| [a strain of amaril virus isolated from aedes africanus in the ivory coast]. | the yellow fever virus has been isolated from a pool of aedes africanus caught on men in a region situated between forest and savannah near touba, in the ivory coast. this isolation, occurring at an interepidemic period, proves for the first time in west africa, the part played by this mosquito in the transmission of the yellow fever virus. | 1975 | 171098 |
| a yellow fever epizootic in zika forest, uganda, during 1972: part 1: virus isolation and sentinel monkeys. | the results of the yellow fever immunity survey of central and east africa reported by sawyer & whitman in 1936 prompted scientists to undertake well-planned epidemiological studies on yellow fever in eastern africa. a yellow fever research institute (the present east african virus research institute) was established at entebbe in 1936 for this purpose. one of the areas where much work has been carried out is a strip of typical tropical forest, the zika forest, 12 kilometres from the institute. ... | 1977 | 407675 |
| [the epidemiology of yellow fever in western africa]. | observations made during the epidemics in côte d'ivoire (1982), burkina faso (1983), nigeria (1986 and 1987) and mali (1987), together with studies conducted in the last 10 years, particularly in côte d'ivoire, now make it possible, without calling into question the dynamics of yellow fever virus circulation in space and time, to redefine some features of the pattern suggested in 1977 and refined on a number of occasions up to 1983. the endemicity area is still the region of epizootic and enzoot ... | 1991 | 2054923 |
| an outbreak of human semliki forest virus infections in central african republic. | semliki forest (sf) virus was responsible for an outbreak of febrile illnesses in bangui, central african republic (car), during october-december 1987. the virus was isolated at first from mosquitoes, mainly aedes africanus, collected august-october in a gallery forest 100 km from bangui. during october-december, 22 isolations of sf virus were made from serum samples collected from patients in bangui presenting with fever, severe persistent headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and a convalescence mark ... | 1990 | 2158754 |
| epidemic yellow fever in eastern nigeria, 1986. | an epidemic of yellow fever occurred in the eastern part of nigeria during the second half of 1986. oju, in benue state, was the most heavily affected region, but yellow fever also occurred in surrounding areas, particularly ogoja, in cross river state. in oju, the mean attack and mortality rates were 4.9% and 2.8%, respectively. sex and age specific rates were highest in males and in the 20-29 yr age group. the overall case fatality rate was approximately 50%. diagnosis was confirmed by igm cap ... | 1988 | 2894558 |
| investigations into yellow fever virus and other arboviruses in the northern regions of kenya. | previous studies having shown an appreciable level of yellow fever immunity to exist in northern kenya, further epidemiological and serological surveys were carried out there in 1968 in an attempt to define more clearly the distribution of yellow fever and to locate possible vector and reservoir hosts of the disease; these surveys also provided information on a number of other arboviruses.altogether 436 sera from 5 areas in northern kenya were screened by haemagglutination-inhibition tests with ... | 1970 | 4393661 |
| yellow fever and zika virus epizootics and enzootics in uganda. | data of monkey serology are presented which, together with past evidence, support the view that yellow fever (yf) virus circulates in its primary sylvan host populations, i.e., forest monkeys, in an enzootic state in bwamba county in western uganda but as series of epizootics in the forest-savanna mosaic zone of central uganda. evidence of an epizootic of zika virus at the zika forest near entebbe is described which occurred in two episodes, the first (in 1969) apparently following the build-up ... | 1982 | 6304948 |
| seasonal survival of aedes africanus (diptera: culicidae) in nigeria. | | 1983 | 6842521 |
| ecological studies on aedes africanus (diptera: culicidae) and associated species in southeastern nigeria. | | 1980 | 6893470 |
| [epidemiological study of arboviruses in the central african republic: demonstration of chikungunya virus during 1978 and 1979]. | from january 1978 to may 1979, the chikungunya virus came out in several places in south of central african republic. we isolated one strain of virus from a human serum and 33 from pools of aedes africanus group collected in two forest galleries situated near the village of bozo, in the semi-humid savanna. several serological conversions were observed in patients with fever joint pain and sometimes macular eruption. the intensive activity of chikungunya virus was confirmed by serological survey ... | 1980 | 7460128 |
| possible contributing factors to the paucity of yellow fever epidemics in the ashanti region of ghana, west africa. | yellow fever virus vectors identified in the ashanti region of ghana included aedes aegypti, aedes africanus, aedes luteocephalus and aedes vittatus. other mosquito species, unrelated to yellow fever transmission, identified in this study included culex tigripes, culex thalassius, culex decens, culex tarsalis, anopheles gambiae, anopheles stephansi and toxorynchites brevipalpis. factors generally known to influence yellow fever transmission were also studied in the ashanti region. these included ... | 1996 | 8625858 |
| [epidemiology of arbovirus diseases: use and value of physiologic age determination of female mosquito vectors]. | the physiological age of yellow fever aedes females in africa was studied during four years, from 1988 to 1992. we used a method, according to polovodova's method, which looks for the "yellow body" under natural light. those yellow bodies exist in the old females, the "parous" ones, and not in the young females, the "nulliparous" ones. we present some results to illustrate the interest of studying the physiological age of mosquitoes in the epidemiology of the arboviral diseases. the transmission ... | 1996 | 8924776 |
| first recorded outbreak of yellow fever in kenya, 1992-1993. ii. entomologic investigations. | the first recorded outbreak of yellow fever in kenya occurred from mid-1992 through march 1993 in the south kerio valley, rift valley province. we conducted entomologic studies in february-march 1993 to identify the likely vectors and determine the potential for transmission in the surrounding rural and urban areas. mosquitoes were collected by landing capture and processed for virus isolation. container surveys were conducted around human habitation. transmission was mainly in woodland of varyi ... | 1998 | 9790447 |
