| skin-piercing blood-sucking moths ii: studies on a further 3 adult calyptra [calpe] sp. (lepid., noctuidae). | 1. of the scarce calyptra minuticornis, c. orthograpta and c. labilis, 51, 24, and 7 adults, respectively, were observed during some 600 night inspections at over 100 sites in 1965--1967 and 1971--1977. 2. hitherto biologically completely unknown, and not recorded before in s.e. asia, the latter two species flew in or near tropical monsoon forests in hilly regions (300--600 m) of n. thailand (c. orthograpta also n. laos). c. minuticornis was found in these and in tropical evergreen and semi-ever ... | 1979 | 35931 |
| yersiniosis in farmed deer. | samples from 77 chital (axis axis), 42 fallow (dama dama), 26 red (cervus elaphus), 7 rusa (cervus timorensis) and 1 sambar deer (cervus unicolor) were examined. yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection was diagnosed as the cause of death in 6 (23%) of the red and 23 (30%) of the chital deer. yersiniosis was the most common infectious cause of death diagnosed. affected deer were usually found moribund or dead, often with faecal staining of the perineum. gross pathology in chital included a fibrinou ... | 1990 | 2222364 |
| parasites, diseases and health status of sympatric populations of sambar deer and white-tailed deer in florida. | from december 1983 to december 1984 a study on parasites, diseases and health status was conducted on sympatric populations of sambar deer (cervus unicolor) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from st. vincent island, franklin county, florida. ten sambar and six white-tailed deer were examined. white-tailed deer had antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus. serologic tests for antibodies to the etiologic agents of bovine virus diarrhea, infectious bovine ... | 1987 | 3035242 |
| haemaphysalis (kaiseriana) borneata sp. n. (ixodoidea: ixodidae), a tick of the h.(k.) aculeata group parasitizing the sambar deer in borneo. | | 1971 | 5133886 |
| haemaphysalis (h.) sumatraensis sp. n. (ixodoidea: ixodidae), a tick parasitizing the tiger, boar, and sambar deer in indonesia. | | 1971 | 5133889 |
| pathological lesions in livers of two indian sambars (cervus unicolor niger) infected with paramphistomum explanatum creplin, 1847; nasmark, 1937 gigantocotyle explanatum. | | 1969 | 5389383 |
| haemaphysalis (garnhamphysalis) mjoebergi: identity, structural variation and biosystematic implications, deer hosts, and distribution in borneo and sumatra (ixodoidea: ixodidae). | haemaphysalis (garnhamphysalis) mjoebergi warburton was reported from four male specimens from sarawak, borneo. we redescribe herein the male, from three specimens from sarawak and 24 from lampung district, sumatra, and describe the female from 24 specimens from lampung. male structural variation in the dental formula and development of the coxa iv spur and segments of legs iii and iv is unusual or unique in the genus haemaphysalis. "atypical" males might easily be misidentified. this species pr ... | 1982 | 7077439 |
| the prevalence of anti-leptospiral agglutinins in sera of wildlife in southeastern australia. | anti-leptospiral agglutinins were found in the serum from 18 (7 species) of 419 (25 species) animals sampled from various areas of southeastern australia. positive serologic reactions were observed in 5 of 25 (20%) brush-tailed possum (trichosurus vulpecula), 1 of 26 (3.8%) tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii), 2 of 12 (16.7%) swamp wallaby (wallabia bicolor), 1 of 3 (33.3%) koala (phascolarctos cinereus), 3 of 41 (7.3%) common wombat (vombatus ursinus), 2 of 100 (2%) bush rat (rattus fuscipes) and ... | 1981 | 7241704 |
| occurrence and pathology of gongylonema infection in captive wild herbivores. | gongylonema infection in 11 captive wild herbivores out of 214 animals (5.14%) was recorded at post mortem examination. species of animals affected were spotted deer (6.06%), sambar (7.14%), mouse deer (16.66%), nilgai (11.76%), serow (16.66%) and giraffe (20.0%). the affected areas showed fibrinous inflammation. on scanning electron microscopic study, destruction and disruption of the epithelium were noted, and cuticular bosses originating from the anterior tip of the parasite were observed. | 1994 | 8030183 |
| genetic analysis of evolutionary relationships among deer (subfamily cervinae). | the evolutionary relationships among 10 taxa of deer from the four genera of the subfamily cervinae (cervus, elaphurus, axis, and dama) were examined by a comparison of their electrophoretic types for 22 proteins. we analyzed the data using both phenetic and cladistic methods and found that the genera of the cervinae were not monophyletic. the genus cervus was split into two distinct groups with red deer, wapiti (c. elaphus ssp.), and sika (c. nippon) in one clade and sambar (c. unicolor) and ru ... | 1993 | 8340615 |
| isolation of coronaviruses antigenically indistinguishable from bovine coronavirus from wild ruminants with diarrhea. | diarrheal feces from three sambar deer and one waterbuck in a wild animal habitat and one white-tailed deer on a wildlife farm in ohio contained coronavirus particles which were agglutinated by antiserum to bovine coronavirus (bcv) in immune electron microscopy. three coronavirus strains were isolated in human rectal tumor cells from the feces of the sambar and white-tailed deer and the waterbuck, respectively. hemagglutination, receptor-destroying enzyme activity, indirect immunofluorescence, h ... | 1995 | 8586714 |
| sambar deer (cervus unicolor) x red deer (c. elaphus) interspecies hybrids. | the artificial insemination of 400 red deer hinds with sambar deer semen resulted in 31 pregnancies at day 40 (24 at day 100) and the birth of four calves. only one female calf was born alive. the artificial insemination of 10 sambar deer hinds with red deer semen resulted in five pregnancies at day 40, of which none went to term. gel electrophoresis of three blood proteins confirmed the live calf as the first documented sambar deer x red deer hydrid. g-banded karyotypes were consistent with the ... | 1997 | 9378911 |
| seasonal patterns of luteal cyclicity in young red deer (cervus elaphus) and sambar deer (cervus unicolor). | seasonal onset of pubertal ovulation and incidence of luteal cyclicity was assessed from plasma progesterone profiles over 15 months for tame red deer (n = 7) and sambar deer (n = 7) hinds. seasonal responses to photoperiod were determined from plasma prolactin profiles. all red deer attained puberty at 17-18 months of age in may-june and expressed 3-6 luteal cycles of length 20.0+/-10.4 days (mean+/-s.e.m.) over 52-102 days. six sambar deer attained puberty at 7-19 months of age, between august ... | 1997 | 9551662 |
| growth, voluntary food intake and digestion in farmed temperate and tropical deer. | growth and voluntary feed intake (vfi) in grazing temperate farmed deer species are influenced by the feeding value of the forage and the stage of the deer's seasonal cycle. liveweight gain (lwg) of growing red deer was greater when perennial ryegrass (0.80)/white clover (0.20) pasture was grazed at 10 cm than 5 cm surface height, but venison production by one year of age was still low. chicory and red clover were of superior feeding value for deer than perennial ryegrass-based pastures, increas ... | 1998 | 9704535 |
