| pesticides and phytoseiid mites: strategies for risk assessment. | laboratory toxicity trials may predict effects of chemicals under field conditions, but errors are inevitable. a chemical may be presumed harmless when in fact it has a detrimental effect, or it may appear highly toxic in the laboratory, but not in the field. error rates depend on experimental setups, evaluation criteria, and ecological attributes, such as dietary range, of the organisms under study. the authors analyze results of standardized toxicity studies of pesticides on four species of pr ... | 1995 | 8565878 |
| mite population dynamics on different grape varieties with or without phytoseiids released (acari: phytoseiidae). | in a three-year study, mite populations were monitored in two vineyards, each having two grape varieties with different leaf hair density. in both vineyards native phytoseiids were present: amblyseius andersoni in one vineyard, and phytoseius finitimus in the other. the economically important predators kampimodromus aberrans and typhlodromus pyri were released in both vineyards in order to study their efficacy in controlling tetranychids and eriophyids and their persistence during periods of pre ... | 1999 | 10581713 |
| functional response of euseius finlandicus and amblyseius andersoni to panonychus ulmi on apple and peach leaves in the laboratory. | the functional response of adult females of the predatory mites euseius (amblyseius) finlandicus and amblyseius andersoni to larvae and adult females of the fruit tree red spider mite panonychus ulmi was determined on apple and peach leaf disks in the laboratory at 25 degrees c and 16:8 (l:d). for adult females of p. ulmi the predation efficiency of e. finlandicus was higher on peach than on apple, whereas that of a. andersoni was higher on apple than on peach. efficiency of predation on larvae ... | 2000 | 11110236 |
| cannibalism and intraguild predation among phytoseiid mites: are aggressiveness and prey preference related to diet specialization? | we tested whether specialist and generalist phytoseiid mites differ in aggressiveness and prey choice in cannibalism and intraguild predation. specialists tested were galendromus occidentalis, neoseiulus longispinosus, phytoseiulus persimilis, and p. macropilis; generalists tested were amblyseius andersoni, euseius finlandicus, e. hibisci, kampimodromus aberrans, neoseiulus barkeri, n. californicus, n. cucumeris, nm fallacis, and typhlodromus pyri. aggressiveness of cannibalistic females against ... | 2000 | 11227828 |
| emission of volatile organic compounds by apple trees under spider mite attack and attraction of predatory mites. | emission rates of volatile organic compounds (vocs) from pirus malus l. subsp. mitis (wallr.) var. golden delicious and var. starking attacked by the phytophagous mite panonychus ulmi koch, and their attractiveness to the predatory mites amblyseius andersoni chant and amblyseius californicus mcgregor, were studied during three years. a large variability was found in the emission of individual vocs depending on the infestation, the apple tree variety and the date. there were larger total voc emis ... | 2001 | 11508530 |
| species association among predaceous and phytophagous apple mites (acari: eriophyidae, phytoseiidae, stigmaeidae, tetranychidae). | predator-predator, predator-prey, and prey-prey associations among nine species of mites were studied in a plot of 100 'red delicious' apple (malus pumila miller) trees from 1990 to 1997. in 1990, seven-year-old trees were inoculated with panonychus ulmi (koch), tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) or both, and sprayed with azinphosmethyl (alone or plus endosulfan), or nothing. the species zetzellia mali (ewing) (acari: stigmaeidae), amblyseius andersoni chant (acari: phytoseiidae), e ... | 2001 | 11513362 |
| toxicity of imidacloprid to galendromus occidentalis, neoseiulus fallacis and amblyseius andersoni (acari: phytoseiidae) from hops in washington state, usa. | the toxicity of systemic and spray formulations of imidacloprid to galendromus occidentalis nesbitt, neoseiulus fallacis garman and amblyseius andersoni (chant) from hop yards in washington state was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. the field rate of imidacloprid for hop aphids (0.13 g a.i. l) was highly toxic (100% mortality) to g. occidentalis and n. fallacis but less so (35.6% mortality) to a. andersoni. half and quarter rates were also highly toxic to g. occidentalis and n. fallacis (79.5- ... | 2003 | 14974692 |
| role of mites and thrips in the agrobiocoenosis of the soybean. | soy beans dangerous pests are mites and thrips, that is why the present paper aims at the examination of the changes in their numbers and dominance relations of some varieties of different maturity groups. the small plot experiments were conducted in kisalföld region with the following soybean varieties: early ripening bólyi 38, evans, mccall, middle ripening bólyi 45 and late ripening eszter, zsuzsanna and borza, in mosonmagyaróvár. mites and thrips were collected every week with berlese-extrac ... | 2003 | 15149112 |