| [present status of an arbovirus infection: yellow fever, its natural history of hemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever]. | in the early 20th century, when it was discovered that the yellow fever virus was transmitted in its urban cycle by aedes aegypti, measures of control were introduced leading to its disappearance. progressive neglect of the disease, however, led to a new outbreak in 1927 during which the etiological agent was isolated; some years later a vaccine was discovered and yellow fever disappeared again. in the 1960s, rare cases of encephalitis were observed in young children after vaccination and the ad ... | 1999 | 10690474 |
| phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among yellow fever virus isolates in africa. | previous studies with a limited number of strains have indicated that there are two genotypes of yellow fever (yf) virus in africa, one in west africa and the other in east and central africa. we have examined the prm/m and a portion of the e protein for a panel of 38 wild strains of yf virus from africa representing different countries and times of isolation. examination of the strains revealed a more complex genetic relationship than previously reported. overall, nucleotide substitutions varie ... | 2001 | 11435580 |
| genetic relationships and evolution of genotypes of yellow fever virus and other members of the yellow fever virus group within the flavivirus genus based on the 3' noncoding region. | genetic relationships among flaviviruses within the yellow fever (yf) virus genetic group were investigated by comparing nucleotide sequences of the 3' noncoding region (3'ncr). size heterogeneity was observed between members and even among strains of the same viral species. size variation between yf strains was due to duplications and/or deletions of repeated nucleotide sequence elements (ryf). west african genotypes had three copies of the ryf (ryf1, ryf2, and ryf3); the angola and the east an ... | 2004 | 15331698 |
| dengue emergence and adaptation to peridomestic mosquitoes. | phylogenetic evidence suggests that endemic and epidemic dengue viruses (denv), transmitted among humans by the anthropophilic mosquitoes aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus, emerged when ancestral, sylvatic denv transmitted among nonhuman primates by sylvatic aedes mosquitoes adapted to these peridomestic vectors. we tested this hypothesis by retrospectively examining evidence for adaptation of epidemic and endemic versus sylvatic strains of denv-2 to ae. albopictus and ae. aegypti. first and seco ... | 2004 | 15504265 |
| size heterogeneity in the 3' noncoding region of south american isolates of yellow fever virus. | the 3' noncoding region (3' ncr) of flaviviruses contains secondary and tertiary structures essential for virus replication. previous studies of yellow fever virus (yfv) and dengue virus have found that modifications to the 3' ncr are sometimes associated with attenuation in vertebrate and/or mosquito hosts. the 3' ncrs of 117 isolates of south american yfv have been examined, and major deletions and/or duplications of conserved rna structures have been identified in several wild-type isolates. ... | 2005 | 15731274 |
| entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: a review. | fungal diseases in insects are common and widespread and can decimate their populations in spectacular epizootics. virtually all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases, including dipterans. fungal pathogens such as lagenidium, coelomomyces and culicinomyces are known to affect mosquito populations, and have been studied extensively. there are, however, many other fungi that infect and kill mosquitoes at the larval and/or adult stage. the discovery, in 1977, of the selective mosquito-pa ... | 2004 | 15861235 |
| surveillance of viral haemorrhagic fevers in ghana: entomological assessment of the risk of transmission in the northern regions. | summary | 2006 | 17496987 |
| using a climate-dependent model to predict mosquito abundance: application to aedes (stegomyia) africanus and aedes (diceromyia) furcifer (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes, acting as vectors, are involved in the transmission of viruses. thus, their abundances, which strongly depend on the weather and environment, are closely linked to major disease outbreaks. the aim of this paper is to provide a tool to predict vector abundance. in order to describe the dynamics of mosquito populations, we developed a matrix model integrating climate fluctuations. the population is structured in five stages: two egg stages (immature and mature), one larval stage and tw ... | 2008 | 17698422 |
| two chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of la reunion (indian ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, aedes albopictus. | a chikungunya (chik) outbreak hit la réunion island in 2005-2006. the implicated vector was aedes albopictus. here, we present the first study on the susceptibility of ae. albopictus populations to sympatric chikv isolates from la réunion island and compare it to other virus/vector combinations. | 2007 | 18000540 |
| genetic and serologic properties of zika virus associated with an epidemic, yap state, micronesia, 2007. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first isolated in uganda from a sentinel monkey in 1947. mosquito and sentinel animal surveillance studies have demonstrated that zikv is endemic to africa and southeast asia, yet reported human cases are rare, with <10 cases reported in the literature. in june 2007, an epidemic of fever and rash associated with zikv was detected in yap state, federated states of micronesia. we report the genetic and serologic properties of the zikv associated wit ... | 2008 | 18680646 |
| aedes albopictus mosquito: the main vector of the 2007 chikungunya outbreak in gabon. | the primary vector at the origin of the 2007 outbreak in libreville, gabon is identified as aedes albopictus, trapped around the nearby french military camp. the chikungunya virus was isolated from mosquitoes and found to be identical to the a226v circulating human strain. this is the first field study showing the role of the recently arrived species aedes albopictus in chikungunya virus transmission in central africa, and it demonstrates this species' role in modifying the epidemiological prese ... | 2009 | 19259263 |
| zika virus outside africa. | zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus related to yellow fever, dengue, west nile, and japanese encephalitis viruses. in 2007 zikv caused an outbreak of relatively mild disease characterized by rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis on yap island in the southwestern pacific ocean. this was the first time that zikv was detected outside of africa and asia. the history, transmission dynamics, virology, and clinical manifestations of zikv disease are discussed, along with the possibility for diagnostic con ... | 2009 | 19788800 |