| basic hematological values in some wild ruminants in captivity. | analyses of hematological parameters were carried out on eight axis deer (cervus axis), 12 fallow deer (cervus dama), 16 red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus), three sambar (cervus unicolor), nine père david deer (elaphurus davidianus), 20 european bison (bison bonasus), seven nilgai (boselaphus tragocamelus), eight mouflon (ovis musimon), four white-bearded gnu (connochaetes taurinus) and six barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia). the following parameters were determined: packed cell volume, hemogl ... | 1999 | 10629960 |
| recognition of heterospecific alarm vocalizations by bonnet macaques (macaca radiata). | recognition of heterospecific alarm vocalizations is an essential component of antipredator behavior in several prey species. the authors examined the role of learning in the discrimination of heterospecific vocalizations by wild bonnet macaques (macaca radiata) in southern india the bonnet macaques' flight and scanning responses to playbacks of their own alarm vocalizations were compared with their responses to playbacks of vocalizations of nilgiri langurs (trachypithecus johnii), hanuman langu ... | 2000 | 10739307 |
| cytochrome b gene for species identification of the conservation animals. | a partial dna sequence of cytochrome b gene was used to identify the remains of endangered animals and species endemic to taiwan. the conservation of animals species included in this study were: the formosan gem-faced civets, leopard cats, tigers, clouded leopards, lion, formosan muntjacs, formosan sika deers, formosan sambars, formosan serows, water buffalo, formosan pangolins and formosan macaques. the control species used included domestic cats, domestic dogs, domestic sheeps, domestic cattle ... | 2001 | 11587860 |
| development of pcr assay for differentiation of some important wild animal meat of sri lanka. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to differentiate meat of ceylon spotted deer (axis axis ceylonensis), ceylon hog deer (a. porcius oryzus), ceylon sambhur (cervus unicolor unicolor) and barking deer (muntiacus muntijak malabaricus) from meat of cattle, goat, buffalo, pig, dog and sheep. a set of primers was designed according to the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of c. elaphus canadensis and by pcr amplification about 450 bp band was observed for all four an ... | 2002 | 12420866 |
| identification by r-banding and fish of chromosome arms involved in robertsonian translocations in several deer species. | we constructed and analyzed the rbg-banded karyotype of five deer species: chital (axis axis), white-lipped deer (cervus albirostris), rusa deer (cervus timorensis russa), sambar deer (cervus unicolor) and eld's deer (cervus eldi siamensis). among these five species, only eld's deer had been previously karyotyped using r-banding. in order to identify all the chromosome correspondences with cattle and precisely which chromosome arms are involved in robertsonian translocations, we compared the kar ... | 2003 | 14606627 |
| development of novel heminested pcr assays based on mitochondrial 16s rrna gene for identification of seven pecora species. | characterization of molecular markers and the development of better assays for precise and rapid detection of wildlife species are always in demand. this study describes a set of seven novel heminested pcr assays using specific primers designed based on species-specific polymorphism at the mitochondrial 16s rrna gene for identification of blackbuck, goral, nilgai, hog deer, chital, sambar and thamin deer. | 2005 | 16095528 |
| traditional knowledge on zootherapeutic uses by the saharia tribe of rajasthan, india. | the present zootherapeutic study describes the traditional knowledge related to the use of different animals and animal-derived products as medicines by the saharia tribe reside in the shahabad and kishanganj panchayat samiti's of baran district of rajasthan, india. a field survey was conducted from april to june 2006 by performing interview through structured questionnaire with 21 selected respondents, who provided information regarding use of animals and their products in folk medicine. a tota ... | 2007 | 17547781 |
| bovine-like coronaviruses isolated from four species of captive wild ruminants are homologous to bovine coronaviruses, based on complete genomic sequences. | we sequenced and analyzed the full-length genomes of four coronaviruses (covs), each from a distinct wild-ruminant species in ohio: sambar deer (cervus unicolor), a waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus), a sable antelope (hippotragus niger), and a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). the fecal samples from the sambar deer, the waterbuck, and the white-tailed deer were collected during winter dysentery outbreaks and sporadic diarrhea cases in 1993 and 1994 (h. tsunemitsu, z. r. el-kanawati, d. ... | 2008 | 18842722 |
| sequence characterization and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the mitochondrial dna 12s rrna gene provides a method for species identification of indian deer. | characterization of species-specific molecular markers and development of a method for identification of indian deer species is necessary to monitor illegal trade of parts and products for better conservation and management of the endangered species. in this investigation, we characterized the 12s rrna gene sequence for differentiation of indian deer species and developed a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp)-based method for their identification. univer ... | 2008 | 19462513 |
| an ethnozoological study in the adjoining areas of mount abu wildlife sanctuary, india. | there is evidence that human beings are familiar with use of animals for food, cloth, medicine, etc. since ancient times. enormous work has been done on ethnobotany and traditional medicine. like plants, animal and their products are also possessing medicinal properties that can be exploited for the benefit of human beings. in india, many ethnic communities are dispersed all over the country and these people are still totally depended on local traditional medicinal system for their health care. ... | 2010 | 20144243 |
| [non-indigenous and non-specific parasitic nematodes--the background and the consequences]. | introduction of the host is the main reason behind introduction of the parasite, e. g., nematodes. the introduction of the japanese eel (anguilla japonica) in europe in the 1980s resulted in expansion of the swimbladder nematode anguillicola crassus which soon invaded not only populations of the european eel (a. anguilla), but also other local fish. the raccoon (procyon lotor) is native to north america. it is the specific host of strongyloides procyonis and baylisascaris procyonis. more than 90 ... | 2009 | 20209803 |
| suppurative meningitis in a 7-day-old formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei) caused by escherichia coli. | this article describes the clinical and pathological features of an orphan 7-day-old, male formosan sambar fawn that was hospitalized for treatment of weakness. the fawn had been deprived of colostrum and developed suppurative meningitis that was attributed to escherichia coli. | 2010 | 20514257 |
