| the mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the area of the middle course of the river someşul mare (romania): faunistical and ecological data. | the larval and adult mosquito populations in the locality salva and its surroundings on the middle course of the river someşul mare were investigated from march to october 1994. 17 mosquito species (11 as larvae and 13 as adults) were recorded: aedes cataphylla, aedes cantans aedes leucomelas, aedes dorsalis, aedes caspius, aedes vexans, aedes flavescens, aedes cinereus, aedes annulipes, aedes geniculatus, culex modestus, culex pipiens, culex territans, culiseta alaskaensis, anopheles maculipenn ... | 1998 | 9745338 |
| ecology of aedes dorsalis (diptera: culicidae) in relation to western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the coachella valley of california. | the ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (wee) was studies during 1994-1996 along a portion of the north shore of the salton sea in coachella valley, california, known to support a focal aedes dorsalis (meigen) population. wee was detected during 1995 by the seroconversion of sentinel chickens concurrently at sites within and outside of the area supporting ae. dorsalis. wee was not detected during 1994 or 1996; neither was wee detected by seroconversion of sentinel rabbits nor by is ... | 1998 | 9701945 |
| host preference of mosquitoes in bernalillo county, new mexico. | host preference of mosquitoes was determined using animal-baited traps. hosts used in the study were cattle, chickens, dogs, and horses. ten mosquito species representing 4 genera were collected from the animal-baited traps. aedes vexans, aedes dorsalis, culex quinquefasciatus. culex tarsalis, and culiseta inornata were used as indicator species for data analysis. greater numbers of ae. vexans, ae. dorsalis, and cs. inornata were collected from cattle and horses than from chickens or dogs. in ad ... | 1997 | 9152878 |
| ecology of mosquitoes and lack of arbovirus activity at morro bay, san luis obispo county, california. | during 1994-95, totals of 17,656 adult females and 111,104 adults reared from field-collected immatures comprising 19 species in 4 genera of mosquitoes were collected from morro bay estuary and surrounding environs in san luis obispo county, california. aedes dorsalis was the dominant summer mosquito, whereas aedes squamiger and ae. washinoi were abundant during winter and early spring. host-seeking culex tarsalis were collected infrequently, even though immatures were collected frequently from ... | 1996 | 9046476 |
| ecology of jamestown canyon virus (bunyaviridae: california serogroup) in coastal california. | this paper reports the first isolation of jamestown canyon (jc) virus from coastal california and the results of tests for antibody to jc virus in mammals living in coastal california. the virus isolation was made from a pool of 50 aedes dorsalis females collected as adults from morro bay, san luis obispo county, california. the virus isolate was identified by two-way plaque reduction-serum dilution neutralization tests done in vero cell cultures. sera from the mammals were tested for antibody t ... | 1996 | 8780458 |
| [occurrence of culex modestus inatomii kamimura et wada in rongcheng city, shandong province]. | a mosquito survey was made at rongcheng city, shandong province in august, 1991. altogether 4 genera and 8 species of mosquitoes were collected in this survey, namely aedes dorsalis (meigen), anopheles sinensis wiedemann, an. yatsushiroensis miyazaki, culex fuscanus wiedemann, cx. modestus inatomii kamimura et wada, cx. pipiens pallens coquillett, cx. tritaeniorhynchus giles and mansonia uniformis (theobald). among them cx. modestus inatomii and an. yatsushiroensis were found to be the first rec ... | 1993 | 8403280 |
| natural vertical transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in mosquitoes. | the mechanism by which western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus and other mosquito-borne alphaviruses (togaviridae) survive during periods of vector inactivity is unknown. recently, three strains of wee virus were isolated from adult aedes dorsalis collected as larvae from a salt marsh in a coastal region of california. this provides evidence of vertical transmission of wee virus in mosquitoes in nature. vertical transmission in ae. dorsalis and closely related mosquito species may be an imp ... | 1994 | 8303276 |
| effect of rearing temperature on transovarial transmission of st. louis encephalitis virus in mosquitoes. | female aedes albopictus and aedes epactius infected by inoculation with st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus transmitted virus transovarially to their f1 progeny. with ae. epactius, minimal infection rates (mir) in f1 larvae were similar for progeny reared at 18 (+/- 1) degree c or 27 (+/- 1) degree c, whereas, mir's were significantly higher in f1 adults reared at 18 degrees c, than they were in f1 adults reared at 27 degrees c. use of different strains of sle virus appeared to influence transova ... | 1980 | 7435796 |
| evaluation of the efficiency of transovarial transmission of california encephalitis viral strains in aedes dorsalis and aedes melanimon. | california encephalitis (ce) virus was transmitted transovarially by its natural vector, aedes melanimon. vertical transmission rates ranged from 13-26% in geographical populations of ae. melanimon infected with ce virus by intrathoracic inoculation. no consistent pattern of transmission rates was detected for location or time of year mosquito collection. vertical transmission rates ranged from 9-29% in aedes dorsalis inoculated with ce viral strains isolated from ae. melanimon collected in cali ... | 1982 | 7200334 |
| stabilized infection of california encephalitis virus in aedes dorsalis, and its implications for viral maintenance in nature. | three populations of aedes dorsalis were selected which transmitted california encephalitis (ce) virus vertically to over 90% of their progeny. infected progeny in these subpopulations transmitted virus at similar rates through five generations; females from the last generation transmitted virus by bite to suckling mice. these high rates of vertical transmission appeared to be due to the development of a stabilized infection with ce virus rather than to genetic selection for a more efficient tra ... | 1982 | 7149111 |
| transovarial and trans-stadial transmission of california encephalitis virus in aedes dorsalis and aedes melanimon. | california encephalitis (ce) virus was transmitted transovarially by its natural vectors, aedes dorsalis and aedes melanimon following infection by intrathoracic inoculation. virus was recovered from adult ae. melanimon reared from eggs that were stored for up to 19 months and exposed to repeated freezing and thawing. neither time since oviposition nor storage conditions affected infection rates in surviving embryos. survival rates were highest in eggs stored at 4 degrees c. transovarial infecti ... | 1982 | 6889818 |
| west nile virus in host-seeking mosquitoes within a residential neighborhood in grand forks, north dakota. | west nile virus (wnv) was first recovered in north dakota near the city of grand forks in june 2002. during 2002, 2003, and 2004, we collected mosquitoes from grand forks using mosquito magnet traps and tested them for wnv. the seasonal abundance, species composition, and reproductive status of female mosquitoes were correlated with local environmental temperature and state surveillance data on wnv to determine the factors affecting local transmission of wnv. over 90% of the mosquitoes collected ... | 2005 | 16417433 |