| examining landscape factors influencing relative distribution of mosquito genera and frequency of virus infection. | mosquito-borne infections cause some of the most debilitating human diseases, including yellow fever and malaria, yet we lack an understanding of how disease risk scales with human-driven habitat changes. we present an approach to study variation in mosquito distribution and concomitant viral infections on the landscape level. in a pilot study we analyzed mosquito distribution along a 10-km transect of a west african rainforest area, which included primary forest, secondary forest, plantations, ... | 2009 | 19915916 |
| chikungunya outbreak in a rural area of western cameroon in 2006: a retrospective serological and entomological survey. | abstract: | 2010 | 20444282 |
| yellow fever: a reemerging threat. | yellow fever (yf) is a viral disease, endemic to tropical regions of africa and the americas, which principally affects humans and nonhuman primates and is transmitted via the bite of infected mosquitoes. yellow fever virus (yfv) can cause devastating epidemics of potentially fatal, hemorrhagic disease. despite mass vaccination campaigns to prevent and control these outbreaks, the risk of major yf epidemics, especially in densely populated, poor urban settings, both in africa and south america, ... | 2010 | 20513550 |
| orally co-infected aedes albopictus from la reunion island, indian ocean, can deliver both dengue and chikungunya infectious viral particles in their saliva. | first described in humans in 1964, reports of co-infections with dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses are increasing, particularly after the emergence of chikungunya (chik) in the indian ocean in 2005-2006 due to a new variant highly transmitted by aedes albopictus. in this geographic area, a dengue (den) outbreak transmitted by ae. albopictus took place shortly before the emergence of chik and co-infections were reported in patients. a co-infection in humans can occur following the bit ... | 2010 | 20544013 |
| entomological investigation and control of a chikungunya cluster in singapore. | in august 2008, a team from the national environmental agency conducted an entomological investigation of a chikungunya cluster in singapore, with the primary aim of identifying the vector responsible for the outbreak and to assess the vector control operation. a total of 173 adult mosquitoes were caught using both the sweep-net method and the bg sentinel traps in and around the affected workers' quarters. of these, 120 (69.4%) were aedes albopictus and the rest were culex quinquefasciatus. more ... | 2011 | 21395419 |
| chikungunya virus emergence is constrained in asia by lineage-specific adaptive landscapes. | adaptation of rna viruses to a new host or vector species often results in emergence of new viral lineages. however, lineage-specific restrictions on the adaptive processes remain largely unexplored. recently, a chikungunya virus (chikv) lineage of african origin emerged to cause major epidemics of severe, persistent, debilitating arthralgia in africa and asia. surprisingly, this new lineage is actively replacing endemic strains in southeast asia that have been circulating there for 60 y. this r ... | 2011 | 21518887 |
| biological and phylogenetic characteristics of yellow fever virus lineages from west africa. | the yellow fever virus (yfv), the first proven human-pathogenic virus, although isolated in 1927, is still a major public health problem, especially in west africa where it causes outbreaks every year. nevertheless, little is known about its genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics, mainly due to a limited number of genomic sequences from wild virus isolates. in this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of 24 full-length genomes from yfv strains isolated between 1973 and 2005 in ... | 2012 | 23269797 |
| zika virus: an update on epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology, and animal model. | zika virus (zikv) was first described in 1947, and became a health emergency problem in 2016 when its association with fetal microcephaly cases was confirmed by centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) in the united states. to date, zikv infection has been documented in 66 countries. zikv is recognized as a neurotropic virus and numerous diseases manifested in multiple neurological disorders have been described, mainly in countries that have been exposed to zikv after the 2007 outbreak i ... | 2016 | 27124623 |
| zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus. | to describe the temporal and geographical distribution of zika virus infection and associated neurological disorders, from 1947 to 1 february 2016, when zika became a public health emergency of international concern (pheic). | 2016 | 27708473 |
| emerging and re-emerging viruses: a global challenge illustrated by chikungunya virus outbreaks. | in recent decades, the issue of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially those related to viruses, has become an increasingly important area of concern in public health. it is of significance to anticipate future epidemics by accumulating knowledge through appropriate research and by monitoring their emergence using indicators from different sources. the objective is to alert and respond effectively in order to reduce the adverse impact on the general populations. most of the eme ... | 0 | 24175207 |
| ability of the encephalitic arbovirus semliki forest virus to cross the blood-brain barrier is determined by the charge of the e2 glycoprotein. | semliki forest virus (sfv) provides a well-characterized model system to study the pathogenesis of virus encephalitis. several studies have used virus derived from the molecular clone sfv4. sfv4 virus does not have the same phenotype as the closely related l10 or the prototype virus from which its molecular clone was derived. in mice, l10 generates a high-titer plasma viremia, is efficiently neuroinvasive, and produces a fatal panencephalitis, whereas low-dose sfv4 produces a low-titer viremia, ... | 2015 | 25972559 |
| evidence for endemic chikungunya virus infections in bandung, indonesia. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is known to cause sporadic or explosive outbreaks. however, little is known about the endemic transmission of chikv. to ascertain the endemic occurrence of chikv transmission, we tested blood samples from patients with a non-dengue febrile illness who participated in a prospective cohort study of factory workers in bandung, indonesia. from august 2000 to june 2004, and september 2006 to april 2008, 1901 febrile episodes occurred and 231 (12.2%) dengue cases were identif ... | 2013 | 24205417 |