| dystocia in formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei) in semi-domesticated herds. | over a nine-year period (2000 to 2008), 22 instances of dystocia and 50 normal fawnings in formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei) hinds from semi-domesticated herds were investigated. the majority of the hinds (17, 77.3 per cent) that suffered dystocia were categorised as having a body condition score (bcs) in the medium range (between 2.5 and 3.5 inclusive), indicating that there was no significant relationship between obesity (bcs >3.5) in hinds and the occurrence of dystocia. in addi ... | 2010 | 20562378 |
| the antiinfective effects of velvet antler of formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei) on staphylococcus aureus-infected mice. | we assayed the effects of velvet antler (va) of formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei) and its extracts on the anti-infective activity against pathogenic staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo in this study. in vitro data indicated that the va extracts stimulated the proliferation of resting splenocytes and macrophages in a dose-dependent manner up to the highest concentration used (150 μg ml(-1)). the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tnf-α, il-6, il-12) by lipoteichoic acid ... | 2011 | 21584242 |
| effect of the velvet antler of formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei) on the prevention of an allergic airway response in mice. | two mouse models were used to assay the antiallergic effects of the velvet antler (va) of formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei) in this study. the results using the ovalbumin- (ova-) sensitized mouse model showed that the levels of total ige and ova-specific ige were reduced after va powder was administrated for 4 weeks. in addition, the ex vivo results indicated that the secretion of t helper cell 1 (th1), regulatory t (treg), and th17 cytokines by splenocytes was significantly increa ... | 2012 | 23346203 |
| interspecific and geographic variation in the diets of sympatric carnivores: dingoes/wild dogs and red foxes in south-eastern australia. | dingoes/wild dogs (canis dingo/familiaris) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are widespread carnivores in southern australia and are controlled to reduce predation on domestic livestock and native fauna. we used the occurrence of food items in 5875 dingo/wild dog scats and 11,569 fox scats to evaluate interspecific and geographic differences in the diets of these species within nine regions of victoria, south-eastern australia. the nine regions encompass a wide variety of ecosystems. diet overlap be ... | 2015 | 25790230 |
| animals and their products utilized as medicines by the inhabitants surrounding the ranthambhore national park, india. | the present ethnozoological study describes the traditional knowledge related to the use of different animals and animal-derived products as medicines by the inhabitants of villages surrounding the ranthambhore national park of india (bawaria, mogya, meena), which is well known for its very rich biodiversity. the field survey was conducted from may to july 2005 by performing interviews through structured questionnaires with 24 informants (16 men and 8 women), who provided information regarding t ... | 2006 | 17081314 |
| reliable discrimination of 10 ungulate species using high resolution melting analysis of faecal dna. | identifying species occupying an area is essential for many ecological and conservation studies. faecal dna is a potentially powerful method for identifying cryptic mammalian species. in new zealand, 10 species of ungulate (order: artiodactyla) have established wild populations and are managed as pests because of their impacts on native ecosystems. however, identifying the ungulate species present within a management area based on pellet morphology is unreliable. we present a method that enables ... | 2014 | 24637802 |
| deer antler extract improves fatigue effect through altering the expression of genes related to muscle strength in skeletal muscle of mice. | deer antler is a well-known traditional chinese medicine used in asian countries for the tonic and the improvement of aging symptoms. the present study was designed to investigate the antifatigue effect and mechanism of formosan sambar deer tip antler extract (fsdtae). the swimming times to exhaustion of mice administered fsdtae (8.2 mg/day) for 28 days were apparently longer than those of the vehicle-treated mice in forced swim test. however, the indicators of fatigue, such as the reduction in ... | 2014 | 24701242 |
| detection of 40 bp insertion-deletion (indel) in mitochondrial control region among sambar (rusa unicolor) populations in india. | the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region is extensively used in the phylogeography of species. we examined sequence variations in the mtdna control region of sambar (rusa unicolor) populations from the south, central and north india. | 2015 | 26483190 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia, anaplasma, coxiella and francisella bacteria in ticks collected from artiodactyla in thailand. | a total of 79 ticks collected from sambar deer (cervus unicolor), barking deer (muntiacus muntjak) and wild boar (sus scrofa) were examined by pcr for the presence of rickettsia, anaplasma, coxiella, and francisella bacteria. of the 79 ticks, 13% tested positive for rickettsia, 15% tested positive for anaplasma, 4% tested positive for coxiella, and 3% tested positive for francisella. interestingly, triple infection with anaplasma, rickettsia and francisella was determined in a dermacentor auratu ... | 2016 | 26934997 |
| expression and biochemical characterization of two novel feruloyl esterases derived from fecal samples of rusa unicolor and equus burchelli. | two novel genes (tvms10a, tvmz2a) were identified in the metagenomic dna of rusa unicolor and equus burchelli fecal samples. the amplified pcr product of tvms10a is composed of 917bp and the gene was found to encode a protein containing 165 amino acids, while the tvmz2a pcr product was 1053bp long encoding 298 amino acid proteins. the gene has 72% primary sequence identity with clostridiales sp. these amplified pcr products which can encode fae were cloned into pgemt easy ta cloning vector and t ... | 2012 | 22441123 |
| hepatozoon and theileria species detected in ticks collected from mammals and snakes in thailand. | we report the detection of hepatozoon and theileria in 103 ticks from mammals and snakes in thailand. by using a genus-specific 18s rrna pcr, hepatozoon and theileria spp. were detected in 8% and 18%, respectively, of ticks (n=79) removed from mammals. of the ticks removed from snakes (n=24), 96% were infected with hepatozoon spp., but none were infected with theileria. phylogenetic analysis revealed that hepatozoon spp. detected from dermacentor astrosignatus and dermacentor auratus ticks from ... | 2015 | 25736475 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. bovis infection in feedlot deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei and c. nippon taiouanus) in taiwan. | mycobacterium bovis frequently infects wild and farm deer species with tuberculosis. this study investigated mycobacterial infection in two native deer species cervus unicolor swinhoei (formosan sambar, sambar) and c. nippon taiouanus (formasan sika, sika). | 2012 | 22578646 |