| carbon dioxide sensitivity of mosquitoes infected with california encephalitis virus. | four species of mosquitoes became sensitive to carbon dioxide approximately 3 to 4 days after they received intrathoracic injectins of california encephalitis virus. aedes melanimon and aedes dorsalis infected orally with california encephalitis virus also became carbon dioxide-sensitive, but mosquitoes infected transovarially did not. sensitivity to carbon dioxide was inhibited by antiserum to california encephalitis virus. to our knowledge this is the first report of carbon dioxide sensitivity ... | 1980 | 6773145 |
| experimental transovarial transmission of st. louis encephalitis virus by culex and aedes mosquitoes. | colonized and field-collected female culex tarsalis, infected with st. louis encephalitis, (sle) virus by intrathoracic inoculation or by feeding on a viremic host, transmitted virus to their f1 adult and/or larval progeny when reared at 18(+/- 1) degree c but not when reared at 27(+/- 1) degrees c. the minimal infection rates (mir) for different populations of cx. tarsalis ranged from 1:32 to less than 1:250 (mean = 1:121) for larval progeny and from 1:32 to less than 1:1, 989 (mean = 1:1,571) ... | 1984 | 6696174 |
| comparison of biological properties of st. louis encephalitis and rio bravo viruses. | st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus, an arbovirus, and rio bravo (rb) virus, a non-arthropod-borne virus, are flaviviruses which cross-react in neutralization tests. several of their biological properties were compared. viral growth curves revealed that greater than 99% of infectious sle (parton) virus remained cell-associated in vero cells but was released slowly into the medium of infected bhk-21 cells. in contrast, rb (m-64) virus was released upon maturation into the fluids of vero and bhk-21 ... | 1983 | 6305222 |
| sensitivity to carbon dioxide in mosquitoes infected with california serogroup arboviruses. | ten species of mosquitoes became sensitive to co2 following intrathoracic (i.t.) inoculation of california encephalitis (ce) virus. these included field-collected aedes melanimon, aedes nigromaculis and culiseta incidens and laboratory-colonized strains of aedes dorsalis, aedes triseriatus, anopheles freeborni, culex peus, culex pipiens pipiens, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and culex tarsalis. another california serogroup virus, jerry slough (= jamestown canyon) (js), also induced co2 sensitiv ... | 1982 | 6122383 |
| persistent west nile virus transmission and the apparent displacement st. louis encephalitis virus in southeastern california, 2003-2006. | west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) invaded the colorado desert biome of southern california during summer 2003 and seemed to displace previously endemic st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, slev, an antigenically similar flavivirus in the japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex). western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, weev), an antigenically distinct alphavirus, was detected during 2005 and 2006, ind ... | 2008 | 18533445 |
| [field and laboratory studies of the toxicity of trolen for preimaginal phases of aedes dorsalis mg. and culex pipiens l. mosquitoes]. | | 1972 | 4653711 |
| western equine encephalomyelitis virus: in vivo infection and morphogenesis in mosquito mesenteronal epithelial cells. | the infection and morphogenetic events associated with the replication of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus within the mesenterons of aedes dorsalis and three strains of culex tarsalis are compared and contrasted. wee virus apparently penetrates mesenteronal epithelial cells in vivo through membrane fusion. profiles of apparent membrane fusion events were observed between virus particles and the microvillar surface of the mesenteron and naked nucleocapsids are observed intracellularly ... | 1985 | 3993231 |
| identification of aedes campestris from new mexico: with notes on the isolation of western equine encephalitis and other arboviruses. | an arbovirus survey was conducted during august 1985 at white sands missile range in southcentral new mexico following a suspected arboviral disease epizootic among feral horses. a total of 20,566 mosquitoes (18,505 females and 2,061 males) and 8,900 biting gnats were collected and assayed for virus. female mosquitoes were principally aedes campestris (54.8%), aedes dorsalis (30.4%) and culex tarsalis (13.2%). arboviruses were not isolated from biting gnats, but mosquitoes yielded a total of 37 ... | 1986 | 2906989 |
| proteolysis in the gut of mosquito larvae results in further activation of the bacillus sphaericus toxin. | gut proteases from the larvae of the mosquito culex pipiens convert the 43-kilodalton (kda) toxin from bacillus sphaericus 2362 to a 40-kda peptide. the 50% lethal concentration of this peptide for tissue culture-grown cells of culex quinquefasciatus was 1.0 microgram/ml (as determined by the intracellular atp assay), 54-fold less than that of the 43-kda peptide. gut proteases from anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti, as well as bovine pancreatic trypsin, also converted the 43-kda protein to a 4 ... | 1987 | 2886104 |
| effect of the anesthetizing agent triethylamine on western equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis encephalitis viral titers in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | triethylamine (tea) is a chemical compound that provides an effective means to anesthetize mosquitoes. the mosquitoes remain alive but are incapacitated for several hours; they do not recover following treatment. there was no effect on the titers of infectious virus recovered from western equine encephalomyelitis or st. louis encephalitis virus-infected culex tarsalis coquillett and aedes dorsalis (meigen) that were anesthetized with tea prior to storage at -70 degrees c. furthermore, tea had no ... | 1990 | 2280383 |
| vector competence of california mosquitoes for california encephalitis and california encephalitis-like viruses. | mosquitoes collected from coastal, inland valley, and alpine locations in california were evaluated for their experimental vector competence for two viruses in the california serogroup (bunyaviridae:bunyavirus). aedes squamiger, a coastal salt marsh mosquito, was an efficient vector of a california encephalitis (ce)-like virus isolated from its habitat (89% of the pledget-fed females became infected and 61% transmitted virus). aedes dorsalis, a coastal mosquito, and ae. melanimon, an inland vall ... | 1992 | 1360192 |
| vector competence of aedes dorsalis (diptera: culicidae) from morro bay, california, for western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | in laboratory vector competence studies, aedes dorsalis (meigen) collected from morro bay, ca, did not vertically transmit sympatric strains of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (wee). this population of ae. dorsalis was highly susceptible to oral infection and was a competent horizontal vector of wee. the e2 region of the viral genome of the 3 virus strains isolated from ae. dorsalis in morro bay were closely related genetically to a strain of wee isolated in 1953 from a geographically sep ... | 1998 | 9835696 |