| amblyseius andersoni chant (acari: phytoseiidae), a successful predatory mite on rosa spp. | roses on commercial nurseries commonly suffer from attacks by the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae, which have a negative influence on growth and quality. the aim of this project is to find natural enemies that are well adapted to roses, and may improve biological control. at different sites such as a plant collection garden, public parks and field boundaries, leaves were sampled from roses to identify the indigenous species of predatory mites. amblyseius andersoni was amongst other ... | 2004 | 15759407 |
| the effects of fungicides on non-target mites can be mediated by plant pathogens. | field tests are useful for the evaluation of the pesticides' impact in realistic use situations. however, the distinction between the direct and indirect effects of a pesticide is not always possible in field, with consequences on the conclusions about pesticides toxicity. generalist predatory mites belonging to the phytoseiidae family are widely considered as non-target organisms in pesticide side-effect evaluations. plant pathogens of several cultivated plants can be of importance as food reso ... | 2010 | 20172588 |
| threat-sensitive anti-intraguild predation behaviour: maternal strategies to reduce offspring predation risk in mites. | predation is a major selective force for the evolution of behavioural characteristics of prey. predation among consumers competing for food is termed intraguild predation (igp). from the perspective of individual prey, igp differs from classical predation in the likelihood of occurrence because ig prey is usually more rarely encountered and less profitable because it is more difficult to handle than classical prey. it is not known whether igp is a sufficiently strong force to evolve interspecifi ... | 2011 | 21317973 |
| Sex-specific developmental plasticity of generalist and specialist predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in response to food stress. | We studied developmental plasticity under food stress in three female-biased size dimorphic predatory mite species, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus, and Amblyseius andersoni. All three species prey on two-spotted spider mites but differ in the degree of adaptation to this prey. Phytoseiulus persimilis is a specialized spider mite predator, N. californicus is a generalist with a preference for spider mites, and A. andersoni is a broad generalist. Immature predators were offered p ... | 2011 | 22003259 |
| integration of multiple intraguild predator cues for oviposition decisions by a predatory mite. | in mutual intraguild predation (igp), the role of individual guild members is strongly context dependent and, during ontogeny, can shift from an intraguild (ig) prey to a food competitor or to an ig predator. consequently, recognition of an offspring's predator is more complex for ig than classic prey females. thus, ig prey females should be able to modulate their oviposition decisions by integrating multiple ig predator cues and by experience. using a guild of plant-inhabiting predatory mites s ... | 2012 | 23264692 |
| the interaction of two-spotted spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch, with cry protein production and predation by amblyseius andersoni (chant) in cry1ac/cry2ab cotton and cry1f maize. | crops producing insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), are an important tool for managing lepidopteran pests on cotton and maize. however, the effects of these bt crops on non-target organisms, especially natural enemies that provide biological control services, are required to be addressed in an environmental risk assessment. amblyseius andersoni (acari: phytoseiidae) is a cosmopolitan predator of the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae (ac ... | 2016 | 26545599 |
| effects of potential food sources on biological and demographic parameters of the predatory mites kampimodromus aberrans, typhlodromus pyri and amblyseius andersoni. | kampimodromus aberrans, typhlodromus pyri and amblyseius andersoni are generalist predatory mites important in controlling tetranychid and eriophyoid mites in european vineyards. they can persist by exploiting various non-prey foods when their main prey is absent or scarce. a comparative analysis of the effects of various prey and non-prey foods on the life history of these predators is lacking. in the laboratory, predatory mites were reared on herbivorous mites (panonychus ulmi, eotetranychus c ... | 2012 | 22836719 |
