| brassinosteroids interact negatively with jasmonates in the formation of anti-herbivory traits in tomato. | given the susceptibility of tomato plants to pests, the aim of the present study was to understand how hormones are involved in the formation of tomato natural defences against insect herbivory. tomato hormone mutants, previously introgressed into the same genetic background of reference, were screened for alterations in trichome densities and allelochemical content. ethylene, gibberellin, and auxin mutants indirectly showed alteration in trichome density, through effects on epidermal cell area. ... | 2009 | 19734261 |
| [effects of tomato genotypes and aqueous extracts of melia azedarach leaves and azadirachta indica seeds on tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae)]. | insecticide plants are an important tool among the new alternatives for pest control in ipm systems because they reduce the use of synthetic insecticides, preserving human health and the environment. we investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of melia azedarach leaves and azadirachta indica seeds and three tomato genotypes, 'santa clara', 'ipa-5'--solanum lycopersicum (=lycopersicon esculentum mill), and la444-1--s. peruvianum (=l. peruvianum), on the development, reproduction and longevity ... | 2010 | 21120389 |
| bioactivity of compounds from acmella oleracea against tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) and selectivity to two non-target species. | background: tropical plants are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that can be used for pest control. the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of compounds present in acmella oleracea (asteracea) against tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), which is the main pest of tomato crops in latin america. the selectivity of these compounds to the predator solenopsis saevissima (smith) (hymenoptera: formicidae) and to the pollinator tetragonisca angustula ( ... | 2011 | 21953851 |
| rna interference as a gene silencing tool to control tuta absoluta in tomato (solanum lycopersicum). | rna interference (rnai), a gene-silencing mechanism that involves providing double-stranded rna molecules that match a specific target gene sequence, is now widely used in functional genetic studies. the potential application of rnai-mediated control of agricultural insect pests has rapidly become evident. the production of transgenic plants expressing dsrna molecules that target essential insect genes could provide a means of specific gene silencing in larvae that feed on these plants, resultin ... | 2016 | 27994959 |
| de novo transcriptome assembly and analysis to identify potential gene targets for rnai-mediated control of the tomato leafminer (tuta absoluta). | providing double-stranded rna (dsrna) to insects has been proven to silence target genes, and this approach has emerged as a potential method to control agricultural pests by engineering plants to express insect dsrnas. a critical step of this technology is the screening of effective target genes essential for insect development and/or survival. the tomato leafminer (tuta absoluta meyrick) is a major solanum lycopersicum (tomato) pest that causes significant yield losses and has recently invaded ... | 2015 | 26306628 |
| reproductive biology and functional response of dineulophus phtorimaeae, a natural enemy of the tomato moth, tuta absoluta. | the tomato moth, tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), is a major pest in south america and is at present an important invasive species in the mediterranean basin. the larval stadium mines leaves, stems, and fruits, and chemical control is the most used control method in both its original range and the invaded distribution regions. since current t. absoluta control strategies seem limited, biological control is a prominent tool to be applied abroad. the naturally occurring larval ectoparasit ... | 2012 | 23464576 |
| biological control strategies for the south american tomato moth (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) in greenhouse tomatoes. | the south american tomato pinworm, tuta absoluta (meyrick) has been introduced into new geographic areas, including the mediterranean region, where it has become a serious threat to tomato production. three greenhouse trials conducted in tomato crops during 2009 and 2010 explored control strategies using the egg-parasitoid trichogramma achaeae nagaraja and nagarkatti compared with chemical control. the effectiveness of the predator nesidiocoris tenuis (reuter) was also tested. in greenhouses wit ... | 2012 | 23356074 |
| Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2011-30 September 2011. | This article documents the addition of 299 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) EPIC primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources (MER) Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alosa pseudoharengus, Alosa aestivalis, Aphis spiraecola, Argopecten purpuratus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Garra gotyla, Hippodamia convergens, Linnaea borealis, Menippe mercenaria, Menippe adina, Parus major, Pinus densiflora, Portunus trituberculatus, Procontar ... | 2012 | 22136175 |