| effects of sustained-release methoprene and a combined formulation of liquid methoprene and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on insects in salt marshes. | aquatic insects are an important component of the food web in salt marshes, therefore it is necessary to test whether pesticides used to control mosquitoes in salt marshes are safe for nontarget insects. we tested the nontarget effects of a combined formulation (duplex) of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (b.t.i.) and liquid methoprene (an insect development regulator) or sustained-release methoprene pellets (altosid(r) pellets) by applying these materials to replicated salt marsh ponds at max ... | 2000 | 10871420 |
| species composition and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes in the belek region of turkey. | the species composition and seasonal population dynamics of mosquitoes trapped in the belek region of turkey are described. eight traps (four new jersey light traps and four co2 baited traps) were activated weekly at four different sampling sites (wooded area, open field, village, and road edge). between may and december, 1997, 4,542 specimens representing seven species (culex pipiens, culex tritaeniorhynchus, aedes caspius, aedes cretinus, aedes dorsalis, aedes vexans, and culiseta annulata) we ... | 2000 | 11217213 |
| suppression of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and black fly (diptera: simuliidae) blood feeding from hereford cattle and ponies treated with permethrin. | the blood feeding of mosquitoes and black flies from hereford cattle and ponies treated with commercial formulations of permethrin was evaluated using an animal enclosure trap sample system that allowed comparison of insect blood-feeding levels between treated and nontreated animals. blood feeding of both aedes dorsalis meigen and a. melanimon dyar from heifers treated with pour-on concentrate and whole body spray treatments was reduced significantly by 79-88% at 4 d posttreatment, with apparent ... | 2001 | 11580047 |
| suppression of bloodfeeding by ochlerotatus dorsalis and ochlerotatus melanimon on cattle treated with python ear tags. | adult mosquitoes were collected by drop traps to compare bloodfeeding rates between cattle treated with 2 python ear tags (10% zeta-cypermethrin and 20% piperonyl butoxide) per animal and animals that were untreated. mosquitoes were collected both 2 and 4 wk after application of the ear tags. bloodfeeding by ochlerotatus dorsalis was reduced by 79 and 77%, respectively, and bloodfeeding by ochlerotatus melanimon was reduced by 84 and 81%, respectively, at 2 and 4 wk. based on chi-square analysis ... | 2002 | 12322943 |
| vector competence of california mosquitoes for west nile virus. | to identify the mosquito species competent for west nile virus (wnv) transmission, we evaluated 10 california species that are known vectors of other arboviruses or major pests: culex tarsalis, cx. pipiens pipiens, cx. p. quinquefasciatus, cx. stigmatosoma, cx. erythrothorax, ochlerotatus dorsalis, oc. melanimon, oc. sierrensis, aedes vexans, and culiseta inornata. all 10 became infected and were able to transmit wnv at some level. ochlerotatus, culiseta, and aedes were low to moderately efficie ... | 2002 | 12498652 |
| encephalitis in midwest. vi. western equine encephalomyelitis virus isolated from aedes dorsalis meigen. | | 1951 | 14891995 |
| entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: a review. | fungal diseases in insects are common and widespread and can decimate their populations in spectacular epizootics. virtually all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases, including dipterans. fungal pathogens such as lagenidium, coelomomyces and culicinomyces are known to affect mosquito populations, and have been studied extensively. there are, however, many other fungi that infect and kill mosquitoes at the larval and/or adult stage. the discovery, in 1977, of the selective mosquito-pa ... | 2004 | 15861235 |
| mosquito surveillance for west nile virus in southeastern wisconsin--2002. | in 2001, west nile virus (wnv) was identified among dead american crows and bluejays in five counties in southeastern wisconsin. in response to the introduction of wnv, a pilot mosquito surveillance program was initiated in these five southeastern wisconsin counties during the summer of 2002. forty sites were selected for surveillance one night each week during a 17-week period. mosquitoes were collected in carbon dioxide-baited light traps and gravid traps. during the study period 31,419 mosqui ... | 2003 | 15931283 |
| coltiviruses and seadornaviruses in north america, europe, and asia. | coltiviruses are tickborne viruses of the genus coltivirus. the type species, colorado tick fever virus (from north america), has been isolated from patients with flulike syndromes, meningitis, encephalitis, and other severe complications. another coltivirus, eyach virus, has been isolated from ticks in france and germany and incriminated in febrile illnesses and neurologic syndromes. seadornaviruses are endemic in southeast asia, particularly indonesia and china. the prototype virus of the genu ... | 2005 | 16318717 |
| liao ning virus, a new chinese seadornavirus that replicates in transformed and embryonic mammalian cells. | seadornaviruses are emerging arboviral pathogens from the south-east of asia. the genus seadornavirus contains two distinct species, banna virus (bav) isolated from humans with encephalitis and kadipiro virus. bav replicates within insect cells and mice but not in cultured mammalian cells. here, the discovery of liao ning virus (lnv), a new seadornavirus from the aedes dorsalis mosquito, which was completely sequenced and was found to be related to bav and kadipiro virus, is reported. two seroty ... | 2006 | 16361432 |
| comparison of mosquito trapping method efficacy for west nile virus surveillance in new mexico. | as part of the west nile virus surveillance program for the state of new mexico, 13 sites along the rio grande river were sampled for mosquitoes during spring and summer 2003. we evaluated 3 different trapping procedures for their effectiveness at capturing selected species of mosquitoes. the 3 methods used were a dry ice-baited centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) light trap set 1.5 m above the ground (standard method), a cdc light trap suspended within the forest canopy, and a grav ... | 2006 | 17019770 |
| mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance along habitat-climate-elevation gradients in the northern colorado front range. | we exploited elevation gradients (1,500-2,400 m) ranging from plains to montane areas along the poudre river and big thompson river in the northern colorado front range to determine how mosquito species richness, composition, and abundance change along natural habitat-climate-elevation gradients. mosquito collections in 26 sites in 2006 by using co2-baited cdc light traps yielded a total of 7,136 identifiable mosquitoes of 27 species. commonly collected species included aedes vexans (meigen) (n ... | 2008 | 18714885 |