| elaeophora in the meninges of a malayan sambar (rusa unicolor equina). | an adult nematode was grossly identified in the meninges of a malayan sambar (rusa unicolor equina), with numerous microfilariae associated with encephalitis and vasculitis on histopathology. the nematode was confirmed to be elaeophora schneideri by sequencing a portion of the 18s rrna gene. our report highlights the potential for aberrant migration of e. schneideri in exotic deer species and the use of advanced testing to specifically identify this metazoan parasite, avoiding misidentification ... | 2016 | 27664097 |
| growth and reproductive performance of sambar deer in sabal forest reserve of sarawak, malaysia. | we examined the growth, reproduction, rutting behavior, and health status of sambar deer (cervus unicolor brookei) in secondary acacia mangium plantation. the data were collected over 11 years from a breeding herd of 21 stags and 33 hinds in sabal forest reserve, sarawak, malaysia. brody's growth model of the pooled data is y t = 148.56 (1 - 0.98e(-0.023t)), which estimates that maximum weights of adults are 184 and 115 kg for males and females respectively. sambar deer are nonseasonal breeders ... | 2013 | 23475732 |
| density and carrying capacity in the forgotten tigerland: tigers in understudied nepalese churia. | while there are numerous wildlife ecology studies in lowland areas of nepal, there are no in-depth studies of the hilly churia habitat even though it comprises 7,642 km(2) of potential wildlife habitat across the terai arc. we investigated tiger, leopard, and prey densities across this understudied habitat. our camera trapping survey covered 536 km(2) of churia and surrounding areas within chitwan national park (cnp). we used 161 trapping locations and accumulated 2,097 trap nights in a 60-day s ... | 2016 | 27734629 |
| prevalence of parasitic infection in captive wild animals in bir moti bagh mini zoo (deer park), patiala, punjab. | the study was conducted to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of captive wild animals at bir moti bagh mini zoo (deer park), patiala, punjab. | 2016 | 27397973 |
| wildlife in the matrix: spatio-temporal patterns of herbivore occurrence in karnataka, india. | wildlife reserves are becoming increasingly isolated from the surrounding human-dominated landscapes particularly in asia. it is imperative to understand how species are distributed spatially and temporally in and outside reserves, and what factors influence their occurrence. this study surveyed 7500 km(2) landscape surrounding five reserves in the western ghats to examine patterns of occurrence of five herbivores: elephant, gaur, sambar, chital, and pig. species distributions are modeled spatio ... | 2016 | 26319143 |
| sequence characterization of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene in mouse deer (moschiola indica) for pcr-rflp based species identification. | mitochondrial 12s rrna has proven to be a useful molecular marker for better conservation and management of the endangered species. polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) of the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene has proven to be a reliable and efficient tool for the identification of different indian deer species of family cervidae. in the present study, mitochondrial 12s rrna gene sequence of mouse deer (moschiola indica) belonging to the family tragulidae was c ... | 2013 | 24455258 |
| cryopreservation of adult cervid testes. | several species of cervids are currently classified as threatened or endangered due to a rapid decline in their populations. sperm cryopreservation, in association with assisted reproductive technologies, can find application for the conservation of endangered cervids. in cases of unsuccessful sperm retrieval through other means prior to the death of the animal, adult testis is the only source of sperm. recovery of viable sperm from adult testes depends on the effective preservation of testicula ... | 2017 | 27890704 |
| documentation and quantitative analysis of local ethnozoological knowledge among traditional healers of theni district, tamil nadu, india. | this study investigated the use of animals among the traditional healers in theni district of tamil nadu, india. the data regarding the medicinal animals/animal products were documented and their usages were analyzed quantitatively. | 2014 | 24680989 |
| how does a carnivore guild utilise a substantial but unpredictable anthropogenic food source? scavenging on hunter-shot ungulate carcasses by wild dogs/dingoes, red foxes and feral cats in south-eastern australia revealed by camera traps. | there is much interest in understanding how anthropogenic food resources subsidise carnivore populations. carcasses of hunter-shot ungulates are a potentially substantial food source for mammalian carnivores. the sambar deer (rusa unicolor) is a large (≥ 150 kg) exotic ungulate that can be hunted throughout the year in south-eastern australia, and hunters are not required to remove or bury carcasses. we investigated how wild dogs/dingoes and their hybrids (canis lupus familiaris/dingo), red foxe ... | 2014 | 24918425 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of cervus elaphus songaricus (cetartiodactyla: cervinae) and a phylogenetic analysis with related species. | complete mitochondrial genome of tianshan wapiti, cervus elaphus songaricus, is 16,419 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes and 1 control region. the phylogenetic trees were reconstructed with the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes using maximum parsimony (mp) and bayesian inference (bi) methods. mp and bi phylogenetic trees here showed an identical tree topology. the monopoly of red deer, wapiti and sika deer was well suppo ... | 2016 | 24725059 |
| evidence of higher levels of testosterone during the velvet period in muntjac than in other cervids. | previous studies have shown that despite having a clear seasonal fluctuation in fecal testosterone concentration, the significantly lower testosterone levels found in velvet stags of the nonseasonal breeder muntjac (muntiacus sp.) apparently did not stop their spermatogenesis as in other deer species. in the present study, in vitro cultivated leydig cells isolated from adult stags of three native deer species of taiwan were treated with androstenedione, with or without adding human chorionic gon ... | 2014 | 24220360 |
| the effect of different extenders on post-thaw sperm survival, acrosomal integrity and longevity in cryopreserved semen of formosan sika deer and formosan sambar deer. | this study investigates the efficacy of five extenders in contributing to the outcome of semen cryopreservation in formosan sika and sambar deer. pooled semen (n=4) of six males of each breed was used. in sika deer, semen collection rate was 96% (23/24) over all electro-ejaculations. volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration of fresh ejaculates was 0.5+/-0.4 ml, 77+/-6% and 1471.3+/-940.0 x 10(6) ml(-1), respectively. post-thaw motility in respective extender was a: 66+/-16%; b: 71+/-2%; c: ... | 2004 | 15019458 |