| the role of environmental variables on aedes albopictus biology and chikungunya epidemiology. | aedes albopictus is a vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses in the field, along with around 24 additional arboviruses under laboratory conditions. as an invasive mosquito species, ae. albopictus has been expanding in geographical range over the past 20 years, although the poleward extent of mosquito populations is limited by winter temperatures. nonetheless, population densities depend on environmental conditions and since global climate change projections indicate increasing temperatures and ... | 0 | 23916332 |
| chikungunya virus and prospects for a vaccine. | in 2004, chikungunya virus (chikv) re-emerged from east africa to cause devastating epidemics of debilitating and often chronic arthralgia that have affected millions of people in the indian ocean basin and asia. more limited epidemics initiated by travelers subsequently occurred in italy and france, as well as human cases exported to most regions of the world, including the americas where chikv could become endemic. because chikv circulates during epidemics in an urban mosquito-human cycle, con ... | 0 | 23151166 |
| nucleotide composition of the zika virus rna genome and its codon usage. | rna viruses have genomes with a distinct nucleotide composition and codon usage. we present the global characteristics of the rna genome of zika virus (zikv), an emerging pathogen within the flavivirus genus. zikv was first isolated in 1947 in uganda, caused a widespread epidemic in south and central america and the caribbean in 2015 and has recently been associated with microcephaly in newborns. | 2016 | 27278486 |
| scoping review of the zika virus literature. | the global primary literature on zika virus (zikv) (n = 233 studies and reports, up to march 1, 2016) has been compiled using a scoping review methodology to systematically identify and characterise the literature underpinning this broad topic using methods that are documented, updateable and reproducible. our results indicate that more than half the primary literature on zikv has been published since 2011. the articles mainly covered three topic categories: epidemiology of zikv (surveillance an ... | 2016 | 27244249 |
| a susceptible mouse model for zika virus infection. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne pathogen which has recently spread beyond africa and into pacific and south american regions. despite first being detected in 1947, very little information is known about the virus, and its spread has been associated with increases in guillain-barre syndrome and microcephaly. there are currently no known vaccines or antivirals against zikv infection. progress in assessing interventions will require the development of animal models to test efficacies; however ... | 2016 | 27149521 |
| zika virus: new clinical syndromes and its emergence in the western hemisphere. | zika virus (zikv) had remained a relatively obscure flavivirus until a recent series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical complications brought this virus into the spotlight as causing an infection of global public health concern. in this review, we discuss the history and epidemiology of zikv infection, recent outbreaks in oceania and the emergence of zikv in the western hemisphere, newly ascribed complications of zikv infection, including guillain-barré syndrome and microce ... | 2016 | 26962217 |
| zika virus: the latest newcomer. | since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or re-emerging, virus threat almost every year: west nile, influenza a, avian flu, dengue, chikungunya, sars, mers, ebola, and now zika, the latest newcomer. zika virus (zikv), a flavivirus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, was identified in 1947 in a sentinel monkey in uganda, and later on in humans in nigeria. the virus was mainly confined to the african continent until it was detected in south-east asia the 1980's, t ... | 2016 | 27148186 |
| clinical and epidemiological characterization of laboratory-confirmed autochthonous cases of zika virus disease in mexico. | since 2014, autochthonous circulation of zika virus (zikv) in the americas was detected (easter island, chile). in may 2015, brazil confirmed autochthonous --transmission and in october of that year colombia reported their first cases. now more than 52 countries have reported cases, including mexico. to deal with this contingency in mexico, several surveillance systems, in addition to systems for vector-borne diseases were strengthened with the participation of all health institutions. also, th ... | 2016 | 27158557 |
| identify-isolate-inform: a tool for initial detection and management of zika virus patients in the emergency department. | first isolated in 1947 from a monkey in the zika forest in uganda, and from mosquitoes in the same forest the following year, zika virus has gained international attention due to concerns for infection in pregnant women potentially causing fetal microcephaly. more than one million people have been infected since the appearance of the virus in brazil in 2015. approximately 80% of infected patients are asymptomatic. an association with microcephaly and other birth defects as well as guillain-barre ... | 2016 | 27330653 |
| zika virus: diagnostics for an emerging pandemic threat. | zika virus (zikv) is anaedesmosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in brazil in 2015 and then rapidly spread throughout the tropical and subtropical americas. based on clinical criteria alone, zikv cannot be reliably distinguished from infections with other pathogens that cause an undifferentiated systemic febrile illness, including infections with two common arboviruses, dengue virus and chikungunya virus. this minireview details the methods that are available to diagnose zikv infection. | 2016 | 26888897 |
| zika virus emergence in mosquitoes in southeastern senegal, 2011. | zika virus (zikv; genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae) is maintained in a zoonotic cycle between arboreal aedes spp. mosquitoes and nonhuman primates in african and asian forests. spillover into humans has been documented in both regions and the virus is currently responsible for a large outbreak in french polynesia. zikv amplifications are frequent in southeastern senegal but little is known about their seasonal and spatial dynamics. the aim of this paper is to describe the spatio-temporal pa ... | 2014 | 25310102 |