| western equine encephalitis submergence: lack of evidence for a decline in virus virulence. | the incidence of western equine encephalitis (wee) in humans and equids peaked during the mid-20th century and has declined to fewer than 1-2 human cases annually during the past 20 years. using the mouse model, changes in wee virus (weev) virulence were investigated as a potential explanation for the decline in the number of cases. evaluation of 10 weev strains representing a variety of isolation locations, hosts, and all decades from the 1940's to the 1990's yielded no evidence of a decline in ... | 2008 | 18801549 |
| mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors. | the traditional assumption that vector-borne pathogens should evolve towards a benign relationship with their arthropod vectors has been challenged on theoretical grounds and empirical evidence. however, in the case of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), although a number of investigators have reported experimental evidence for virus-induced vector mortality, others have failed to detect any significant impact. whether this variation in the observed level of arbovirus virulence depends on bio ... | 2009 | 19141420 |
| isolation of buggy creek virus (togaviridae: alphavirus) from field-collected eggs of oeciacus vicarius (hemiptera: cimicidae). | alphaviruses (togaviridae) rarely have been found to be vertically transmitted from female arthropods to their progeny. we report two isolations of buggy creek virus (bcrv), an ecologically unusual alphavirus related to western equine encephalomyelitis virus, from field-collected eggs of cimicid swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius horvath), the principal vector for bcrv. ten percent of egg pools were positive for bcrv, and we estimated minimum infection rates to be 1.03 infected eggs per 1,000 teste ... | 2009 | 19351091 |
| initial and residual activity of vectobac 12 as, vectobac wdg, and vectolex wdg for control of mosquitoes in ararat valley, turkey. | two formulations, vectobac 12 as and vectobac wdg, of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) and one formulation, vectolex wdg, of bacillus sphaericus were tested against anopheles maculipennis, culex pipiens, culex theileri, aedes caspius, and aedes dorsalis larvae in drainage canals, a flooded plain, and a drainage well in the igdir plain of arafat valley, turkey. vectobac 12 as applied at 0.5 and 1 liter/ha to a drainage canal provided complete control of cx. theileri and 80% to 98% control ... | 2009 | 19432078 |
| aedes triseriatus females transovarially infected with la crosse virus mate more efficiently than uninfected mosquitoes. | the mating efficiencies (the percentage of females inseminated by males) of field-collected and laboratory-colonized aedes triseriatus (say) (diptera: culicidae) female mosquitoes transovarially infected or uninfected with la crosse virus (lacv) were compared. the females were placed in cages with age-matched males, and the insemination rates (number of inseminated females of the total number of females examined) were determined daily by detection of sperm in the spermathecae. lacv-infected mosq ... | 2009 | 19769048 |
| stone lakes virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus), a variant of fort morgan virus isolated from swallow bugs (hemiptera: cimicidae) west of the continental divide. | multiple isolates of an alphaviruses within the western equine encephalomyelitis-serocomplex that were related closely to ft. morgan and its variant buggy creek virus were made from swallow bugs, oeciacus vicarius horvath (hemiptera: cimicidae), collected from cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) nests at the stone lakes national wildlife refuge, sacramento county, ca, during the summers of 2005 and 2006. this virus (hereafter stone lakes virus, family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, stlv) wa ... | 2009 | 19769055 |
| biting activity of mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) in the turkey-armenia border area, ararat valley, turkey. | during nine consecutive nights in july 2007 (from 18:15-05:45 h), mosquitoes landing-biting on humans were collected outdoors and indoors at the turkey-armenia border. a total of 1005 females were collected consisting of nine species. the dominant species was aedes dorsalis (meigen) (47.5% of total catch), followed by anopheles hyrcanus (pallas) (22.9%), culex theileri (theobald) (9.3%),ae. vexans (meigen) (6.6%), ae. caspius (pallas) (4.9%),anopheles maculipennis s.l. (meigen) (3.1%), culex ter ... | 2010 | 20180304 |
| species abundance and seasonal activity of mosquitoes on cattle facilities in southern alberta, canada. | seventeen mosquito species were collected at eight cattle facilities in southern alberta, canada, during 2002-2004. five species, culiseta inornata (williston), aedes dorsalis (meigen), culex tarsalis (coquillett), aedes vexans (meigen), and aedes campestris dyar & knab accounted for 93.6% of the mosquitoes collected. culiseta inornata, ae. dorsalis, and ae. campestris were trapped earliest in the year. cs. inornata was active latest in the year and had the longest period of activity. ae. dorsal ... | 2010 | 20180306 |
| emergence of zoonotic arboviruses by animal trade and migration. | abstract: arboviruses are transmitted in nature exclusively or to a major extend by arthropods. they belong to the most important viruses invading new areas in the world and their occurrence is strongly influenced by climatic changes due to the life cycle of the transmitting vectors. several arboviruses have emerged in new regions of the world during the last years, like west nile virus (wnv) in the americas, usutu virus (usuv) in central europe, or rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in the arabian ... | 2010 | 20377873 |
| potential for north american mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to transmit rift valley fever virus. | to determine which arthropods should be targeted for control should rift valley fever virus (rvfv) be detected in north america, we evaluated culex erraticus (dyar and knab), culex erythrothorax dyar, culex nigripalpus theobald, culex pipiens l., culex quinquefasciatus say, culex tarsalis coquillett, aedes dorsalis (wiedemann), aedes vexans (meigen), anopheles quadrimaculatus say, and culicoides sonorensis wirth and jones from the western, midwestern, and southern united states for their ability ... | 2010 | 20939385 |
| newly recognized mosquito-associated viruses in mainland china, in the last two decades. | there are four principal arboviruses in mainland china. two kinds of them are mosquito-borne viruses, namely japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus, which lead to japanese encephalitis, and dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever respectively; the other two are tick-borne viruses, namely tick-borne encephalitis virus and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (also known as xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus), which contribute to tick-borne encephalitis and xinjiang hemorrhagic fever respective ... | 2011 | 21314994 |
| isolation of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus from mosquitoes in saskatchewan, 1962. | saskatchewan, in the summer of 1962, was the scene of an extensive outbreak of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) in horses. the results of mosquito survey work showed culiseta inornata and culex tarsalis respectively to be the two most abundant mosquito species during midsummer. these species are those reported to be most commonly associated with outbreaks of wee. five hundred and sixty-four pools of mosquitoes were examined for the presence of wee virus. six pools, three of c. tarsalis and ... | 1963 | 17649476 |