| first record of chrysomya albiceps wiedemann, 1819 (diptera: calliphoridae) maggots from a sambar deer (rusa unicolor) in kerala, south india. | fully grown third stage larvae (liii) of chrysomya albiceps were recovered from aberrant sites viz. trachea and rumen during necropsy of a free-range sambar deer that had been observed to bear an inflamed tongue infested with maggots and subsequently died due to starvation. five dead maggots of c. bezziana were also recovered from rumen. the aberrant locations of the recovery of the maggots indicated that they might have reached these sites accidentally. this is the first report of liii of c. al ... | 2012 | 24082544 |
| selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests, bony orbit anatomy, and ocular histology in sambar deer (rusa unicolor). | the purpose of this study was to establish reference values for diagnostic ophthalmic tests in sambar deer (rusa unicolor) as well as to describe the most relevant features of the bony orbital anatomy and ocular histology. | 2015 | 25273613 |
| functional differences within a guild of tropical mammalian frugivores. | many plants interact with groups of mutualist pollinators and seed dispersers. a key issue for both basic ecology and conservation is whether the different species within these guilds of mutualist animals are functionally equivalent. comparing the relative effects of sympatric mutualists is important for understanding the evolution of multispecies mutualisms and for predicting mutualism stability in the face of anthropogenic change. however, empirical comparisons of the population-level impacts ... | 2009 | 19341139 |
| evaluating multispecies landscape connectivity in a threatened tropical mammal community. | habitat corridors are important tools for maintaining connectivity in increasingly fragmented landscapes, but generally they have been considered in single-species approaches. corridors intended to facilitate the movement of multiple species could increase persistence of entire communities, but at the likely cost of being less efficient for any given species than a corridor intended specifically for that species. there have been few tests of the trade-offs between single- and multispecies corrid ... | 2015 | 25065425 |
| noninvasive assessment of gastrointestinal parasites infection in free-ranging wild herbivores and adjoining livestock of panna tiger reserve, madhya pradesh, india. | this study was conducted to know the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of free-ranging wild herbivores and adjoining livestock of panna tiger reserve, madhya pradesh, india. | 2017 | 28831216 |
| livestock guardian dogs as surrogate top predators? how maremma sheepdogs affect a wildlife community. | use of livestock guardian dogs (lgds) to reduce predation on livestock is increasing. however, how these dogs influence the activity of wildlife, including predators, is not well understood. we used pellet counts and remote cameras to investigate the effects of free ranging lgds on four large herbivores (eastern gray kangaroo, common wombat, swamp wallaby, and sambar deer) and one mesopredator (red fox) in victoria, australia. generalized mixed models and one- and two-species detection models we ... | 2016 | 27777741 |
| retort process modelling for indian traditional foods. | indian traditional staple and snack food is typically a heterogeneous recipe that incorporates varieties of vegetables, lentils and other ingredients. modelling the retorting process of multilayer pouch packed indian food was achieved using lumped-parameter approach. a unified model is proposed to estimate cold point temperature. initial process conditions, retort temperature and % solid content were the significantly affecting independent variables. a model was developed using combination of ve ... | 0 | 26396305 |
| first record in south asia of deer throat bot fly larvae pharyngomyia picta (meigen, 1824) (diptera: oesteridae) from sambar deer (rusa unicolor), a new host record. | the bot fly larvae, identified to be the third instars of the deer throat bot fly pharyngomyia picta were recovered from the lumen of trachea and secondary bronchi during the necropsy of a female sambar deer (rusa unicolor) in kerala, india. this forms the first report of p. picta from india and the whole of south asia. sambar deer is a new host record for the larvae of this fly. morphological description of the third stage larvae with supporting figures are presented. | 2012 | 22735848 |
| first detection and genetic characterisation of enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild deer in melbourne's water catchments in australia. | enterocytozoon bieneusi is reported to be a common microsporidian of humans and animals in various countries. however, e. bieneusi has yet to be recorded in animals in australia. here, we undertook the first molecular epidemiological investigation of e. bieneusi in three species of deer (cervus elaphus, dama dama and rusa unicolor) that live in the catchment areas that supply the city of melbourne with drinking water. | 2018 | 29295716 |
| acoustic structure of alarm calls in indian sambar (rusa unicolor) and indian muntjac (muntiacus vaginalis) in south vietnam. | the alarm call acoustic structure and nonlinear vocal phenomena of the indian sambar (rusa unicolor) and northern indian muntjac (muntiacus vaginalis) have been analyzed in detail as well as their vocal behavior in response to mobbing humans under natural conditions of southern vietnam. the alarm calls of sambars, tonal barks separated by large intervals, were produced by animals standing on the place and gazing at a potentially dangerous object. muntjacs flee off in danger and produced a series ... | 2017 | 28702724 |
| calicophoron microbothrioides (price and mcintosh, 1944) (paramphistomidae: paramphistominae) in malaysian sambar deer (cervus unicolor). | amphistomes of calicophoron microbothrioides were recovered from the rumen of a malaysian sambar deer (cervus unicolor). some measurements and illustrations of c. microbothrioides are given. this is a new host record for the species c. microbothrioides. | 1987 | 16031343 |
| prevalence of chromosome anomalies in a deer farm with fertility decline in malaysia. | a number of factors are known to reduce fertility rate in animals and one of the important categories of such factors is chromosome anomalies. they can occur with or without causing phenotypic abnormalities on animals; in some cases, they may directly affect meiosis, gametogenesis and the viability of conceptus. in many instances, balanced structural rearrangements can be transmitted to offspring, affecting fertility in subsequent generations. | 2020 | 32670608 |
| molecular investigation of anaplasma spp. in domestic and wildlife animals in peninsular malaysia. | anaplasma spp. are gram-negative obligate intracellular, tick-borne bacteria which are of medical and veterinary importance. little information is available on anaplasma infection affecting domestic and wildlife animals in malaysia. this study investigated the presence of anaplasma spp. in the blood samples of domestic and wildlife animals in peninsular malaysia, using polymerase chain reaction (ehr-pcr) assays targeting the 16s rrna gene of anaplasmataceae. high detection rates (60.7% and 59.0% ... | 2018 | 31014863 |
| human-mediated introduction of introgressed deer across wallace's line: historical biogeography of rusa unicolor and r. timorensis. | in this study we compared the phylogeographic patterns of two rusa species, rusa unicolor and rusa timorensis, in order to understand what drove and maintained differentiation between these two geographically and genetically close species and investigated the route of introduction of individuals to the islands outside of the sunda shelf. we analyzed full mitogenomes from 56 archival samples from the distribution areas of the two species and 18 microsatellite loci in a subset of 16 individuals to ... | 2018 | 29435225 |