| neochrysocharis formosa (westwood) (hymenoptera: eulophidae), a newly recorded parasitoid of the tomato moth, tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), in argentina. | we report the first record of neochrysocharis formosa (westwood) parasitizing larvae of the tomato moth, tuta absoluta (meyrick), in tomato crops in northern buenos aires province, argentina. tomato moth larvae were sampled during four consecutive growing cycles, between 2003 and 2005, in 10 sites. neochrysocharis formosa was present only in organic outdoor and protected crops, and predominantly during the late season. parasitism rates varied from 1.5% to 5%. the finding of this species is a new ... | 2011 | 21710041 |
| control failure likelihood and spatial dependence of insecticide resistance in the tomato pinworm, tuta absoluta. | insecticide resistance is a likely cause of field control failures of tuta absoluta, but the subject has been little studied. therefore, resistance to ten insecticides was surveyed in seven representative field populations of this species. the likelihood of control failures was assessed, as well as weather influence and the spatial dependence of insecticide resistance. | 2011 | 21394881 |
| [selection of isolates of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) and their compatibility with insecticides used in tomato crop]. | the activity of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana towards eggs and larvae of tuta absoluta (meyrick) was evaluated. our data showed that the isolates were pathogenic to both developmental stages tested and the eggs were more susceptible than the 1st instars. the isolates urpe-6 and urpe-19 of m. anisopliae were more pathogenic to eggs and larvae, respectively. the compatibility of these two isolates with the insecticides chlorfenapyr, spinosad, indoxacarb, abamectin, and neem were ev ... | 2010 | 21271067 |
| [bioactivity of trichilia pallida swartz (meliaceae) derived molecules on tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae)]. | dichloromethane (dic) leaf and fruit extracts of trichiliapallida swartz were obtained for the isolation and identification of molecules with insecticidal activity against the tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta (meyrick). dic leaf extracts of t. pallida yielded six compounds, the triterpenes 24-methylenecycloarta-3beta-ol (trit-1), 24-methylenecycloarta-3beta-26-diol (trit-2) and cycloarta-23-eno-3beta,25-diol (trit-3), the sterols 24-methylene-3,22-dihydroxycholesterol (est-1), 24-methylenecholest ... | 2008 | 19169560 |
| ultrastructure of tuta absoluta parasitized eggs and the reproductive potential of females after parasitism by metarhizium anisopliae. | among the microorganisms used in biological control, the muscadine fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. is produced and formulated world wide aiming to control pests from several agricultural crops. this work evaluated effects of m. anisopliae isolate ufrpe-6 on the fecundity and mortality of tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) females and the mechanism of infection on eggs. the infection of the females by the fungus did not affect their oviposition and fecundity; however it affec ... | 2009 | 18789707 |
| [occurrence of the mite pyemotes sp. (acari: pyemotidae) in insect rearing in laboratory]. | pyemotidae mites have been reported as ectoparasites of a large number of arthropods, especially of insects. these mites are frequently found attacking insects in different habitats, including insect rearing. this paper reports the occurrence of pyemotes sp., ventricosus group, in colonies of tuta absoluta (meyerick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), anagasta kuehniella (zeller) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and sitophilus zeamais motschulsky (coleoptera: curculionidae), in the insect rearing laboratory of ... | 2006 | 17061810 |
| expression of a bacillus thuringiensisdelta-endotoxin cry1ab gene in bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis strains that naturally colonize the phylloplane of tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum, mills). | to introduce a cry gene into microorganisms that naturally colonize the phylloplane of tomato plants to improve the persistence of the cry proteins for controlling a south american tomato moth (tuta absoluta, meyrick, 1917). | 2003 | 12588545 |
| [population growth rate of the depredating podisus nigrispinus (heteroptera: pentatomidae) and of the tuta absoluta (leptoptera: gelechiidae) in wintering place]. | the fertility life table of podisus nigrispinus (dallas) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) preying either on tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) caterpillars or on alternative prey tenebrio molitor l. (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) under greenhouse conditions (30 +/- 5 degrees c, 61 +/- 23% rh) were studied. the life table was also determined for the pest t. absoluta under the same conditions. the net reproductive rate (ro) and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) were higher 14.13 ... | 2002 | 12298240 |
| qualitative and quantitative differences in herbivore-induced plant volatile blends from tomato plants infested by either tuta absoluta or bemisia tabaci. | plants release a variety of volatile organic compounds that play multiple roles in the interactions with other plants and animals. natural enemies of plant-feeding insects use these volatiles as cues to find their prey or host. here, we report differences between the volatile blends of tomato plants infested with the whitefly bemisia tabaci or the tomato borer tuta absoluta. we compared the volatile emission of: (1) clean tomato plants; (2) tomato plants infested with t. absoluta larvae; and (3) ... | 2017 | 28050733 |