| phylogeographic reconstruction of african yellow fever virus isolates indicates recent simultaneous dispersal into east and west africa. | yellow fever virus (yfv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is a major public health problem in tropical areas of africa and south america. there have been detailed studies on yfv ecology in west africa and south america, but current understanding of yfv circulation on the african continent is incomplete. this inadequacy is especially notable for east and central africa, for which the unpredictability of human outbreaks is compounded by limitations in both historical and present surveillance ef ... | 2013 | 23516640 |
| differential replicative ability of clinical dengue virus isolates in an immunocompetent c57bl/6 mouse model. | several experimental animal models have been used to study the pathogenesis of dengue disease; however, most of the studies used laboratory-adapted viruses, which lack the virulence of viruses circulating in humans. the aim of this study was to analyze the ability of clinical dengue virus (denv) isolates (d2/br/rp/rmb/09 and d3/br/sl3/02) to infect immunocompetent c57bl/6 mice. | 2015 | 26415508 |
| genetic characterization of zika virus strains: geographic expansion of the asian lineage. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus distributed throughout much of africa and asia. infection with the virus may cause acute febrile illness that clinically resembles dengue fever. a recent study indicated the existence of three geographically distinct viral lineages; however this analysis utilized only a single viral gene. although zikv has been known to circulate in both africa and asia since at least the 1950s, little is known about the genetic relationships between geographicall ... | 2012 | 22389730 |
| comparative genomic analysis of pre-epidemic and epidemic zika virus strains for virological factors potentially associated with the rapidly expanding epidemic. | less than 20 sporadic cases of human zika virus (zikv) infection were reported in africa and asia before 2007, but large outbreaks involving up to 73% of the populations on the pacific islands have started since 2007, and spread to the americas in 2014. moreover, the clinical manifestation of zikv infection has apparently changed, as evident by increasing reports of neurological complications, such as guillain-barré syndrome in adults and congenital anomalies in neonates. we comprehensively comp ... | 2016 | 26980239 |
| the emergence of zika virus as a global health security threat: a review and a consensus statement of the indusem joint working group (jwg). | the zika virus (zikv), first discovered in 1947, has emerged as a global public health threat over the last decade, with the accelerated geographic spread of the virus noted during the last 5 years. the world health organization (who) predicts that millions of cases of zikv are likely to occur in the americas during the next 12 months. these projections, in conjunction with suspected zika-associated increase in newborn microcephaly cases, prompted who to declare public health emergency of intern ... | 0 | 27013839 |
| neurological manifestations of zika virus infection. | zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus (flaviviridae family) transmitted mainly by aedes mosquitoes. the virus was restricted to the african continent until its spread to south-east asia in the 1980's, the micronesia in 2007, the french polynesia in 2013 and, more recently in the americas in 2015, where, up to date, the world health organization (who) has estimated about 3-4 million total cases of zikv infection. during outbreaks in the french polynesia and brazil in 2013 and 2015, respectively, nati ... | 0 | 27878100 |
| zika virus (zikv). | | 2016 | 27994533 |
| zika virus on a spreading spree: what we now know that was unknown in the 1950's. | zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is transmitted through the bite of aedes spp mosquitoes and less predominantly, through sexual intercourse. prior to 2007, zikv was associated with only sporadic human infections with minimal or no clinical manifestations. recently the virus has caused disease outbreaks from the pacific islands, the americas, and off the coast of west africa with approximately 1.62 million people suspected to be infected in more than 60 countries around the g ... | 2016 | 27716242 |
| new paradigms for virus detection, surveillance and control of zika virus vectors in the settings of southeast asia. | zika virus (zikv) has now become a global public health concern. the vectors for zikv are aedes aegypti and a. albopictus. both these mosquitoes are predominant in southeast asia and are also responsible for the spread of other arboviral diseases like dengue virus and chikungunya virus. the incidence of dengue has been increasing over the years and this is of concern to public health workers. simple laboratory tools for the detection of zikv is also lacking. in the absence of drugs and vaccine f ... | 2016 | 27679623 |
| zika virus as an emerging global pathogen: neurological complications of zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the genus flavivirus that has caused a widespread outbreak of febrile illness, is associated with neurological disease, and has spread across the pacific to the americas in a short period. | 0 | 27183312 |
| a literature review of zika virus. | zika virus is a mosquitoborne flavivirus that is the focus of an ongoing pandemic and public health emergency. previously limited to sporadic cases in africa and asia, the emergence of zika virus in brazil in 2015 heralded rapid spread throughout the americas. although most zika virus infections are characterized by subclinical or mild influenza-like illness, severe manifestations have been described, including guillain-barre syndrome in adults and microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers ... | 2016 | 27070380 |
| emergence and spreading potential of zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus (family flaviviridae) closely related to dengue, yellow fever and west nile viruses. zikv remained neglected, confined to enzootic transmission cycles in africa and asia, until the first significant outbreak was reported in micronesia in 2007. subsequent epidemics of growing incidence occurred in french polynesia and other south pacific islands, and recently, in the americas. the latter and currently ongoing outbreak of unprecedented incidence r ... | 2016 | 27812357 |
| the mysterious zika virus: adding to the tropical flavivirus mayhem. | until now, known as the demure cousin of dengue virus (denv) inhabiting africa, zika virus (zikv) has reinvented itself to cause explosive epidemics captivating the western hemisphere. the outbreak causing potential for zikv was realized when it made its way from africa to yap island micronesia in 2007, and in french polynesia in 2013. from there, it moved on to brazil in 2015. now zikv has infected people in more than 33 countries in central and south america and the caribbean. moreover the epi ... | 0 | 27763483 |