| multiplex pcrs for the specific identification of marsupial and deer species from faecal samples as a basis for non-invasive epidemiological studies of parasites. | the specific identification of animals through the analysis of faecal dna is important in many areas of scientific endeavour, particularly in the field of parasitology. | 2020 | 32188474 |
| patterns of human-wildlife conflict and compensation practices around daxueshan nature reserve, china. | understanding the spatial patterns of human-wildlife conflict is essential to inform management decisions to encourage coexistence, but it is constrained by the lack of spatially-explicit data. we collected spatially-implicit data of human-wildlife conflicts from 2009-2015 around daxueshan nature reserve, yunnan, china, and investigated the patterns and drivers of these conflicts. a questionnaire was also designed to capture local resident attitudes toward insurance-based compensation for the lo ... | 2018 | 29872032 |
| rapid molecular assays for species and sex identification of swamp deer and other coexisting cervids in human-dominated landscapes of the terai region and upper gangetic plains, northern india: implications in understanding species distribution and population parameters. | burgeoning pressures of habitat loss is a major cause of herbivore decline across india, forcing them to coexist with humans in non-protected areas. their conservation in such landscapes is challenging due to paucity of ecological and demographic information. the northern subspecies of swamp deer, rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii, is one such herbivore that lives across human dominated landscapes in terai region and upper gangetic plains of north india. here, we describe species-specific molecular ... | 2019 | 31204725 |
| spatio-temporal partitioning and coexistence between leopard (panthera pardus fusca) and asiatic lion (panthera leo persica) in gir protected area, gujarat, india. | time and space are essential niche dimensions along which species tend to coexist. we assessed spatiotemporal resource partitioning between leopards and lions and hypothesized the differential use of spatiotemporal resources by leopards with respect to lions. we used a systematic camera trap survey to collect the data at 50 sites. the data were analyzed using overlap indices, and non-parametric test statistics to assess the spatiotemporal associations. leopard and lion were crepuscular and noctu ... | 2020 | 32160193 |
| spatially explicit density and its determinants for asiatic lions in the gir forests. | asiatic lions (panthera leo persica) are an icon of conservation success, yet their status is inferred from total counts that cannot account for detection bias and double counts. with an effort of 4,797 km in 725 km2 of western gir protected area, india, we used polygon search based spatially explicit capture recapture framework to estimate lion density. using vibrissae patterns and permanent body marks we identified 67 lions from 368 lion sightings. we conducted distance sampling on 35 transect ... | 2020 | 32074110 |
| impact of prey occupancy and other ecological and anthropogenic factors on tiger distribution in thailand's western forest complex. | despite conservation efforts, large mammals such as tigers (panthera tigris) and their main prey, gaur (bos gaurus), banteng (bos javanicus), and sambar (rusa unicolor), are highly threatened and declining across their entire range. the only large viable source population of tigers in mainland southeast asia occurs in thailand's western forest complex (wefcom), an approximately 19,000 km2 landscape of 17 contiguous protected areas.we used an occupancy modeling framework, which accounts for imper ... | 2019 | 30891192 |
| estimating densities of large herbivores in tropical forests: rigorous evaluation of a dung-based method. | when sighting-based surveys to estimate population densities of large herbivores in tropical dense forests are not practical or affordable, surveys that rely on animal dung are sometimes used. this study tested one such dung-based method by deriving population densities from observed dung densities of six large herbivores (chital, elephant, gaur, muntjac, sambar, and wild pig) in two habitats, dry deciduous forests (ddf) and moist deciduous forests (mdf), within nagarahole national park, souther ... | 2018 | 30151151 |
| [herbalogical study on cervi colla]. | cervi colla, deer's gelatin, had two kinds of original sources historically, including the skin and antler of deer, known as cervi corii colla(lupijiao, lpj) and cervi cornus colla(lujiaojiao, ljj) respectively.ljj is the mainstream of the market, while lpj is only used by common people in guizhou and jilin etc. this article sorted out the ancient and modern literature(since rites of the zhou in zhou dynasty) on cervi colla and conducted the herbalogical study. the results of the study include:① ... | 2020 | 32237464 |
| comparison of anti-inflammatory effect and protein profile between the water extracts from formosan sambar deer and red deer. | velvet antler (va), the unossified antler from members of the family cervidae, has been used in traditional chinese medicines and health foods for over 2000 years in enhancement of kidney function and treatment or prevention of cardiovascular, immunological and gynaecological disease. the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of velvet antler water extracts from formosan sambar deer (rusa unicolor swinhoei, svae) and red deer (cervus elaphus, rvae). results indicated ... | 2018 | 30249326 |
| evidence of two genetically different lymphotropic herpesviruses present among red deer, sambar, and milu herds in china. | herpesvirus infections in cervidae are a serious threat affecting some deer species worldwide. in our attempt to identify malignant catarrhal fever-associated herpesviruses in deer herds, ten gammaherpesviral dna fragments were identified in five species of deer in herds in china by using a pan-herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction assay targeting viral dna polymerase. notably, in sambar (rusa unicolor), a novel gamma-2 herpesvirus was identified that showed a close relationship with fallow deer ... | 2018 | 30041287 |
| rapid identification of cervus antlers by species-specific pcr assay. | a rapid pcr technology was developed to differentiate cervus antlers species and adulteration based on the difference in mitochondrial genome. three specifically designed primer sets were confirmed to have high inter-species specificity and good intra-species stability. limits of detection were estimated to be 1 ng of genomes for reindeer and 10 ng for the other species. especially, when the mixture of cervus antlers and reindeer or sambar was assayed, these primer sets still exhibited strong ca ... | 2020 | 30663383 |
