... | 2002 | 12043963 |
| [studies on the ribosomal rna gene(rdna) of a microsporidium isolated from pieris rapae l]. | nuclotide sequence (1205 bp) of small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurdna) of a microsporidium isolated from pieris rapae l. (abbr:mpr) was specifically amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). another fragment of 657 bp downstream of mpr ssurdna 3'end was amplified with two other primers. within this 657 bp fragment, the putative 3'terminus of mpr ssurdna and the extreme 5' of large subunit ribosomal rna gene. (lsurdna) were identified, which situated at base 145, 146-186 and 187, respectively. ... | 2001 | 12552809 |
| analysis of four human microsporidian isolates by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | spores of four species of microsporidia isolated from humans were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and specific biomarkers were found for each. the microsporidia analyzed included three species, encephalitozoon cuniculi, encephalitozoon hellem, and encephalitozoon intestinalis and the fourth organism is the recently described brachiola algerae. whole spores, spore shells, and soluble fractions were applied directly to the mal ... | 2003 | 12836871 |
| differences between brachiola (nosema) algerae isolates of human and insect origin when tested using an in vitro spore germination assay and a cultured cell infection assay. | brachiola (nosema) algerae is a microsporidian species generally believed to be an intracellular parasite of insects, especially mosquitoes. however, both mosquito and human isolates have been shown to infect mammalian cells. the present study was undertaken to determine if spores of two insect and two human isolates of b. algerae cultured at 30 degrees c and 37 degrees c differed in their ability to germinate and infect cultured green monkey kidney cells at these two temperatures. spores from a ... | 2004 | 15218704 |
| sugar acquisition during the development of microsporidian (microspora: nosematidae) spores | helicoverpa zea larvae were infected with vairimorpha necatrix. the fat body was triturated and sporulation stages were fractionated according to buoyant density by ludox density gradient centrifugation. spores and sporulation stages formed two minor bands with buoyant densities of 1.072 and 1.121 g/ml, and two major bands with buoyant densities of 1.150 and 1.198 g/ml. the higher bands of less dense sporoblastic stages first appeared 96 hr following infection and the band containing the heavies ... | 1997 | 9281397 |
| an analysis of the microsporidian genus brachiola, with comparisons of human and insect isolates of brachiola algerae. | the genus brachiola is the newest microsporidian genus established for a human infection with the type species being b. vesicularum in skeletal muscle. subsequently, the microsporidium, nosema algerae, identified from mosquitoes, was added to this genus because of morphological and physiological similarities. the present report illustrates a confirmed case of brachiola algerae infecting skeletal muscle in a 56-year-old woman who was being treated for rheumatoid arthritis with immunosuppressive d ... | 2004 | 15666726 |
| review of microsporidia-mosquito relationships: from the simple to the complex. | microsporidia in mosquitoes can be divided into two categories based on their life cycles and host-parasite relationships. some species of microsporidia exhibit simple life cycles with one spore type responsible for oral (horizontal) transmission. they affect only one generation of the mosquito and are not usually host or tissue specific. brachiola algerae and vavraia culicis are examples of species isolated from mosquitoes with relatively straightforward life cycles (one spore type) and simple ... | 2005 | 16004363 |
| a review of the development of two types of human skeletal muscle infections from microsporidia associated with pathology in invertebrates and cold-blooded vertebrates. | traditionally, the microsporidia were primarily studied in insects and fish. there were only a few human cases of microsporidiosis reported until the advent of aids, when the number of human microsporidian infections dramatically increased and the importance of these new pathogens to medicine became evident. over a dozen different kinds of microsporidia infecting humans have been reported. while some of these infections were identified in new genera (enterocytozoon, vittaforma), there were also ... | 2005 | 16004364 |