| initiation and characterization of a diploid cell line from larval tissues of aedes dorsalis (meigen). | mosquito cell cultures were initiated from the minced tissues of newly hatched aedes dorsalis (meigen) larvae. continuous cell division occurred only after an adaptive period of approximately 6 months. optimal growth of the cells required a relatively low ph of 6.5. karyological studies showed that the cells have remained diploid (2n = 6) for 60 serial passages and that the cultures are free of contaminating cells. the cultures also were shown to be free of bacteria (including mycoplasma), fungi ... | 1978 | 27445 |
| liao ning virus in china. | abstract: background: liao ning virus is in the genus seadornavirus within the family reoviridae and has a genome composed of 12 segments of double-stranded rna (dsrna). it is transmitted by mosquitoes and only isolated in china to date and it is the only species within the genus seadornavirus which was reported to have been propagated in mammalian cell lines. in the study, we report 41 new isolates from northern and southern xinjiang uygur autonomous region in china and describe the phylogeneti ... | 2011 | 21649929 |
| distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne arboviruses in inner mongolia, china. | during summers in 2007 and 2008, an investigation was conducted to identify the distribution of mosquitoes and circulation of mosquito-borne arboviruses in inner mongolia, china. a total of 10,542 mosquitoes consisting of seven species from the aedes, culex, and anopheles genera were trapped by uv-light traps, and they were sorted into 211 pools according to species, location, and date of collection. the result showed that aedes dorsalis was the most common species, accounting for 41.0% (4327/10 ... | 2011 | 21867416 |
| theoretical potential of passerine filariasis to enhance the enzootic transmission of west nile virus. | vertebrate reservoirs of arboviruses are often infected with microfilariae (mf). laboratory studies have shown that mf can enhance the infectivity of arboviruses to mosquitoes. soon after being ingested, mf penetrate the mosquito midgut. if the host blood also contains virus (i.e., vertebrate is dually infected), penetrating mf may introduce virus into the hemocoel. this can transform otherwise virus-incompetent mosquito species into virus-competent species and simultaneously accelerate viral de ... | 2012 | 23270173 |
| nationwide inventory of mosquito biodiversity (diptera: culicidae) in belgium, europe. | to advance our restricted knowledge on mosquito biodiversity and distribution in belgium, a national inventory started in 2007 (modirisk) based on a random selection of 936 collection points in three main environmental types: urban, rural and natural areas. additionally, 64 sites were selected because of the risk of importing a vector or pathogen in these sites. each site was sampled once between may and october 2007 and once in 2008 using mosquito magnet liberty plus traps. diversity in pre-def ... | 2012 | 22971463 |
| zoonotic encephalitides caused by arboviruses: transmission and epidemiology of alphaviruses and flaviviruses. | in this review, we mainly focus on zoonotic encephalitides caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the families flaviviridae (genus flavivirus) and togaviridae (genus alphavirus) that are important in both humans and domestic animals. specifically, we will focus on alphaviruses (eastern equine encephalitis virus, western equine encephalitis virus, venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) and flaviviruses (japanese encephalitis virus and west nile virus). most of these viruses were origin ... | 2013 | 24427764 |
| emergence of west nile virus in mosquito (diptera: culicidae) communities of the new mexico rio grande valley. | the first appearances of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) in new mexico were reported in late summer to early fall 2002. several dead birds tested positive for wnv, and 78 equine cases were confirmed. all mosquito pools tested (n = 268) were negative. a statewide surveillance program was launched in may 2003 to study the emergence and spread of this new arbovirus in mosquitoes from the rio grande valley. mosquitoes were trapped at 32 sites along a 750-km stretch of th ... | 2006 | 16739421 |
| enhanced arbovirus surveillance with deep sequencing: identification of novel rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses in australian mosquitoes. | viral metagenomics characterizes known and identifies unknown viruses based on sequence similarities to any previously sequenced viral genomes. a metagenomics approach was used to identify virus sequences in australian mosquitoes causing cytopathic effects in inoculated mammalian cell cultures. sequence comparisons revealed strains of liao ning virus (reovirus, seadornavirus), previously detected only in china, livestock-infecting stretch lagoon virus (reovirus, orbivirus), two novel dimarhabdov ... | 2013 | 24314645 |
| wolbachia biocontrol strategies for arboviral diseases and the potential influence of resident wolbachia strains in mosquitoes. | arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a major cause of human disease worldwide. the absence of vaccines and effective vector control strategies has resulted in the need for novel mosquito control strategies. the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia has been proposed to form the basis for an effective mosquito biocontrol strategy. resident strains of wolbachia inhibit viral replication in drosophila fruit flies and induce a reproductive phenotype known as cytoplasmic incompatibility that allows ... | 2016 | 26925368 |
| growth of california encephalitis and other viruses in aedes dorsalis (diptera: culicidae) cell cultures. | | 1979 | 490565 |
| tissue barriers to arbovirus infection in mosquitoes. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) circulate in nature between arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. arboviruses often cause devastating diseases in vertebrate hosts, but they typically do not cause significant pathology in their arthropod vectors. following oral acquisition of a viremic bloodmeal from a vertebrate host, the arbovirus disease cycle requires replication in the cellular environment of the arthropod vector. once the vector has become systemically and persistently infected, the ... | 2015 | 26184281 |
| current status of invasive mosquito surveillance in the uk. | non-native invasive mosquitoes have for many years made incursions into europe, and are now established in many european countries. the continued european importation of potential vectors and their expansion within europe increases their potential for importation and establishment in the uk. coupled with increasing numbers of returning dengue and chikungunya infected travellers, the potential exists for transmission of vector borne disease in new regions. | 2015 | 26122427 |