| karyotypic evolution of a novel cervid satellite dna family isolated by microdissection from the indian muntjac y-chromosome. | a minilibrary was constructed from dop-pcr products using microdissected y-chromosomes of indian muntjac as dna templates. two microclones designated as im-y4-52 and im-y5-7 were obtained from negative screening of all three cervid satellite dnas (satellites i, ii, and iv). these two microclones were 295 and 382 bp in size, respectively, and shared approximately 70% sequence homology. southern blot analysis showed that the im-y4-52 clone was repetitive in nature with an approximately 0.32-kb reg ... | 2005 | 15827746 |
| applied anatomy and clinical significance of the maxillofacial and mandibular regions of the barking deer (muntiacus muntjak) and sambar deer (rusa unicolor). | there is no previously reported information on the applied anatomy and clinical significance of the maxillofacial and mandibular regions of the barking deer and sambar deer. therefore, the present study was designed to provide some important clinical landmarks related to tracking of the infraorbital, mental and mandibular nerves with its clinical implications in regional anaesthesia in both the species. in the present study, the distance between the most lateral bulging of the facial tuberosity ... | 2020 | 32491187 |
| updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from brazil. | an updated and annotated checklist of mammals occurring in brazil is presented. a total of 751 native species, distributed in 249 genera, 51 families and 11 orders were recorded to the country. the brazilian mammalian fauna shows an elevated rate of endemism (30%; 223 species). among the species evaluated by iucn (668 species; 90%), a total of 80 (10.6% of total mammalian fauna) are threatened, 28 (3.9%) are considered as near threatened, two species (0.3%) are presumable extinct, 96 (12.8%) are ... | 2020 | 32813766 |
| wild fallow deer (dama dama) as definitive hosts of fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) in alpine new south wales. | to determine the extent to which wild deer are contributing in the transmission of fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) livers from deer shot by hunters, farmers undertaking population control on their farms and vertebrate pest controllers were collected and frozen. the livers were later thawed, sliced and examined for the presence of adult flukes or evidence of past infection. livers from 19 deer were examined (18 fallow [dama dama] and one sambar [rusa unicolor]). seventeen of the fallow deer were ... | 2020 | 32743841 |
| encephalitis induced by a newly discovered ruminant rhadinovirus in a free-living formosan sambar deer (rusa unicolor swinhoei). | we documented a case of a free-living formosan sambar deer (rusa unicolor swinhoei) infected with a newly discovered ruminant rhadinovirus (rurv). non-purulent encephalitis was the primary histological lesion of the sambar deer. we conducted nested pcr to screen for herpesvirus using generic primers targeting the dna polymerase gene. in addition, we found that dna polymerase gene of the sambar deer rurv was present in the macrophage distributed in the virchow robin space with histopathologic les ... | 2018 | 29607882 |
| defaunation and habitat disturbance interact synergistically to alter seedling recruitment. | vertebrate granivores destroy plant seeds, but whether animal-induced seed mortality alters plant recruitment varies with habitat context, seed traits, and among granivore species. an incomplete understanding of seed predation makes it difficult to predict how widespread extirpations of vertebrate granivores in tropical forests might affect tree communities, especially in the face of habitat disturbance. many tropical forests are simultaneously affected by animal loss as well as habitat disturba ... | 2017 | 28660670 |
| reproductive seasonality and rate of increase of wild sambar deer (rusa unicolor) in a new environment, victoria, australia. | sambar (rusa unicolor) are the most numerous and rapidly expanding of australia's six introduced deer species, however, there is little information about the reproductive biology of sambar deer in their natural habitat. to better predict and manage wild sambar populations in australia it is important to understand their reproductive seasonality and rate of population growth. from results of the present study, there is reporting of field estimates of age at first breeding, reproductive lifespan, ... | 2020 | 33166829 |
| high morbidity cutaneous enzootic myiasis by dermatobia hominis (diptera: oestridae) in sambar deer (rusa unicolor). | this study describes the first known occurrence and treatment of enzootic cutaneous myiasis by dermatobia hominis in a herd of sambar deer (rusa unicolor). sambar deer are clinically affected by enzootic cutaneous myiasis during the spring and summer in rio de janeiro, brazil. through direct inspection and clinicopathological evaluation in the herd with 80 r. unicolor, it was observed that infestation by d. hominis caused 100% morbidity. at histological exam, skin had eosinophilic and granulomat ... | 2020 | 33068152 |
| the effect of rusa unicolor antler deer extracts from east kalimantan in bone turnover cell models. | osteoporosis is a condition characterized by skeletal degradation of osseous tissue resulting in an escalated chance of broken bones. traditionally, rusa unicolor horn from east kalimantan is used to treat many diseases, including conditions associated with bone turnover. the aim of the present research was to analyze the effects of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of r. unicolor antler's horn from east kalimantan on nitric oxide inhibition, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization related ... | 2020 | 32939141 |
| the antler cycle and fecal testosterone of male sambar deer rusa unicolor unicolor at the horton plains national park in sri lanka. | this study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between endogenous testosterone levels and antler development in male sambar deer (rusa unicolor unicolor) inhabiting the horton plains national park, sri lanka. seven antler growth stages of sambar were documented based on phenotypic observations for the first time in sri lanka as (a) cast, (b) growing 1-single spike, (c) growing 2-antler fork into a y as the second tine appears, (d) growing 3-velvet begins to harden as the third tine appears, ... | 2020 | 32626755 |
| ixodid tick vectors of wild mammals and reptiles of southern india. | we aimed to focus on the ixodid ticks parasitizing wild mammals and reptiles from wayanad wildlife sanctuary, western ghat, southern india. | 2018 | 30584551 |
| different megafauna vary in their seed dispersal effectiveness of the megafaunal fruit platymitra macrocarpa (annonaceae). | the world's largest terrestrial animals (megafauna) can play profound roles in seed dispersal. yet, the term 'megafauna' is often used to encompass a diverse range of body sizes and physiologies of, primarily, herbivorous animals. to determine the extent to which these animals varied in their seed dispersal effectiveness (sde), we compared the contribution of different megafauna for the large-fruited platymitra macrocarpa (annonaceae), in a tropical evergreen forest in thailand. we quantified 's ... | 2018 | 30020929 |
