| attachment of mouse hepatitis virus to o-acetylated sialic acid is mediated by hemagglutinin-esterase and not by the spike protein. | the members of betacoronavirus phylocluster a possess two types of surface projections, one comprised of the spike protein (s) and the other of hemagglutinin-esterase (he). purportedly, these viruses bind to o-acetylated sialic acids (o-ac-sias) primarily through s, with he serving merely as receptor-destroying enzyme. here, we show that, in apparent contrast to human and ungulate host range variants of betacoronavirus-1, murine coronaviruses actually bind to o-ac-sias via he exclusively. appare ... | 2010 | 20538854 |
| development of a panel of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for simultaneous detection of major agents causing calf diarrhea in feces. | calf diarrhea is a major economic burden to the bovine industry. since multiple infectious agents can be involved in calf diarrhea, and the detection of each of the causative agents by traditional methods is laborious and expensive, a panel of 2 multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays was developed for rapid and simultaneous detection of the 5 major bovine enteric pathogens (i.e., bovine coronavirus [bcov; formally known as betacoronavirus 1], group a bovine rotavirus [brv], s ... | 2010 | 20622219 |
| diagnostic investigation of porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome: lack of compelling evidence linking to common porcine pathogens. | porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (pfts), an increasingly recognized syndrome in the swine industry of north america, is characterized by the anorexia of nursery pigs noticeable within 1 week of weaning, and progressive loss of body condition and lethargy during the next 1-2 weeks. morbidity caused by pfts is moderate, but case fatality is high. the etiology of pfts is presently unknown and may include infectious agent(s), noninfectious factors, or both. pfts was identified in a hig ... | 2011 | 22362939 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel betacoronavirus subgroup a coronavirus, rabbit coronavirus hku14, from domestic rabbits. | we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel betacoronavirus subgroup a coronavirus, rabbit coronavirus hku14 (rbcov hku14), from domestic rabbits. the virus was detected in 11 (8.1%) of 136 rabbit fecal samples by reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr), with a viral load of up to 10(8) copies/ml. rbcov hku14 was able to replicate in hrt-18g and rk13 cells with cytopathic effects. northern blotting confirmed the production of subgenomic mrnas coding for the he, s, ns5a, e, m, and n prot ... | 2012 | 22398294 |
| first genome sequences of buffalo coronavirus from water buffaloes in bangladesh. | we report the complete genome sequences of a buffalo coronavirus (bufcov hku26) detected from the faecal samples of two domestic water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in bangladesh. they possessed 98-99% nucleotide identities to bovine coronavirus (bcov) genomes, supporting bufcov hku26 as a member of betacoronavirus 1. nevertheless, bufcov hku26 possessed distinct accessory proteins between spike and envelope compared to bcov. sugar-binding residues in the n-terminal domain of s protein in bcov are ... | 2016 | 27274850 |
| isolation and characterization of dromedary camel coronavirus uae-hku23 from dromedaries of the middle east: minimal serological cross-reactivity between mers coronavirus and dromedary camel coronavirus uae-hku23. | recently, we reported the discovery of a dromedary camel coronavirus uae-hku23 (dccov uae-hku23) from dromedaries in the middle east. in this study, dccov uae-hku23 was successfully isolated in two of the 14 dromedary fecal samples using hrt-18g cells, with cytopathic effects observed five days after inoculation. northern blot analysis revealed at least seven distinct rna species, corresponding to predicted subgenomic mrnas and confirming the core sequence of transcription regulatory sequence mo ... | 2016 | 27164099 |
| co-circulation of three camel coronavirus species and recombination of mers-covs in saudi arabia. | outbreaks of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) raise questions about the prevalence and evolution of the mers coronavirus (cov) in its animal reservoir. our surveillance in saudi arabia in 2014 and 2015 showed that viruses of the mers-cov species and a human cov 229e-related lineage co-circulated at high prevalence, with frequent co-infections in the upper respiratory tract of dromedary camels. viruses of the betacoronavirus 1 species, we found that dromedary camels share three cov species ... | 2016 | 26678874 |
| discovery of a novel coronavirus, china rattus coronavirus hku24, from norway rats supports the murine origin of betacoronavirus 1 and has implications for the ancestor of betacoronavirus lineage a. | we discovered a novel betacoronavirus lineage a coronavirus, china rattus coronavirus (chrcov) hku24, from norway rats in china. chrcov hku24 occupied a deep branch at the root of members of betacoronavirus 1, being distinct from murine coronavirus and human coronavirus hku1. its unique putative cleavage sites between nonstructural proteins 1 and 2 and in the spike (s) protein and low sequence identities to other lineage a betacoronaviruses (βcovs) in conserved replicase domains support chrcov h ... | 2015 | 25552712 |
| estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in australian live export cattle. | the prevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (brd) was investigated in cattle prior to export. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect nucleic acids from the following viruses and bacteria in nasal swab samples: bovine coronavirus (bocv; betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), his ... | 2015 | 25525134 |