| arboviruses in north dakota, 2003-2006. | to investigate arbovirus transmission in north dakota, we collected and screened mosquitoes for viral infection by vero cell culture assay. seven viruses were isolated from 13 mosquito species. spatial and temporal distributions of the important vectors of west nile virus (wnv), cache valley virus, jamestown canyon virus (jcv), and trivittatus virus are reported. snowshoe hare virus, potosi virus, and western equine encephalomyelitis virus were also isolated. the risks of culex tarsalis and aede ... | 2014 | 25487728 |
| identification of hotspots in the european union for the introduction of four zoonotic arboviroses by live animal trade. | live animal trade is considered a major mode of introduction of viruses from enzootic foci into disease-free areas. due to societal and behavioural changes, some wild animal species may nowadays be considered as pet species. the species diversity of animals involved in international trade is thus increasing. this could benefit pathogens that have a broad host range such as arboviruses. the objective of this study was to analyze the risk posed by live animal imports for the introduction, in the e ... | 2013 | 23894573 |
| global climate change and its potential impact on disease transmission by salinity-tolerant mosquito vectors in coastal zones. | global climate change can potentially increase the transmission of mosquito vector-borne diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue in many parts of the world. these predictions are based on the effects of changing temperature, rainfall, and humidity on mosquito breeding and survival, the more rapid development of ingested pathogens in mosquitoes and the more frequent blood feeds at moderately higher ambient temperatures. an expansion of saline and brackish water bodies (water wi ... | 2012 | 22723781 |
| isolates of liao ning virus from wild-caught mosquitoes in the xinjiang province of china in 2005. | liao ning virus (lnv) is related to banna virus, a known human-pathogen present in south-east asia. both viruses belong to the genus seadornavirus, family reoviridae. lnv causes lethal haemorrhage in experimentally infected mice. twenty seven isolates of lnv were made from mosquitoes collected in different locations within the xinjiang province of north-western china during 2005. these mosquitoes were caught in the accommodation of human patients with febrile manifestations, or in animal barns w ... | 2012 | 22649554 |
| laboratory transmission of japanese b encephalitis virus by seven species (three genera) of north american mosquitoes. | in the present studies ten common species of western north american mosquitoes have been tested for their ability to act as vectors of japanese b encephalitis virus (see summary table xii). the strain of japanese b encephalitis virus which was used was adapted to direct mouse brain passage, probably a disadvantage, but no freshly isolated strain was available. of the ten species of mosquitoes tested, seven were demonstrated to be laboratory vectors. these seven species represent three genera (cu ... | 1946 | 19871524 |
| relationship between distance from major larval habitats and abundance of adult mosquitoes in semiarid plains landscapes in colorado. | we examined the relationship between distance from major larval habitats and abundance of adult mosquitoes in the semiarid plains landscape characteristic of eastern colorado. mosquito collection was conducted from late june to early august 2007 and included trap locations at distances ranging from <10 m up to 20-150 m and 160-373 m from three major larval habitats: one area along a river corridor and two small reservoirs. the study yielded 65,140 mosquitoes of 14 species, and five species were ... | 2009 | 19960672 |
| potential vectors of west nile virus in a semiarid environment: doña ana county, new mexico. | the potential vectors of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) in doña ana county, nm, were determined during 2004 and 2005. trapping was conducted using centers for disease control and prevention miniature light-traps baited with dry ice, and gravid traps baited with a hay infusion. in addition, sentinel chickens were housed at four of the trapping locations to monitor wnv epizootic transmission. in total, 5,576 pools consisting of 115,797 female mosquitoes were tested fo ... | 2009 | 19960700 |
| seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes, including vectors of brugian filariasis, in southern islands of the republic of korea. | a survey of mosquitoes, including the vector status of brugia malayi filariasis and their relative larval density, was conducted from 2002 to 2005 at several southern remote islands of jeollanam-do (province), gyeongsangnam-do, and jeju-do, korea, where filariasis was previously endemic. overall, a total of 9 species belonging to 7 genera were collected. ochlerotatus togoi (formerly known as aedes togoi), anopheles (hyrcanus) group, and culex pipiens were the predominant species captured at all ... | 2011 | 21461270 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for larval aedes mosquito control in intermountain meadows in wyoming. | one square meter field enclosures made of steel flashing, and natural ponds were used to determine the efficacy of bactimos formulations of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) for control of late instar aedes dorsalis, ae. fitchii and ae. melanimon mosquito larvae in intermountain meadows. low temperatures caused decreased efficacy of the formulations tested in the laboratory, and spring temperature extremes lowered efficacy in field tests. adequate control of fourth instar larvae was obtained in fiel ... | 1985 | 3880213 |
| urban habitat evaluation for west nile virus surveillance in mosquitoes in albuquerque, new mexico. | as part of an ongoing mosquito surveillance program, 27 sites in the greater metropolitan albuquerque area (bernalillo county, new mexico) were trapped from may through september 2004. each site was sampled for 1 night weekly, using a standard co2-baited centers for disease control and prevention light trap and a gravid trap. captured mosquitoes were catalogued by location, species, and date, and selected pools were tested for west nile virus (wnv) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain react ... | 2007 | 17847847 |
| mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and their relevance as disease vectors in the city of vienna, austria. | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are important vectors for a wide range of pathogenic organisms. as large parts of the human population in developed countries live in cities, the occurrence of vector-borne diseases in urban areas is of particular interest for epidemiologists and public health authorities. in this study, we investigated the mosquito occurrence in the city of vienna, austria, in order to estimate the risk of transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. mosquitoes were captured using di ... | 2014 | 25468380 |
| circulation of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis in moldova. | over the last two decades, a significant spread of dirofilariasis has been observed in eastern and central europe. however, data on the circulation of dirofilaria spp. in moldova were absent although direct neighbor states reported high incidence rates of human dirofilariasis. | 2016 | 27912786 |