| relationships between antioxidants and quality characteristics from velvet antlers of formosan sambar deer. | the quality characteristics of velvet antlers obtained from formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoi) (sdva), harvested from 63 to 81 d during the velvet antler growth period, were evaluated by investigating the relationships between antioxidant levels; including content, activity, and content/activity ratios, and physical properties; including shear force values, color, and ca content. the hardness of samples from base velvet antler sections increased, and that the color of these samples t ... | 2017 | 28943767 |
| sambar, an indian dish prevents the development of dimethyl hydrazine-induced colon cancer: a preclinical study. | colon cancer (cc) is the third commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of mortality in the us when compared to india where prevalence is less. possible reason could be the vegetarian diet comprising spices used in curry powders. researchers believe that 70% of the cases are associated with diet. spices have inherited a rich tradition for their flavor and medicinal properties. researchers have been oriented towards spices present in food items for their antitumorigenic properties. | 2016 | 27761072 |
| poisoning by the swainsonine-containing plant sida carpinifolia in captive sambar deer (cervus unicolor). | plant intoxications in wildlife are difficult to diagnose, are overlooked, or are sometimes even neglected. hence, factors that induce wild animals to ingest poisonous plants have not been sufficiently documented. an outbreak of glycoprotein storage disease in sambar deer ( cervus unicolor ), induced by ingestion of the swainsonine-containing plant, common wireweed (sida carpinifolia), is reported. nine out of 55 deer held by a zoo in brazil were affected. the poisoning was characterized by emac ... | 2016 | 27691940 |
| congenital cataract associated with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and persistent tunica vasculosa lentis in a sambar deer (rusa unicolor) - clinical, ultrasonographic, and histological findings. | ultrasonography suggested the diagnosis of cataract associated with persistent fetal intraocular vasculature in a 26-day-old sambar deer. the deer was ill and died despite intense critical care. globes were removed. histological characteristics of persistent fetal vasculature and secondary cataract are reported expanding the knowledge of ophthalmic disorders in wild ungulates. | 2016 | 27386118 |
| cryopreservation of sambar deer semen in thailand. | little is known of the different freezing and thawing techniques for post-thaw survival of spermatozoa in sambar deer. so, this study determined the effect of seminal plasma, egg yolk and glycerol extenders and their concentrations, plus cooling, freezing, and thawing protocols on the post-thaw quality of their semen. semen samples were collected by electro-ejaculation from four thai sambar deer stags (cervus unicolor equinus). as evaluated by post-thaw progressive motility and acrosome integrit ... | 2015 | 25913733 |
| browsing preference and ecological carrying capacity of sambar deer (cervus unicolor brookei) on secondary vegetation in forest plantation. | the browsing preference and ecological carrying capacity (ecc) of sambar deer (cervus unicolor brookei) in acacia plantations for management and conservation of the ecosystem were investigated at sabal forest reserve in sarawak, malaysia. the identification of the species browsed by the sambar deer was based on an observation of the plant parts consumed. ecc estimation was based on body weight (bw) and the physiological stages of animals browsed in six fenced 4-ha paddocks. sambar deer were foun ... | 2015 | 25163638 |
| polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from cervus unicolor (cervidae) show inbreeding in a domesticated population of taiwan sambar deer. | primers for eight microsatellites were developed; they successfully amplified dna from 20 domesticated formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei). all loci were polymorphic, with 10-19 alleles per locus. the average observed heterozygosity across loci and samples was 0.310, ranging from 0 to 0.750 at each locus. all loci but one, cu18, deviated from hardy-weinberg equilibrium due to excessive homozygosity in these domesticated broodstocks, reflecting inbreeding. these microsatellite loci wi ... | 2014 | 24938607 |
| using presence-only and presence-absence data to estimate the current and potential distributions of established invasive species. | 1.predicting the current and potential distributions of established invasive species is critical for evaluating management options, but methods for differentiating these distributions have received little attention. in particular, there is uncertainty among invasive species managers about the value of information from incidental sightings compared to data from designed field surveys. this study compares the two approaches, and develops a unifying framework, using the case of invasive sambar deer ... | 2011 | 21339812 |
| bushmeat poaching reduces the seed dispersal and population growth rate of a mammal-dispersed tree. | myriad tropical vertebrates are threatened by overharvest. whether this harvest has indirect effects on nonhunted organisms that interact with the game species is a critical question. many tropical birds and mammals disperse seeds. their overhunting in forests can cause zoochorous trees to suffer from reduced seed dispersal. yet how these reductions in seed dispersal influence tree abundance and population dynamics remains unclear. reproductive parameters in long-lived organisms often have very ... | 2009 | 19544729 |
| the reproductive performance of female formosan sambar deer (cervus unicolor swinhoei) in semi-domesticated herds. | this study documented the reproductive performance of 210 adult female formosan sambar deer (fsd, cervus unicolor swinhoei) from four semi-domesticated deer herds in taiwan. an extensive analysis of 525 reproductive records from 2000 to 2008, including the conditions of estrus, gestation, and parturition was conducted. the mean+/-s.e.m. lengths of the estrous cycle, gestation, and fawning interval were 18.2+/-0.5d (n=56), 258.6+/-0.3d (n=160), and 369.9+/-2.3d (n=122), respectively. hand breedin ... | 2009 | 19167746 |
| sociobiology and hla genetic polymorphism in hill tribes, the irula of the nilgiri hills and the malayali of the shevroy hills, south india. | two endogamous tribes of tamil nadu, south india, the irula of the nilgiri hills and the malayali of the shevroy hills, were studied for their sociobiology and hla polymorphism. for sociobiological studies 166 marriages in the irula and 368 marriages in the malayali were recorded. the number and spatial distribution of patrilineal clans and their marriageable range (number of clans from which the brides came) were studied. eight clans in the irula and 16 clans in the malayali were identified. of ... | 1997 | 9037895 |
| the stomach of the sambar deer (cervus unicolor unicolor). | in new zealand, the sambar deer is reported to feed on a variety of grasses and browse material. in the specimens studied, the average volume of the sambar rumen was about 151. thick, non-papillated pillars divided the rumen into a saccus dorsalis and a saccus ventralis. the lining of the rumen was covered with papillae; those in the roof area were short and poorly developed. the omasum was a well-developed organ with 47-71 (mean 57) laminae. these were covered with short and poorly developed pa ... | 1995 | 8592977 |
| intestinal rupture in a free-living sambar deer (cervus unicolor) in india. | | 1986 | 3951054 |