| efficacy of enthomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae against tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae). | the tomato borer tuta absoluta meyrick is a serious tomato pest that has lately undergone a rapid expansion, causing severe crop losses. an integrated management is required to control this insect, within which biological control is now beginning to play a key role. in this regard, the effectiveness of a liquid formulation based on strains of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae variety anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin (4.46 x 10(9) viable conidia per milliliter), applied together with irrigation ... | 2014 | 24665693 |
| nematode root herbivory in tomato increases leaf defenses and reduces leaf miner oviposition and performance. | the outcome of plant-mediated interactions among herbivores from several feeding guilds has been studied intensively. however, our understanding on the effects of nematode root herbivory on leaf miner oviposition behavior and performance remain limited. in this study, we evaluated whether meloidogyne incognita root herbivory affects tuta absoluta oviposition preference on solanum lycopersicum plants and the development of the resulting offspring. to investigate the m. incognita-herbivory induced ... | 2017 | 28084560 |
| efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against larvae of tuta absoluta in the laboratory. | previous studies have indicated the control potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) against tuta absoluta. here, the potential of steinernema feltiae, s. carpocapsae and heterorhabditis bacteriophora is studied when applied against larvae of t. absoluta inside leaf mines in tomato leaf discs by means of an automated spray boom. | 2016 | 26620187 |
| screening and identification of a bacillus thuringiensis strain s1/4 with large and efficient insecticidal activities. | the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis was recognized for its entomopathogenic activities related to cry and cyt proteins forming the δ-endotoxins and some extracellular activities like the vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) and cry1i. these activities may act specifically against diverse organisms and some of them typically characterize each strain. here, we screened a set of 212 b. thuringiensis strains to search the higher insecticidal activities. these strains had bipyramidal and cubic cry ... | 2013 | 22915162 |
| efficiency and midgut histopathological effect of the newly isolated bacillus thuringiensis ks δ-endotoxins on the emergent pest tuta absoluta. | tuta absoluta (povolny, 1994) is a devastating moth to the solanaceae plants. it is a challenging pest to control, especially on tomatoes. in this work, we studied the entomopathogenic activity of the cry-forming δ-endotoxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis strain ks and b. thuringiensis kurstaki reference strain hd1 against t. absoluta. these strains carried the cry2, cry1ab, cry1aa / cry1ac, and cry1i genes, and ks also carried a cry1c gene. the δ-endotoxins of ks were approximately twofold ... | 2013 | 23727813 |
| do biopesticides affect the demographic traits of a parasitoid wasp and its biocontrol services through sublethal effects? | pesticide risk assessments are usually based on short-term acute toxicity tests, while longer-term population dynamic related traits, critical to the success of biological control and integrated pest management (ipm) programs, are often overlooked. this is increasingly important with respect to new biopesticides that frequently cause no short-term acute effects, but that can induce multiple physiological and behavioral sublethal effects, leading to a decrease in population growth and ecosystem s ... | 2013 | 24098793 |
| toxicity, activation process, and histopathological effect of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein vip3aa16 on tuta absoluta. | tuta absoluta is a destructive moth of solanaceae plants and especially tomatoes. here, we considered the entomopathogenic activity of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa16 protein heterologously produced by escherichia coli against t. absoluta. purified vip3aa16 showed lower lethal concentration 50 % against third instar larvae (toxin/tomato leaf) (335 ± 17 ng/cm(2)) compared to that of b. thuringiensis kurstaki hd1 δ-endotoxins (955 ± 4 ng/cm(2)) (p < 0.05). action mode examination showed that v ... | 2015 | 25432339 |
| involvement of the processing step in the susceptibility/tolerance of two lepidopteran larvae to bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1a toxins are known for their effectiveness against lepidopteran insects. in this study, the entomopathogenic activity of cry1aa was investigated against two lepidopteran larvae causing serious threat to various crops, spodoptera littoralis and tuta absoluta. contrarily to s. littoralis, which showed low susceptibility to cry1aa (40% mortality with 1μg/cm(2)), t. absoluta was very sensitive to this delta-endotoxin (lc50 of 95.8ng/cm(2)). the different steps in the ... | 2016 | 26821657 |