| molecular species identification, host preference and detection of myxoma virus in the anopheles maculipennis complex (diptera: culicidae) in southern england, uk. | determining the host feeding patterns of mosquitoes by identifying the origin of their blood-meals is an important part of understanding the role of vector species in current and future disease transmission cycles. collecting large numbers of blood-fed mosquitoes from the field is difficult, therefore it is important to maximise the information obtained from each specimen. this study aimed to use mosquito genome sequence to identify the species within anopheles maculipennis sensu lato (an. macul ... | 2015 | 26271277 |
| reintroduction of the invasive mosquito species aedes albopictus in belgium in july 2013. | since its first report in 2000, the invasive mosquito aedes albopictus was not found any more during the different entomological inspections performed at its place of introduction in belgium between 2001 and 2012. in july 2013, one adult male was captured at the same site (a platform of imported used tires located in vrasene, oost-vlaanderen province), during a monitoring using co2-baited trap. this finding suggests the reintroduction of the species in belgium via the used tire trade. | 2013 | 24325893 |
| identifying the main mosquito species in china based on dna barcoding. | mosquitoes are insects of the diptera, nematocera, and culicidae families, some species of which are important disease vectors. identifying mosquito species based on morphological characteristics is difficult, particularly the identification of specimens collected in the field as part of disease surveillance programs. because of this difficulty, we constructed dna barcodes of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, the coi gene, for the more common mosquito species in china, including the major dise ... | 2012 | 23071708 |
| impacts of the creation, expansion and management of english wetlands on mosquito presence and abundance - developing strategies for future disease mitigation. | the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases is increasing in europe, partly due to the incursion of a number of invasive species known to be vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses, but also due to the involvement of native species in the transmission of west nile virus and malaria. for some of these pathogens, there is a risk of the re-emergence of vector-borne diseases that were once widespread in europe, but declined partly due to large-scale land-drainage projects. some mosquito species explo ... | 2015 | 25889666 |
| ecological niche modelling of potential west nile virus vector mosquito species and their geographical association with equine epizootics in italy. | in italy, west nile virus (wnv) equine outbreaks have occurred annually since 2008. characterizing wnv vector habitat requirements allows for the identification of areas at risk of viral amplification and transmission. maxent-based ecological niche models were developed using literature records of 13 potential wnv italian vector mosquito species to predict their habitat suitability range and to investigate possible geographical associations with wnv equine outbreak occurrence in italy from 2008 ... | 2014 | 24121802 |
| mosquito and west nile virus surveillance in northeast montana, u.s.a., 2005 and 2006. | mosquito and west nile virus (wnv) surveillance was conducted on a national wildlife refuge in northeast montana in 2005 and 2006, during which outbreaks of wnv in a colony of american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos gmelin) (pelecaniformes: pelecanidae) resulted in juvenile mortality rates of ∼ 31%. both years, floodwater species ochlerotatus dorsalis (meigen) (diptera: culicidae), aedes vexans (meigen) (diptera: culicidae) and ochlerotatus flavescens (muller) (diptera: culicidae) com ... | 2014 | 23647177 |
| a mark-release-recapture experiment with anopheles sinensis in the northern part of gyeonggi-do, korea. | in order to study the range of flight and feeding activity of anopheles sinensis, the dispersal experiment was conducted in paju city, located in the northern part of gyeonggi-do, republic of korea, during the period of 7th to 28th september 1998. unfed females an. sinensis were collected in cowshed and released after being marked with fluorescent dye at 23:00 hours on the same day. released female mosquitoes were recaptured everyday during 21 days using light traps, which were set at 10 sites i ... | 0 | 12325443 |
| data-driven modeling to assess receptivity for rift valley fever virus. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is an enzootic virus that causes extensive morbidity and mortality in domestic ruminants in africa, and it has shown the potential to invade other areas such as the arabian peninsula. here, we develop methods for linking mathematical models to real-world data that could be used for continent-scale risk assessment given adequate data on local host and vector populations. we have applied the methods to a well-studied agricultural region of california with [formula: s ... | 2013 | 24244769 |
| viral interference and persistence in mosquito-borne flaviviruses. | mosquito-borne flaviviruses are important pathogens for humans, and the detection of two or more flaviviruses cocirculating in the same geographic area has often been reported. however, the epidemiological impact remains to be determined. mosquito-borne flaviviruses are primarily transmitted through aedes and culex mosquitoes; these viruses establish a life-long or persistent infection without apparent pathological effects. this establishment requires a balance between virus replication and the ... | 2015 | 26583158 |
| european surveillance for west nile virus in mosquito populations. | a wide range of arthropod-borne viruses threaten both human and animal health either through their presence in europe or through risk of introduction. prominent among these is west nile virus (wnv), primarily an avian virus, which has caused multiple outbreaks associated with human and equine mortality. endemic outbreaks of west nile fever have been reported in italy, greece, france, romania, hungary, russia and spain, with further spread expected. most outbreaks in western europe have been due ... | 2013 | 24157510 |
| photoperiod and temperature influences on diapause in eggs of the floodwater mosquito, aedes dorsalis (meigen) (diptera: culicidae). | | 1970 | 5501231 |
| spermatogenesis in the mosquito, aedes dorsalis (meigen). | | 1970 | 5449660 |
| duration of mitotic cycle in brain cells of the mosquito, aedes dorsalis. | | 1969 | 5370986 |
| ddt larvicides dispersed by spray and thermal aerosol planes for the control of aedes dorsalis, meigen and aedes nigromaculis ludlow. | | 1949 | 15408646 |
| larval anopheline mosquito recta exhibit a dramatic change in localization patterns of ion transport proteins in response to shifting salinity: a comparison between anopheline and culicine larvae. | mosquito larvae live in dynamic aqueous environments, which can fluctuate drastically in salinity due to environmental events such as rainfall and evaporation. larval survival depends upon the ability to regulate hemolymph osmolarity by absorbing and excreting ions. a major organ involved in ion regulation is the rectum, the last region for modification of the primary urine before excretion. the ultrastructure and function of culicine larval recta have been studied extensively; however, very lit ... | 0 | 18805805 |