| public health importance of brachiola algerae (microsporidia)--an emerging pathogen of humans. | brachiola algerae, a parasite of anopheles mosquitoes, has also been isolated from a human cornea, a cutaneous nodule and deep muscle tissue. all three human isolates of b. algerae are morphologically, serologically, and genetically similar to the mosquito-derived isolates including the original isolate of vavra and undeen. all of these isolates grew well in mammalian cell cultures at 37 degrees c and produced spores. transmission electron microscopy revealed that all developmental stages includ ... | 2005 | 16004367 |
| the early events of brachiola algerae (microsporidia) infection: spore germination, sporoplasm structure, and development within host cells. | brachiola algerae (vavra et undeen, 1970) lowman, takvorian et cali, 2000, originally isolated from a mosquito, has been maintained in rabbit kidney cells at 29 degrees c in our laboratory. this culture system has made it possible to study detailed aspects of its development, including spore activation, polar tube extrusion, and the transfer of the infective sporoplasm. employing techniques to ultrastructurally process and observe parasite activity in situ without disturbance of the cultures has ... | 2005 | 16004371 |
| investigations into microsporidian methionine aminopeptidase type 2: a therapeutic target for microsporidiosis. | the microsporidia have been reported to cause a wide range of clinical diseases particularly in patients that are immunosuppressed. they can infect virtually any organ system and cases of gastrointestinal infection, encephalitis, ocular infection, sinusitis, myositis and disseminated infection are well described in the literature. while benzimidazoles such as albendazole are active against many species of microsporidia, these drugs do not have significant activity against enterocytozoon bieneusi ... | 2005 | 16004378 |
| in vitro cultivation of an insect microsporidian tubulinosema ratisbonensis in mammalian cells. | tubulinosema ratisbonensis is a microsporidian pathogen of drosophila melanogaster belonging to the family tubulinosematidae. the microsporidia in this family mainly cause infections in invertebrate hosts, but two members of this family, brachiola vesicularum and brachiola algerae, have been found to cause infections in humans as well. moreover, b. algerae can be transmitted to immunodeficient mice and grows in mammalian cell cultures. thus, the examination of the opportunistic properties of oth ... | 2005 | 16014013 |
| transfer of the members of the genus brachiola (microsporidia) to the genus anncaliia based on ultrastructural and molecular data. | two microsporidian genera, anncaliiaissi, krylova, & nicolaeva 1993 and brachiolacali et al. 1998, possess a nosema-type life cycle and unique cell surface ornamentations, which include precocious electron-dense coating of the plasmalemma and a variety of secretory structures deposited on the parasite surface and scattered in the host cell cytoplasm. comparative analysis of ultrastructure of anncaliia meligethi (the type species of the genus anncaliia) and of b. vesicularum and b. algerae (the b ... | 2006 | 16441582 |
| interb multigenic family, a gene repertoire associated with subterminal chromosome regions of encephalitozoon cuniculi and conserved in several human-infecting microsporidian species. | microsporidia are fungi-related obligate intracellular parasites that infect numerous animals, including man. encephalitozoon cuniculi harbours a very small genome (2.9 mbp) with about 2,000 coding sequences (cdss). most repeated cdss are of unknown function and are distributed in subterminal regions that mark the transitions between subtelomeric rdna units and chromosome cores. a potential multigenic family (interb) encoding proteins within a size range of 579-641 aa was investigated by pcr and ... | 2007 | 17235519 |
| effects of host temperature and gastric and duodenal environments on microsporidia spore germination and infectivity of intestinal epithelial cells. | approximately 14 of the more than 1,000 species of microsporidia infect humans, only two of which, enterocytozoon bieneusi and encephalitozoon intestinalis, cause intestinal microsporidiosis. clinical isolates of three microsporidia species, e. intestinalis, encephalitozoon hellem, and the insect parasite, anncaliia (brachiola, nosema) algerae were used in a spore germination assay, and enterocyte attachment and infection assays were performed to model the potential roles of gastric and duodenal ... | 2008 | 18751726 |