| investigation of larvae digestive β-glucosidase and proteases of the tomato pest tuta absoluta for inhibiting the insect development. | the tomato leaf miner tuta absoluta is one of the most devastating pests for tomato crops. digestive proteases and β-glucosidase enzymes were investigated using general and specific substrates and inhibitors. maximal β-glucosidase and proteolytic activities occurred at temperature and ph optima of 30 and 40°c, 5 and 10-11 unit of ph, respectively. zymogram analysis showed the presence of distinguished β-glucosidase exhibiting a specific activity of about 183 ± 15 µmol min-1 mg-1. in vitro inhibi ... | 2016 | 26898349 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of some chemical and biological insecticides on tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) eggs and neonates. | tuta absoluta (meyrick) is one of the serious pests of tomatoes. this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of some chemical and biological insecticides on t. absoluta . the insecticides tested were diazinon, dichlorvos, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, abamectin, indoxacarb, bacillus thuringiensis berliner, beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin, and metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin. sublethal effects for the most effective insecticides ... | 2017 | 28334249 |
| population growth parameters of tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) on tomato plant using organic substrate and biofertilizers. | the tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta (meyrick) is a devastating pest associated with tomato. in this study, effects of tomato plants treated with vermicompost (20, 40, and 60%), humic fertilizer (2, 4 and 6 g/kg soil) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus subtilis) were investigated on the life table parameters of t. absoluta in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2 °c, 65 ± 5% rh, and 16:8 (l:d) h. significant differences were found for the total developmental time, ... | 2017 | 28355477 |
| bacillus amyloliquefaciens ag1 biosurfactant: putative receptor diversity and histopathological effects on tuta absoluta midgut. | the use of biosurfactant in pest management has received much attention for the control of plant pathogens, but few studies reported their insecticidal activity. the present study describes the insecticidal activity of biosurfactant extracted from bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain ag1. this strain produces a lipopeptide biosurfactant exhibiting an lc50 of about 180ng/cm(2) against tuta absoluta larvae. accordingly, the histopathologic effect of this biosurfactant on t. absoluta larvae showed ser ... | 2015 | 26299754 |
| does plant cultivar difference modify the bottom-up effects of resource limitation on plant-insect herbivore interactions? | variation in resource input to plants triggers bottom-up effects on plant-insect herbivore interactions. however, variation in plant intrinsic traits in response to resource availability may modify the bottom-up effects. furthermore, the consequences also may depend on the feeding strategy of insect herbivores belonging to different feeding guilds. we evaluated the performance of two insect herbivores from distinct feeding guilds, the leaf miner tuta absoluta and the phloem feeder bemisia tabaci ... | 2016 | 27889865 |
| toxicity of insecticides to populations of tomato borer tuta absoluta (meyrick) from greece. | tuta absoluta (meyrick), in only a few years, has become a serious threat to global tomato production. depending on the cropping system and infestation pressure, t. absoluta control may rely heavily on insecticide applications. by means of a validated irac bioassay method, the toxicity of all insecticides registered for t. absoluta control in greece has been estimated. a non-registered pyrethroid insecticide was also included in this study. | 2012 | 23757288 |
| life-history traits of macrolophus pygmaeus with different prey foods. | macrolophus pygmaeus rambur (hemiptera: miridae) is a generalist predatory mirid widely used in augmentative biological control of various insect pests in greenhouse tomato production in europe, including the invasive tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera, gelechiidae). however, its biocontrol efficacy often relies on the presence of alternative prey. the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of various prey foods (ephestia kuehniella eggs, bemisia tabaci nymphs, tuta abs ... | 2016 | 27870857 |
| do nymphs and adults of three neotropical zoophytophagous mirids damage leaves and fruits of tomato? | the predators macrolophus basicornis (stal), engytatus varians (distant) and campyloneuropsis infumatus (carvalho) consume large numbers of tomato pests such as bemisia tabaci (gennadius) and tuta absoluta (meyrick). however, they are zoophytophagous and feed on plant parts as well. we evaluated the type and effect of injury caused by nymphs and adults of these mirids on tomato seedlings and fruit in the absence of prey. for each mirid species, seedlings were exposed to groups of 20 nymphs or ad ... | 2017 | 27573581 |
| control of the tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), in open-field tomatoes by indigenous natural enemies occurring in israel. | the tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta (meyrick), had established in israel by 2010, attacking both open-field tomatoes and greenhouse crops.we searched for its natural enemies in open-field tomatoes, and tried to determine their potential for controlling this pest. we surveyed the local natural enemies in open tomato fields and measured their impact on pest populations in an unsprayed field. we assessed the suppressive ability of the dominant hemipteran predator, nesidiocoris tenuis reuter, agains ... | 2016 | 26567332 |