| [variability of the quantitative and qualitative traits of aedes dorsalis mosquitoes from larval cultures of varying densities]. | larvae of aedes dorsalis mg. were maintained at the density of 0.05 and 0.5 spec./ml. it was noted that mosquitoes from overpopulated cultures grew smaller in size. the wings became shorter and more narrow by 4 to 6%. the wing reduction occurred on account of its distal elements (veins r3 and m2). despite the decrease in the value of characters their variability decreased too, having increased only for wing width and vein mcu. in overpopulated cultures the wing length connection with veins r3 an ... | 2015 | 3703572 |
| sewage-associated breeding of aedes sollicitans and aedes dorsalis in southwestern michigan. | | 1986 | 3507477 |
| redescription of the pupae of ochlerotatus dorsalis and ochlerotatus squamiger. | the pupae of ochlerotatus dorsalis and oc. squamiger are completely described and illustrated for the first time. considering the entire pupal morphology, characters to separate the 2 pupae are discussed. | 2011 | 21805841 |
| reduction of aedes dorsalis by enhancing tidal action in a northern california marsh. | full tidal action was restored to a 28-ha marshland in the brackish region of the san francisco bay estuary to evaluate the impact of increased tidal circulation on aedes dorsalis abundance. one year after project completion, mosquito abundance had decreased by 98.7%, from an average of 3.6 to 0.3 4th-instar larvae per dip. larvicide applications have consequently been reduced from approximately 6 to zero per year. the effects on the marsh plant community and marsh elevation were assessed during ... | 1995 | 8825495 |
| predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of rift valley fever virus in the united states. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a mosquito-borne virus in the family bunyaviridiae that has spread throughout continental africa to madagascar and the arabian peninsula. the establishment of rvfv in north america would have serious consequences for human and animal health in addition to a significant economic impact on the livestock industry. published and unpublished data on rvfv vector competence, vertebrate host competence, and mosquito feeding patterns from the united states were combined ... | 2014 | 25211133 |
| determinants of arbovirus vertical transmission in mosquitoes. | vertical transmission (vt) and horizontal transmission (ht) of pathogens refer to parental and non-parental chains of host-to-host transmission. combining ht with vt enlarges considerably the range of ecological conditions in which a pathogen can persist, but the factors governing the relative frequency of each transmission mode are poorly understood for pathogens with mixed-mode transmission. elucidating these factors is particularly important for understanding the epidemiology of arthropod-bor ... | 2016 | 27171170 |
| detection of japanese encephalitis virus genotype v in culex orientalis and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in korea. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) causes significant viral encephalitis and is distributed throughout the asian countries. the virus is known to be transmitted by culex tritaeniorhynchus, which mainly breeds in rice paddies in korea. in this study, we investigated the presence of other mosquito species that can transmit jev as a second or regional vector. we selected five cities where patients have experienced je in the last 5 years as mosquito-collecting locations and subdivided them into four ... | 2015 | 25658839 |
| endogenous viral elements in animal genomes. | integration into the nuclear genome of germ line cells can lead to vertical inheritance of retroviral genes as host alleles. for other viruses, germ line integration has only rarely been documented. nonetheless, we identified endogenous viral elements (eves) derived from ten non-retroviral families by systematic in silico screening of animal genomes, including the first endogenous representatives of double-stranded rna, reverse-transcribing dna, and segmented rna viruses, and the first endogenou ... | 2010 | 21124940 |
| mark-release-recapture studies with aedes dorsalis (diptera: culicidae) in coastal northern california. | two mark-release-recapture studies were conducted along the sacramento-san joaquin river delta in northern california to describe the population ecology and dispersal pattern of aedes dorsalis (meigen). immature ae. dorsalis were collected from saline tidal marshes, reared to adults, marked, and released. recapture grids during the july and september studies were within 8.0 and 2.4 km of the release sites, and recapture rates were 0.1 and 1.2%, respectively. the longest recorded flight was 5.8 k ... | 1995 | 7616530 |
| control of aedes dorsalis with sustained-release methoprene pellets in a saltwater marsh. | the efficacy and persistence of sustained-release methoprene (altosid) pellets were evaluated in a tidal, saltwater marsh primarily against aedes dorsalis. pellets were applied prior to marsh inundation at 3.4 kg/ha. they provided > 99% control through the july and august high tide series (up to 42 days posttreatment), 86.4% control during the november high tide series (131 days posttreatment) and 66.6% control during the february high tide series (240 days posttreatment). proportions of partial ... | 1993 | 8350065 |
| short-term population dynamics of adult aedes dorsalis (diptera: culicidae) in a northern california tidal marsh. | short-term changes in the age structure and abundance of the host-seeking population of aedes dorsalis (meigen) females were studied in a northern california tidal marsh by daily sampling from 25 july through 17 august 1990. the calculated numbers of nulliparous and parous females per day were used to estimate parity rates and duration of the gonotrophic cycle. the numbers of females collected per day ranged from 261 to 74,443, and daily parity rates ranged from 0 to 91%. the overall parity rate ... | 1993 | 8459414 |
| [mineral fertilizers as regulators of the population count of culicidae. 2. the action of ammophos on aedes dorsalis mg larvae developing in mineralized reservoirs]. | the effect of the fertilizer ammophos on aedes dorsalis larvae developing in mineralized reservoirs of the "staraia russa" resort was tested in laboratory and field conditions. 100% death of ae. dorsalis larvae, stage iii-iv of development, and chrysalises was noted on day 2 in 0.5-1.0% ammophos water solution and on day 3 in 0.1% ammophos water solution. in natural mineralized reservoirs larvae and chrysalises died 10 days after treatment with ammophos at a dose of 350 g/m3. introduction of amm ... | 2009 | 1963203 |
| a field trial of ethyl hexanediol against aedes dorsalis in sonoma county, california. | the repellent ethyl hexanediol (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol) was tested against the mosquito aedes dorsalis in a coastal salt marsh in california. the experimental design incorporated a linear regression model, sequential treatments and a proportional end point (95%) for protection time. the protection time of 0.10 mg/cm2 ethyl hexanediol was estimated at 0.8 h. this time is shorter than that obtained previously for deet (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against ae. dorsalis (4.4 h). | 1989 | 2584970 |