| a comprehensive systems biology approach to studying zika virus. | zika virus (zikv) is responsible for an ongoing and intensifying epidemic in the western hemisphere. we examined the complete predicted proteomes, glycomes, and selectomes of 33 zikv strains representing temporally diverse members of the african lineage, the asian lineage, and the current outbreak in the americas. derivation of the complete selectome is an 'omics' approach to identify distinct evolutionary pressures acting on different features of an organism. employment of the m8 model did not ... | 2016 | 27584813 |
| photochemical inactivation of chikungunya virus in human apheresis platelet components by amotosalen and uva light. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that recently re-emerged in africa and rapidly spread into countries of the indian ocean basin and south-east asia. the mean viremic blood donation risk for chikv on la réunion reached 1.5% at the height of the 2005-2006 outbreaks, highlighting the need for development of safety measures to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections. we describe successful inactivation of chikv in human platelets and plasma using photochemical treatment wi ... | 2013 | 23530077 |
| pathophysiologic and transcriptomic analyses of viscerotropic yellow fever in a rhesus macaque model. | infection with yellow fever virus (yfv), an explosively replicating flavivirus, results in viral hemorrhagic disease characterized by cardiovascular shock and multi-organ failure. unvaccinated populations experience 20 to 50% fatality. few studies have examined the pathophysiological changes that occur in humans during yfv infection due to the sporadic nature and remote locations of outbreaks. rhesus macaques are highly susceptible to yfv infection, providing a robust animal model to investigate ... | 2014 | 25412185 |
| fever versus fever: the role of host and vector susceptibility and interspecific competition in shaping the current and future distributions of the sylvatic cycles of dengue virus and yellow fever virus. | two different species of flaviviruses, dengue virus (denv) and yellow fever virus (yfv), that originated in sylvatic cycles maintained in non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes have emerged repeatedly into sustained human-to-human transmission by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. sylvatic cycles of both viruses remain active, and where the two viruses overlap in west africa they utilize similar suites of monkeys and aedes mosquitoes. these extensive similarities render the differences in the ... | 2013 | 23523817 |
| yellow fever risk assessment in the central african republic. | starting in 2008, the central african republic (car) experienced an unprecedented number of reported yellow fever (yf) cases. a risk assessment of yf virus (yfv) activity was conducted to estimate potential disease risk and vaccine needs. | 2014 | 24947520 |
| history, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of zika: a systematic review. | to describe salient epidemiological characteristics of zika virus outbreaks across the world and to examine the clinical presentations, complications, and atypical manifestations related to their occurrence in recent history. | 0 | 26959260 |
| zika virus: anatomy of a global health crisis. | zika virus infection has emerged as the world's newest health threat, linked to microcephaly in infants and guillain-barré syndrome in adults. we address the rapid global spread of this disease, and the prospects for successful prevention and treatment. | 0 | 27069344 |
| composition and genetic diversity of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) on islands and mainland shores of kenya's lakes victoria and baringo. | the lake baringo and lake victoria regions of kenya are associated with high seroprevalence of mosquito-transmitted arboviruses. however, molecular identification of potential mosquito vector species, including morphologically identified ones, remains scarce. to estimate the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mosquito vectors on the mainland shores and adjacent inhabited islands in these regions, we collected and morphologically identified adult and immature mosquitoes and obtained the co ... | 2016 | 27402888 |
| yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease: current perspectives. | to assess those published cases of yellow fever (yf) vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease that meet the brighton collaboration criteria and to assess the safety of yf vaccine with respect to viscerotropic disease. | 2016 | 27784992 |
| zika. an emerging teratogenic virus. | [no abstract available]. | 0 | 27464857 |
| the global distribution of yellow fever and dengue. | yellow fever has been subjected to partial control for decades, but there are signs that case numbers are now increasing globally, with the risk of local epidemic outbreaks. dengue case numbers have also increased dramatically during the past 40 years and different serotypes have invaded new geographical areas. despite the temporal changes in these closely related diseases, and their enormous public health impact, few attempts have been made to collect a comprehensive dataset of their spatial an ... | 0 | 16647971 |
| larval ecology of mosquitoes in sylvatic arbovirus foci in southeastern senegal. | although adult mosquito vectors of sylvatic arbovirus [yellow fever (yfv), dengue-2 (denv-2) and chikungunya (chikv)] have been studied for the past 40 years in southeastern senegal, data are still lacking on the ecology of larval mosquitoes in this area. in this study, we investigated the larval habitats of mosquitoes and characterized their seasonal and spatial dynamics in arbovirus foci. | 2012 | 23216815 |
| entomological profile of yellow fever epidemics in the central african republic, 2006-2010. | the causative agent of yellow fever is an arbovirus of the flaviviridae family transmitted by infected aedes mosquitoes, particularly in africa. in the central african republic since 2006, cases have been notified in the provinces of ombella-mpoko, ouham-pende, basse-kotto, haute-kotto and in bangui the capital. as the presence of a vector of yellow fever virus (yfv) represents a risk for spread of the disease, we undertook entomological investigations at these sites to identify potential vector ... | 2012 | 22897918 |