| alpha- and beta-tubulin phylogenies support a close relationship between the microsporidia brachiola algerae and antonospora locustae. | microsporidia are a large and diverse group of intracellular parasites related to fungi. much of our understanding of the relationships between microsporidia comes from phylogenies based on a single gene, the small subunit (ssu) rrna, because only this gene has been sampled from diverse microsporidia. however, ssurrna trees are limited in their ability to resolve basal branches and some microsporidian affiliations are inconsistent between different analyses. protein phylogenies have provided ins ... | 2008 | 19017059 |
| a role for antimicrobial peptides in intestinal microsporidiosis. | summary: clinical isolates from 3 microsporidia species, encephalitozoon intestinalis and encephalitozoon hellem, and the insect parasite anncaliia (brachiola, nosema) algerae, were used in spore germination and enterocyte-like (c2bbe1) cell infection assays to determine the effect of a panel of antimicrobial peptides. spores were incubated with lactoferrin (lf), lysozyme (lz), and human beta defensin 2 (hbd2), human alpha defensin 5 (hd5), and human alpha defensin 1 (hnp1), alone and in combina ... | 2009 | 19079820 |
| identification of transcriptional signals in encephalitozoon cuniculi widespread among microsporidia phylum: support for accurate structural genome annotation. | microsporidia are obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites with genomes ranging in size from 2.3 mbp to more than 20 mbp. the extremely small (2.9 mbp) and highly compact (approximately 1 gene/kb) genome of the human parasite encephalitozoon cuniculi has been fully sequenced. the aim of this study was to characterize noncoding motifs that could be involved in regulation of gene expression in e. cuniculi and to show whether these motifs are conserved among the phylum microsporidia. | 2009 | 20003517 |
| experimental evolution of specialization by a microsporidian parasite. | evolutionary theory predicts that the pressure for parasites to specialize on one host or to become generalists on a wide range of hosts is driven by the diversity or temporal variability of the host's population and by genetic trade-offs in the adaptation to different hosts. we give experimental evidence for this idea by letting the parasite brachiola algerae evolve on one of four genetically homogeneous lines of the mosquito aedes aegypti, on a mixture of the four lines or on an alternating se ... | 2010 | 20509886 |
| in vitro growth of microsporidia anncaliia algerae in cell lines from warm water fish. | anncaliia algerae is an aquatic microsporidium that most commonly infects mosquitoes but can be grown on the rabbit kidney cell line, rk-13. spores were purified from rk-13 cultures and added to cell lines from warm water fish and from an insect. the cell lines were gfsk-s1 and gfb3c-w1 from goldfish skin and brain respectively, zeb2j from zebrafish embryos, fhmt-w1 from fathead minnow testis, and sf9 from ovaries of a fall armyworm moth. all cultures were maintained at 27°c. infection was judge ... | 2010 | 21086187 |
| a novel fluorescent labeling method enables monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics of developing microsporidia. | the microsporidium, anncaliia algerae (brachiola algerae), is a eukaryotic obligate intracellular parasite first isolated from mosquitoes and is an important opportunistic human pathogen that can cause morbidity and mortality among immune-compromised individuals including patients with aids and those undergoing chemotherapy. there is little known about the microsporidia-host cell interface in living host cells, due to current approaches being limited by the lack of fluorescent reporters for dete ... | 2016 | 26567000 |
| intestinal microsporidiosis. | infection by the ingested pathogens of microsporidia occur primarily in immunosuppressed patients (including untreated hiv/aids) and are diagnosed by stool examination, small bowel biopsy with special stains, or electron microscopy (for definitive speciation), or by various molecular techniques. although electron microscopy has been the definitive diagnostic tool for speciation, genetic sequencing increasingly provides the definitive diagnosis for new species, such as anncaliia algerae. further ... | 2015 | 26004651 |
| microsporidian genomes harbor a diverse array of transposable elements that demonstrate an ancestry of horizontal exchange with metazoans. | microsporidian genomes are the leading models to understand the streamlining in response to a pathogenic lifestyle; they are gene-poor and often possess small genomes. in this study, we show a feature of microsporidian genomes that contrasts this pattern of genome reduction. specifically, genome investigations targeted at anncaliia algerae, a human pathogen with a genome size of 23 mb, revealed the presence of a hitherto undetected diversity in transposable elements (tes). a total of 240 te fami ... | 2014 | 25172905 |