| toxicity of pesticides to predatory mites and insects in apple-tree site under field conditions. | various applications of active ingredients of six fungicides and three insecticides and acaricides at normally recommended dosages were tested on two predatory mite species (amblyseius andersoni chant and anthoseius bakeri garman) from the family phytoseiidae and on two predatory insect species (coccinella septempunctata l. chrysopa perla l.) dominantly present on apple trees. small differences were found between fungicide treatments. on the trees treated with six fungicide applications the pred ... | 2004 | 15269898 |
| host plant manipulation of natural enemies: leaf domatia protect beneficial mites from insect predators. | acarodomatia are small tufts of hair or invaginations in the leaf surface and are frequently inhabited by several taxa of non-plant-feeding mites. for many years, ecologists have hypothesized that these structures represent a mutualistic association between mites and plants where the mites benefit the plant by reducing densities of phytophagous arthropods and epiphytic microorganisms, and domatia benefit the mite by providing protection from stressful environmental conditions, other predaceous a ... | 2001 | 28547239 |
| a fundamental step in ipm on grapevine: evaluating the side effects of pesticides on predatory mites. | knowledge on side effects of pesticides on non-target beneficial arthropods is a key point in integrated pest management (ipm). here we present the results of four experiments conducted in vineyards where the effects of chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, indoxacarb, flufenoxuron, and tebufenozide were evaluated on the generalist predatory mites typhlodromus pyri scheuten and amblyseius andersoni (chant), key biocontrol agents of herbivorous mites on grapevines. results show that indoxacarb and tebufeno ... | 2015 | 26466903 |
| maternal intraguild predation risk affects offspring anti-predator behavior and learning in mites. | predation risk is a strong selective force shaping prey morphology, life history and behavior. anti-predator behaviors may be innate, learned or both but little is known about the transgenerational behavioral effects of maternally experienced predation risk. we examined intraguild predation (igp) risk-induced maternal effects on offspring anti-predator behavior, including learning, in the predatory mite phytoseiulus persimilis. we exposed predatory mite mothers during egg production to presence ... | 2015 | 26449645 |
| predation on heterospecific larvae by adult females of kampimodromus aberrans, amblyseius andersoni, typhlodromus pyri and phytoseius finitimus (acari: phytoseiidae). | the predatory mites kampimodromus aberrans (oudemans), amblyseius andersoni (chant), typhlodromus pyri scheuten and phytoseius finitimus ribaga are important biological control agents in orchards and vineyards in europe and elsewhere. they can coexist in the same habitat and engage in intraguild predation (igp). in the laboratory we evaluated the longevity, fecundity and prey consumption of females of these predatory mites fed with heterospecific larvae considered as intraguild prey (ig-prey). t ... | 2015 | 26154593 |
| food stress causes sex-specific maternal effects in mites. | life history theory predicts that females should produce few large eggs under food stress and many small eggs when food is abundant. we tested this prediction in three female-biased size-dimorphic predatory mites feeding on herbivorous spider mite prey: phytoseiulus persimilis, a specialized spider mite predator; neoseiulus californicus, a generalist preferring spider mites; amblyseius andersoni, a broad diet generalist. irrespective of predator species and offspring sex, most females laid only ... | 2015 | 26089530 |
| pest management systems affect composition but not abundance of phytoseiid mites (acari: phytoseiidae) in apple orchards. | we examined the faunal composition and abundance of phytoseiid mites (acari: phytoseiidae) in apple orchards under different pest management systems in hungary. a total of 30 apple orchards were surveyed, including abandoned and organic orchards and orchards where integrated pest management (ipm) or broad spectrum insecticides (conventional pest management) were applied. a total of 18 phytoseiid species were found in the canopy of apple trees. species richness was greatest in the organic orchard ... | 2014 | 24248910 |
| integration of multiple cues allows threat-sensitive anti-intraguild predator responses in predatory mites. | intraguild (ig) prey is commonly confronted with multiple ig predator species. however, the ig predation (igp) risk for prey is not only dependent on the predator species, but also on inherent (intraspecific) characteristics of a given ig predator such as its life-stage, sex or gravidity and the associated prey needs. thus, ig prey should have evolved the ability to integrate multiple ig predator cues, which should allow both inter- and intraspecific threat-sensitive anti-predator responses. usi ... | 2013 | 23750040 |