| enteric disease in postweaned beef calves associated with bovine coronavirus clade 2. | bovine coronavirus (bocv; betacoronavirus 1) infections are associated with varied clinical presentations including neonatal diarrhea, winter dysentery in dairy cattle, and respiratory disease in various ages of cattle. the current report presents information on bocv infections associated with enteric disease of postweaned beef cattle in oklahoma. in 3 separate accessions from a single herd, 1 in 2012 and 2 in 2013, calves were observed with bloody diarrhea. one calf in 2012 died and was necrops ... | 2015 | 25428188 |
| mortality of live export cattle on long-haul voyages: pathologic changes and pathogens. | the cause of death in 215 cattle on 20 long-haul live export voyages from australia to the middle east, russia, and china was investigated between 2010 and 2012 using gross, histologic, and/or molecular pathology techniques. a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay was used to detect nucleic acids from viruses and bacteria known to be associated with respiratory disease in cattle: bovine coronavirus (betacoronavirus 1), bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral dia ... | 2014 | 24518275 |
| comparison of bovine coronavirus-specific and bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibodies in serum versus milk samples detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | bovine coronavirus (bcv; betacoronavirus 1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) are significant causes of enteric and respiratory disease in beef and dairy cattle throughout the world. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are widely used to detect serum antibodies for herd monitoring and prevalence studies. in dairy herds, milk is more readily collected than serum. hence, in order to investigate the test agreement between serum and milk, both serum and milk samples from 105 cows ... | 2014 | 24309318 |
| human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies. | the coronaviridae family, an enveloped rna virus family, and, more particularly, human coronaviruses (hcov), were historically known to be responsible for a large portion of common colds and other upper respiratory tract infections. hcov are now known to be involved in more serious respiratory diseases, i.e. bronchitis, bronchiolitis or pneumonia, especially in young children and neonates, elderly people and immunosuppressed patients. they have also been involved in nosocomial viral infections. ... | 2012 | 23202515 |
| evaluation of a commercial rapid test kit for detecting bovine enteric pathogens in feces. | recently a commercial antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in the form of a dipstick (bovine enterichek, biovet inc.) was made available to bovine practitioners and producers for the rapid detection of betacoronavirus 1 (bcv-1), rotavirus a (rv-a), escherichia coli k99(+), and cryptosporidium parvum in feces from diarrheic calves. the diagnostic performance of bovine enterichek was evaluated in comparison with a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (mrtpcr). one h ... | 2012 | 22529125 |
| rapid detection of betacoronavirus 1 from clinical fecal specimens by a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | betacoronavirus 1 (bcov-1) is an important pathogen causing diarrhea in calves. in the current study, a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for rapid detection of bcov-1 was successfully developed. the primers were designed to target the highly conserved fragment of bcov-1 nucleocapsid gene. the assay displayed high specificity detecting only bcov-1 with no cross reaction with other viruses. when 418 clinical samples from 6 different geographical ar ... | 2012 | 22362949 |
| novel alphacoronaviruses and paramyxoviruses cocirculate with type 1 and severe acute respiratory system (sars)-related betacoronaviruses in synanthropic bats of luxembourg. | several infectious disease outbreaks with high mortality in humans have been attributed to viruses that are thought to have evolved from bat viruses. in this study from luxembourg, the genetic diversity and epidemiology of paramyxoviruses and coronaviruses shed by the bat species rhinolophus ferrumequinum and myotis emarginatus were evaluated. feces collection (n = 624) was performed longitudinally in a mixed-species colony in 2015 and 2016. in addition, feces (n = 254) were collected cross-sect ... | 2017 | 28710271 |
| discovery of a novel canine respiratory coronavirus support genetic recombination among betacoronavirus1. | although canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov) is an important respiratory pathogen that is prevalent in many countries, only one complete genome sequence of crcov (south korea strain k37) has been obtained to date. genome-wide analyses and recombination have rarely been conducted, as small numbers of samples and limited genomic characterization have previously prevented further analyses. herein, we report a unique crcov strain, denoted strain bj232, derived from a crcov-positive dog with a mil ... | 2017 | 28506792 |
| betacoronavirus 1 in alpacas (vicugna pacos) in the high peruvian andes. | genetic sequences highly related to bovine coronavirus (bcov) were detected in fecal samples from peruvian 1-3 week old alpaca crias located on six farms in puno department, some of which shared pastures with cattle. a total of 60 samples were screened for coronavirus using a nested pcr amplification of a fragment of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene. sequences from 11 positive samples were highly similar to the kakegawa, quebec and mebus bcov strains (99.5-100.0%) and 99.2% identical ... | 2015 | 32288207 |
| human coronaviruses oc43 and hku1 bind to 9-o-acetylated sialic acids via a conserved receptor-binding site in spike protein domain a. | human betacoronaviruses oc43 and hku1 are endemic respiratory pathogens and, while related, originated from independent zoonotic introductions. oc43 is in fact a host-range variant of the species betacoronavirus-1, and more closely related to bovine coronavirus (bcov)-its presumptive ancestor-and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (phev). the β1-coronaviruses (β1covs) and hku1 employ glycan-based receptors carrying 9-o-acetylated sialic acid (9-o-ac-sia). receptor binding is mediat ... | 2019 | 30679277 |