| analysis of the beta-tubulin gene and morphological changes of the microsporidium anncaliia algerae both suggest albendazole sensitivity. | the microsporidium, anncaliia algerae, an obligate intracellular parasite, has been identified as an opportunistic human pathogen, but treatment has not been evaluated for infections with this organism. albendazole, an antitubulin polymerization drug used against parasitic worm infections, has been the medication of choice used to treat some microsporidial infections affecting humans, with varying results ranging from clearing infection (encephalitozoon) to resistance (enterocytozoon). this stud ... | 2017 | 25105446 |
| identification of two new polar tube proteins related to polar tube protein 2 in the microsporidian antonospora locustae. | microsporidia are obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites with a broad host spectrum characterized by a unique and highly sophisticated invasion apparatus, the polar tube (pt). in a previous study, two pt proteins, named alptp1 (50 kda) and alptp2 (35 kda), were identified in antonospora locustae, an orthoptera parasite that is used as a biological control agent against locusts. antibodies raised against alptp2 cross-reacted with a band migrating at ~70 kda, suggesting that this 70-kda antig ... | 2013 | 23763358 |
| the multilayered interlaced network (min) in the sporoplasm of the microsporidium anncaliia algerae is derived from golgi. | this study provides evidence for the golgi-like activity of the multilayered interlaced network (min) and new ultrastructural observations of the min in the sporoplasm of anncaliia algerae, a microsporidium that infects both insects and humans. the min is attached to the end of the polar tubule upon extrusion from the germinating spore. it surrounds the sporoplasm, immediately below its plasma membrane, and most likely maintains the integrity of the sporoplasm, as it is pulled through the everti ... | 2017 | 23316714 |
| annotation of microsporidian genomes using transcriptional signals. | high-quality annotation of microsporidian genomes is essential for understanding the biological processes that govern the development of these parasites. here we present an improved structural annotation method using transcriptional dna signals. we apply this method to re-annotate four previously annotated genomes, which allow us to detect annotation errors and identify a significant number of unpredicted genes. we then annotate the newly sequenced genome of anncaliia algerae. a comparative geno ... | 2012 | 23072807 |
| myositis due to the microsporidian anncaliia (brachiola) algerae in a lung transplant recipient. | microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites, more closely related to fungi than protozoa on molecular phylogenetic analysis, and are known to be a rare cause of opportunistic infection in immune compromised patients including human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients and solid organ transplant recipients. we report the first case to our knowledge of microsporidial myositis in a lung transplant recipient. he was 49 years old and had received a lung transplant in 2000 for cystic fibros ... | 2012 | 22385431 |
| anncaliia algerae microsporidial myositis. | the insect microsporidian anncaliia algerae was first described in 2004 as a cause of fatal myositis in an immunosuppressed person from pennsylvania, usa. two cases were subsequently reported, and we detail 2 additional cases, including the only nonfatal case. we reviewed all 5 case histories with respect to clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management and summarized organism life cycle and epidemiology. before infection, all case-patients were using immunosuppressive medications for rheu ... | 0 | 24447398 |
| successful treatment of disseminated anncaliia algerae microsporidial infection with combination fumagillin and albendazole. | anncaliia algerae myositis is a life-threatening, emerging microsporidiosis among immunocompromised hosts. we report a case of disseminated a algerae infection in a man previously treated with alemtuzumab. due to failure of albendazole-based therapy, fumagillin was added as a novel approach to management, with a good clinical response and patient survival. | 2016 | 27704013 |