| preference and prey switching in a generalist predator attacking local and invasive alien pests. | invasive pest species may strongly affect biotic interactions in agro-ecosystems. the ability of generalist predators to prey on new invasive pests may result in drastic changes in the population dynamics of local pest species owing to predator-mediated indirect interactions among prey. on a short time scale, the nature and strength of such indirect interactions depend largely on preferences between prey and on predator behavior patterns. under laboratory conditions we evaluated the prey prefere ... | 2013 | 24312646 |
| spatiotemporal patterns of induced resistance and susceptibility linking diverse plant parasites. | induced defenses mediate interactions between parasites sharing the same host plant, but the outcomes of these interactions are challenging to predict because of spatiotemporal variation in plant responses and differences in defense pathways elicited by herbivores or pathogens. dissecting these mediating factors necessitates an approach that encompasses a diversity of parasitic feeding styles and tracks interactions over space and time. we tested indirect plant-mediated relationships across thre ... | 2013 | 23851986 |
| adaptation of indigenous larval parasitoids to tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) in italy. | tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) is a serious threat to tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) crops in south america. in europe, after its first detection in spain in 2006, it rapidly spread through the mediterranean basin, reaching italy 2 yr later. the aim of our work was to find indigenous effective biological control agents and to evaluate their potential role in the control of larval populations of t. absoluta in controlled conditions. nine species of larval parasitoids emerged ... | 2012 | 22928311 |
| parasitoids of tuta absoluta (meyrick, 1917) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) collected on tomato plants in lavras, state of minas gerais, brazil. | the objective of this paper was to report on the occurrence of parasitoids of tuta absoluta meyrick (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) on tomato plants, under greenhouse conditions, in lavras county (21 degrees 14'43"s; 44 degrees 59'59"w), state of minas gerais, brazil, from august 2001 to february 2002. three groups of parasitoids were collected: 21 specimens of bracon sp. (braconidae), one specimen of earinus sp. (braconidae), and 13 specimens of conura sp. (chalcididae). the rate of parasitism for t ... | 2004 | 15622852 |
| can the parasitoid necremnus tutae (hymenoptera: eulophidae) improve existing biological control of the tomato leafminer tuta aboluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae)? | necremnus tutae is native to the mediterranean region where it has been observed in greenhouses parasitizing the invasive tuta absoluta on tomato. the objective of the present study was to determine whether augmentative releases of n. tutae can improve existing biological control of t. absoluta based on predation by nesidicoris tenuis. two experiments were carried out, of which the first evaluated different n. tutae release rates (1 and 2 n. tutae m-2 week-1). the parasitoid reduced plant and fr ... | 2016 | 27121181 |
| suitability of the pest-plant system tuta absoluta (lepidoptera: gelechiidae)-tomato for trichogramma (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) parasitoids and insights for biological control. | the south american tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta meyrick (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), is a major pest that has recently invaded afro-eurasia. biological control, especially by trichogramma parasitoids, is considered to be promising as a management tool for this pest. however, further development of trichogramma-based biocontrol strategies would benefit from assessing the impact of released parasitoid offspring on the pest. under laboratory conditions, we 1) compared the parasitism of five trich ... | 2013 | 24498728 |
| functional responses of three neotropical mirid predators to eggs of tuta absoluta on tomato. | tuta absoluta (meyrick) has quickly developed into a significant tomato pest worldwide. while the recently found mirid predators macrolophus basicornis (stal), engytatus varians (distant) and campyloneuropsis infumatus (carvalho) of this pest are able to establish and reproduce on tomato, biological knowledge of these mirids is still limited. here we describe the functional response of the three mirid predators of the tomato pest t. absoluta when offered a range of prey densities (four, eight, 1 ... | 2016 | 27420099 |
| native larval parasitoids associated with tuta absoluta (meyrick) in greenhouse tomato crops of southern sardinia. | since its first detection in sardinia (italy), tuta absoluta (meyrick) has been reported as a major pest of greenhouse tomatoes. in recent years, however, a tendency toward a progressive reduction of tomato borer infestation levels has been observed. the reasons behind this decline are probably diverse, including both the increase in growers' ability to manage the pest and the adaptation of native predators and parasitoids to the new prey/host. in order to assess the species composition of the p ... | 2014 | 26084097 |