| chikungunya and dengue fever among hospitalized febrile patients in northern tanzania. | consecutive febrile admissions were enrolled at two hospitals in moshi, tanzania. confirmed acute chikungunya virus (chikv), dengue virus (denv), and flavivirus infection were defined as a positive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) result. presumptive acute denv infection was defined as a positive anti-denv immunoglobulin m (igm) enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (elisa) result, and prior flavivirus exposure was defined as a positive anti-denv igg elisa result. among 870 participants, pcr testing w ... | 0 | 22232469 |
| zika mosquito vectors: the jury is still out. | after a 40-year hiatus, the international congress of entomology (ice 2016) convened in orlando, florida (september 25-30, 2016). one of the symposia at ice 2016, the zika symposium, covered multiple aspects of the zika epidemic, including epidemiology, sexual transmission, genetic tools for reducing transmission, and particularly vector competence. while there was a consensus among participants that the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, is a vector of the zika virus, there is growing eviden ... | 2016 | 27853521 |
| landscape ecology of sylvatic chikungunya virus and mosquito vectors in southeastern senegal. | the risk of human infection with sylvatic chikungunya (chikv) virus was assessed in a focus of sylvatic arbovirus circulation in senegal by investigating distribution and abundance of anthropophilic aedes mosquitoes, as well as the abundance and distribution of chikv in these mosquitoes. a 1650 km(2) area was classified into five land cover classes: forest, barren, savanna, agriculture and village. a total of 39,799 mosquitoes was sampled from all classes using human landing collections between ... | 2012 | 22720097 |
| aedes mosquitoes and zika virus infection: an a to z of emergence? | | 2016 | 26905027 |
| aedes hensilli as a potential vector of chikungunya and zika viruses. | an epidemic of zika virus (zikv) illness that occurred in july 2007 on yap island in the federated states of micronesia prompted entomological studies to identify both the primary vector(s) involved in transmission and the ecological parameters contributing to the outbreak. larval and pupal surveys were performed to identify the major containers serving as oviposition habitat for the likely vector(s). adult mosquitoes were also collected by backpack aspiration, light trap, and gravid traps at se ... | 2014 | 25299181 |
| detection of zika virus infection in thailand, 2012-2014. | zika virus (zikv) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen with reported cases in africa, asia, and large outbreaks in the pacific. no autochthonous zikv infections have been confirmed in thailand. however, there have been several cases reported in travelers returning from thailand. here we report seven cases of acute zikv infection in thai residents across the country confirmed by molecular or serological testing including sequence data. these endemic cases, combined with previous reports in trav ... | 2015 | 26101272 |
| quantitative real-time pcr detection of zika virus and evaluation with field-caught mosquitoes. | zika virus (zikv), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in asia and africa. zikv infection diagnosis relies on serology-which is challenging due to cross-reactions with other flaviviruses and/or absence or low titer of igm and igg antibodies at early phase of infection- virus isolation, which is labor intensive, time consuming and requires appropriate containment. therefore, real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) is an appealing option as a rapid, sensitive and specific method for dete ... | 2013 | 24148652 |
| complete genome sequences of five zika virus isolates. | zika virus is an emerging human pathogen of great concern due to putative links to microcephaly and guillain-barre syndrome. here, we report the complete genomes, including the 5' and 3' untranslated regions, of five zika virus isolates, one from the asian lineage and four from the african lineage. | 2016 | 27174284 |
| clinical features and neuroimaging (ct and mri) findings in presumed zika virus related congenital infection and microcephaly: retrospective case series study. | to report radiological findings observed in computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scans of the first cases of congenital infection and microcephaly presumably associated with the zika virus in the current brazilian epidemic. | 2016 | 27075009 |
| zika: an old virus with a new face. | zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a public health emergency at the ongoing epidemic. this obscure virus was limited to sporadic cases in africa and asia, until the emergence of zika virus in brazil in 2015, when it rapidly spread throughout the americas. most zika virus infections are subclinical or characterized by mild febrile illness. however, neurological complications, including guillain-barré syndrome in adults, and congenital anomalies, including microcephaly in ba ... | 2016 | 27703544 |
| an ecological assessment of the pandemic threat of zika virus. | the current outbreak of zika virus poses a severe threat to human health. while the range of the virus has been cataloged growing slowly over the last 50 years, the recent explosive expansion in the americas indicates that the full potential distribution of zika remains uncertain. moreover, many studies rely on its similarity to dengue fever, a phylogenetically closely related disease of unknown ecological comparability. here we compile a comprehensive spatially-explicit occurrence dataset from ... | 2016 | 27564232 |
| zika virus: a call to action for physicians in the era of climate change. | in february 2016, the world health organization declared the mosquito-borne zika virus to be a "public health emergency of international concern" as the disease linked to thousands of birth defects in brazil spreads rapidly. the distribution of the aedes mosquitos has drastically increased over the past few decades, which have been the hottest decades on earth in more than 1000 years based on climate proxy measures. although a combination of factors explains the current zika virus outbreak, it's ... | 2016 | 27617189 |
| a historic report of zika in mozambique: implications for assessing current risk. | | 2016 | 27930650 |
| bithionol blocks pathogenicity of bacterial toxins, ricin, and zika virus. | diverse pathogenic agents often utilize overlapping host networks, and hub proteins within these networks represent attractive targets for broad-spectrum drugs. using bacterial toxins, we describe a new approach for discovering broad-spectrum therapies capable of inhibiting host proteins that mediate multiple pathogenic pathways. this approach can be widely used, as it combines genetic-based target identification with cell survival-based and protein function-based multiplex drug screens, and con ... | 2016 | 27686742 |