| from repulsion to attraction: species- and spatial context-dependent threat sensitive response of the spider mite tetranychus urticae to predatory mite cues. | prey perceiving predation risk commonly change their behavior to avoid predation. however, antipredator strategies are costly. therefore, according to the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis, prey should match the intensity of their antipredator behaviors to the degree of threat, which may depend on the predator species and the spatial context. we assessed threat sensitivity of the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae, to the cues of three predatory mites, phytoseiulus persimi ... | 2013 | 23644512 |
| biological control of eotetranychus lewisi and tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) on strawberry by four phytoseiids (acari: phytoseiidae). | the spider mite, eotetranychus lewisi (mcgregor) (acari: tetranychidae), is a new emerging pest in california commercial strawberries. the predatory mite phytoseiulus persimilis (athias-henriot) (acari: phytoseiidae), typically used for biocontrol of tetranychus urticae (koch) (acari: tetranychidae), provided growers little to no control of e. lewisi. four commonly used phytoseiid predatory mites: p. persimilis, neoseiulus californicus (mcgregor), n. fallacis (garman), and amblyseius andersoni ( ... | 2013 | 23448018 |
| phenotypic plasticity in anti-intraguild predator strategies: mite larvae adjust their behaviours according to vulnerability and predation risk. | interspecific threat-sensitivity allows prey to maximize the net benefit of antipredator strategies by adjusting the type and intensity of their response to the level of predation risk. this is well documented for classical prey-predator interactions but less so for intraguild predation (igp). we examined threat-sensitivity in antipredator behaviour of larvae in a predatory mite guild sharing spider mites as prey. the guild consisted of the highly vulnerable intraguild (ig) prey and weak ig pred ... | 2013 | 23104106 |
| social familiarity reduces reaction times and enhances survival of group-living predatory mites under the risk of predation. | social familiarity, which is based on the ability to recognise familiar conspecific individuals following prior association, may affect all major life activities of group-living animals such as foraging, reproduction and anti-predator behaviours. a scarcely experimentally tested explanation why social familiarity is beneficial for group-living animals is provided by limited attention theory. limited attention theory postulates that focusing on a given task, such as inspection and assessment of u ... | 2012 | 22927997 |
| behavioral responses to prey density by three acarine predator species with different degrees of polyphagy. | behavioral responses by three acarine predators, phytoseiulus persimilis, typhlodromus occidentalis, and amblyseius andersoni (acari: phytoseiidae), to different egg and webbing densities of the spider mite tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) on rose leaflets were studied in the laboratory. prey patches were delineated by t. urticae webbing and associated kairomones, which elicit turning back responses in predators near the patch edge. only the presence of webbing affected predator behavi ... | 1993 | 28313409 |
| spatial scale of aggregation in three acarine predator species with different degrees of polyphagy. | aggregative responses by the predatory mites, phytoseiulus persimilis, typhlodromus occidentalis, and amblyseius andersoni (acari: phytoseiidae), to spatial variation in the density of mobile stages of tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) were studied over different spatial scales on greenhouse roses. significant spatial variations in prey numbers per leaflet, per leaf, per branch or per plant were present in all experimental plots. none of the predator species responded to prey numbers pe ... | 1993 | 28313749 |
| foraging time and spatial patterns of predation in experimental populations : a comparative study of three mite predator-prey systems (acari: phytoseiidae, tetranychidae). | responses of the predaceous mites phytoseiulus persimilis, typhlodromus (=metaseiulus) occidentalis, and amblyseius andersoni to spatial variation in egg density of the phytophagous mite, tetranychus urticae, were studied in the laboratory.the oligophagous predator p. persimilis showed initially a direct density dependent foraging time allocation and variation in foraging time increased with prey density. with changes in prey density due to predation, predator foraging rates (per hour) decreased ... | 1992 | 28313713 |