| antifungal testing and high-throughput screening of compound library against geomyces destructans, the etiologic agent of geomycosis (wns) in bats. | bats in the northeastern u.s. are affected by geomycosis caused by the fungus geomyces destructans (gd). this infection is commonly referred to as white nose syndrome (wns). over a million hibernating bats have died since the fungus was first discovered in 2006 in a cave near albany, new york. a population viability analysis conducted on little brown bats (myotis lucifugus), one of six bat species infected with gd, suggests regional extinction of this species within 20 years. the fungus gd is a ... | 2011 | 21399675 |
| pan-european distribution of white-nose syndrome fungus (geomyces destructans) not associated with mass mortality. | the dramatic mass mortalities amongst hibernating bats in northeastern america caused by "white nose-syndrome" (wns) continue to threaten populations of different bat species. the cold-loving fungus, geomyces destructans, is the most likely causative agent leading to extensive destruction of the skin, particularly the wing membranes. recent investigations in europe confirmed the presence of the fungus g. destructans without associated mass mortality in hibernating bats in six countries but its d ... | 2011 | 21556356 |
| specific alterations in complement protein activity of little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) hibernating in white-nose syndrome affected sites. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is the most devastating condition ever reported for hibernating bats, causing widespread mortality in the northeastern united states. the syndrome is characterized by cutaneous lesions caused by a recently identified psychrophilic and keratinophylic fungus (geomyces destructans), depleted fat reserves, atypical behavior, and damage to wings; however, the proximate cause of mortality is still uncertain. to assess relative levels of immunocompetence in bats hibernating in ... | 2011 | 22140440 |
| the white-nose syndrome transcriptome: activation of anti-fungal host responses in wing tissue of hibernating little brown myotis. | white-nose syndrome (wns) in north american bats is caused by an invasive cutaneous infection by the psychrophilic fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). we compared transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression using rna-seq on wing skin tissue from hibernating little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) with wns to bats without pd exposure. we found that wns caused significant changes in gene expression in hibernating bats including pathways involved in inflammation, wound healing, and metabolis ... | 2015 | 26426272 |
| bacteria isolated from bats inhibit the growth of pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white-nose syndrome. | emerging infectious diseases are a key threat to wildlife. several fungal skin pathogens have recently emerged and caused widespread mortality in several vertebrate groups, including amphibians, bats, rattlesnakes and humans. white-nose syndrome, caused by the fungal skin pathogen pseudogymnoascus destructans, threatens several hibernating bat species with extinction and there are few effective treatment strategies. the skin microbiome is increasingly understood to play a large role in determini ... | 2015 | 25853558 |
| host and pathogen ecology drive the seasonal dynamics of a fungal disease, white-nose syndrome. | seasonal patterns in pathogen transmission can influence the impact of disease on populations and the speed of spatial spread. increases in host contact rates or births drive seasonal epidemics in some systems, but other factors may occasionally override these influences. white-nose syndrome, caused by the emerging fungal pathogen pseudogymnoascus destructans, is spreading across north america and threatens several bat species with extinction. we examined patterns and drivers of seasonal transmi ... | 0 | 25473016 |
| wing pathology of white-nose syndrome in bats suggests life-threatening disruption of physiology. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is causing unprecedented declines in several species of north american bats. the characteristic lesions of wns are caused by the fungus geomyces destructans, which erodes and replaces the living skin of bats while they hibernate. it is unknown how this infection kills the bats. we review here the unique physiological importance of wings to hibernating bats in relation to the damage caused by g. destructans and propose that mortality is caused by catastrophic disruption ... | 2010 | 21070683 |
| ectomycota associated with arthropods from bat hibernacula in eastern canada, with particular reference to pseudogymnoasucs destructans. | the introduction of pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd) to north america, agent of white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats, has increased interest in fungi from underground habitats. while bats are assumed to be the main vector transmitting pd cave-to-cave, the role of other fauna is unexplored. we documented the fungi associated with over-wintering arthropods in pd-positive hibernacula, including sites where bats had been recently extirpated or near-extirpated, to determine if arthropods carried ... | 2016 | 27110827 |
| development of an agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for the cold-adapted fungi pseudogymnoascus destructans and p. pannorum. | the mechanisms of cold adaptation by fungi remain unknown. this topic is of high interest due to the emergence of white-nose syndrome (wns), a skin infection of hibernating bats caused by pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). recent studies indicated that apart from pd, there is an abundance of other pseudogymnoascus species in the hibernacula soil. we developed an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) system for pd and a related fungus pseudogymnoascus pannorum (pp) to advance e ... | 2015 | 26051491 |