| oviposition ecology and species composition of aedes spp. and aedes aegypti dynamics in variously urbanized settings in arbovirus foci in southeastern côte d'ivoire. | aedes mosquito-transmitted outbreaks of dengue and yellow fever have been reported from rural and urban parts of côte d'ivoire. the present study aimed at assessing aedes spp. oviposition ecology in variously urbanized settings within arbovirus foci in southeastern côte d'ivoire. | 2016 | 27682270 |
| assessment of local mosquito species incriminates aedes aegypti as the potential vector of zika virus in australia. | within the last 10 years zika virus (zikv) has caused unprecedented epidemics of human disease in the nations and territories of the western pacific and south america, and continues to escalate in both endemic and non-endemic regions. we evaluated the vector competence of australian mosquitoes for zikv to assess their potential role in virus transmission. | 2016 | 27643685 |
| application of broad-spectrum resequencing microarray for genotyping rhabdoviruses. | the rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is critical in the control of infectious disease. to this end, we analyzed the capacity for viral detection and identification of a newly described high-density resequencing microarray (rma), termed pathogenid, which was designed for multiple pathogen detection using database similarity searching. we focused on one of the largest and most diverse viral families described to date, the family rhabdoviridae. we demonstrate that this approach has th ... | 2010 | 20610710 |
| a newly isolated reovirus has the simplest genomic and structural organization of any reovirus. | a total of 2,691 mosquitoes representing 17 species was collected from eight locations in southwest cameroon and screened for pathogenic viruses. ten isolates of a novel reovirus (genus dinovernavirus) were detected by culturing mosquito pools on aedes albopictus (c6/36) cell cultures. a virus that caused overt cytopathic effects was isolated, but it did not infect vertebrate cells or produce detectable disease in infant mice after intracerebral inoculation. the virus, tentatively designated fak ... | 2014 | 25355879 |
| global risk model for vector-borne transmission of zika virus reveals the role of el niño 2015. | zika, a mosquito-borne viral disease that emerged in south america in 2015, was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the who in february of 2016. we developed a climate-driven r0 mathematical model for the transmission risk of zika virus (zikv) that explicitly includes two key mosquito vector species: aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus the model was parameterized and calibrated using the most up to date information from the available literature. it was then driven by ob ... | 2016 | 27994145 |
| dengue virus antibodies enhance zika virus infection. | for decades, human infections with zika virus (zikv), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, were sporadic, associated with mild disease, and went underreported since symptoms were similar to other acute febrile diseases. recent reports of severe disease associated with zikv have greatly heightened awareness. it is anticipated that zikv will continue to spread in the americas and globally where competent aedes mosquito vectors are found. dengue virus (denv), the most common mosquito-transmitted huma ... | 2016 | 28090318 |
| breeding sites of aedes aegypti: potential dengue vectors in dire dawa, east ethiopia. | background and objectives. entomological survey was carried out from may-june to september-october 2014 to investigate the presence of dengue vectors in discarded tires and artificial water containers in houses and peridomestic areas. methods. a cross-sectional immature stage survey was done indoors and outdoors in 301 houses. mosquito larval sampling was conducted using pipette or dipper depending on container types. larvae were identified morphologically and larval indices were also calculated ... | 2015 | 26435712 |
| immunological features underlying viral hemorrhagic fevers. | several enveloped rna viruses of the arenavirus, bunyavirus, filovirus and flavivirus families are associated with a syndrome known as viral hemorrhagic fever (vhf). vhf is characterized by fever, vascular leakage, coagulation defects and multi organ system failure. vhf is currently viewed as a disease precipitated by viral suppression of innate immunity, which promotes systemic virus replication and excessive proinflammatory cytokine responses that trigger the manifestations of severe disease. ... | 2015 | 26163194 |
| the safety of yellow fever vaccine 17d or 17dd in children, pregnant women, hiv+ individuals, and older persons: systematic review. | yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting immunity. rare serious adverse events after vaccination include neurologic or viscerotropic syndromes or anaphylaxis. we conducted a systematic review of adverse events associated with yellow fever vaccination in vulnerable populations. nine electronic bibliographic databases and reference lists of included articles were searched. electronic databases identified 2,415 abstracts for review, and 32 abstracts were included in this review. we identified nin ... | 0 | 22302874 |
| zika virus and neuroscience: the need for a translational collaboration. | zika virus (zikv) has become a major challenge for scientists and health agencies. zikv's involvement with human fetal microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome and its transmission through aedes africanus and aedes aegypti mosquitos highlighted the epidemiological and neurological risks associated to zikv infection. in 2013, zikv arrives in brazil but the first outbreak in the country was reported in 2015. here, we used the web of science as a search tool for comparing the evolution of world and ... | 2017 | 28185126 |
| zika virus disease: a current review of the literature. | the massive pandemic of zika virus (zikv) infection is spreading through south america, central america, the caribbean, and possibly the usa. it is the most recent of four surprising appearances of imperative arthropod-borne viral illnesses in the western hemisphere over the preceding 20 years. | 2016 | 27510169 |
| molecular characterization of three zika flaviviruses obtained from sylvatic mosquitoes in the central african republic. | zika virus (zikv) is an emerging pathogen belonging to the spondweni serocomplex within the genus flavivirus. it has been isolated from several mosquito species. two lineages of zikv have been defined by polyprotein homology. using high-throughput sequencing, we obtained and characterized three complete genomes of zikv isolated between 1976 and 1980 in the central african republic. the three viruses were isolated from two species of mosquito, aedes africanus and ae. opok. two sequences from ae. ... | 2014 | 25514122 |