| secondary metabolite arsenal of an opportunistic pathogenic fungus. | aspergillus fumigatus is a versatile fungus able to successfully exploit diverse environments from mammalian lungs to agricultural waste products. among its many fitness attributes are dozens of genetic loci containing biosynthetic gene clusters (bgcs) producing bioactive small molecules (often referred to as secondary metabolites or natural products) that provide growth advantages to the fungus dependent on environment. here we summarize the current knowledge of these bgcs-18 of which can be na ... | 2016 | 28080993 |
| white-nose syndrome fungus introduced from europe to north america. | the investigation of factors underlying the emergence of fungal diseases in wildlife has gained significance as a consequence of drastic declines in amphibians, where the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has caused the greatest disease-driven loss of biodiversity ever documented [1]. identification of the causative agent and its origin (native versus introduced) is a crucial step in understanding and controlling a disease [2]. whereas genetic studies on the origin of b. dendrobatidis have i ... | 2015 | 25784035 |
| has the time come for big science in wildlife health? | the consequences of wildlife emerging diseases are global and profound with increased burden on the public health system, negative impacts on the global economy, declines and extinctions of wildlife species, and subsequent loss of ecological integrity. examples of health threats to wildlife include batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes a cutaneous fungal infection of amphibians and is linked to declines of amphibians globally; and the recently discovered pseudogymnoascus (geomyces) destru ... | 2013 | 24136386 |
| parallels in amphibian and bat declines from pathogenic fungi. | pathogenic fungi have substantial effects on global biodiversity, and 2 emerging pathogenic species-the chytridiomycete batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, and the ascomycete geomyces destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats-are implicated in the widespread decline of their vertebrate hosts. we synthesized current knowledge for chytridiomycosis and white-nose syndrome regarding disease emergence, environmental reservoirs, life his ... | 2013 | 23622255 |
| effect of trans, trans-farnesol on pseudogymnoascus destructans and several closely related species. | bat white-nose syndrome, caused by the psychrophilic fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans, has dramatically reduced the populations of many hibernating north american bat species. the search for effective biological control agents targeting p. destructans is of great importance. we report that the sesquiterpene trans, trans-farnesol, which is also a candida albicans quorum sensing compound, prevented in vitro conidial germination for at least 14 days and inhibited growth of preexisting hyphae of ... | 2015 | 26162644 |
| prevalence and distribution of pseudogymnoascus destructans in michigan bats submitted for rabies surveillance. | since 2006, bat populations in north america have suffered devastating mortality from an emerging disease known as white-nose syndrome (wns). the causal agent of wns is the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans. in april 2014, wns was discovered in little brown bats ( myotis lucifugus ) in michigan, and has since been documented in 12 counties. because current surveillance for wns focuses primarily on mine-hibernating species in winter, it is subject geographic, species, and seasonal bias. to inve ... | 2017 | 28318379 |
| winter behavior of bats and the progression of white-nose syndrome in the southeastern united states. | understanding the winter behavior of bats in temperate north america can provide insight into how bats react to perturbations caused by natural disturbances such as weather, human-induced disturbances, or the introduction of disease. this study measured the activity patterns of bats outside of their hibernaculum and asked how this winter activity varied by time, temperature, bat species, body condition, and wns status. over the course of three winters (2011-2013), we collected acoustic data and ... | 2017 | 28261459 |
| immune responses in hibernating little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) with white-nose syndrome. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is a fungal disease responsible for decimating many bat populations in north america. pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd), the psychrophilic fungus responsible for wns, prospers in the winter habitat of many hibernating bat species. the immune response that pd elicits in bats is not yet fully understood; antibodies are produced in response to infection by pd, but they may not be protective and indeed may be harmful. to understand how bats respond to infection during hiber ... | 2017 | 28179513 |
| pharmacokinetics of terbinafine in little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) infected with pseudogymnoascus destructans. | objective to determine the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine in little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) infected with pseudogymnoascus destructans. animals 123 bats from a p destructans-infected hibernation site in virginia. procedures 3 bats were euthanized and necropsied to confirm the presence of p destructans within the population. the remaining 120 bats were systematically assigned to 6 groups (20 bats/group). bats in each of 3 groups received 6, 20, or 60 mg of terbinafine/kg, sc, once daily ... | 2017 | 28029293 |
| effects of wind energy generation and white-nose syndrome on the viability of the indiana bat. | wind energy generation holds the potential to adversely affect wildlife populations. species-wide effects are difficult to study and few, if any, studies examine effects of wind energy generation on any species across its entire range. one species that may be affected by wind energy generation is the endangered indiana bat (myotis sodalis), which is found in the eastern and midwestern united states. in addition to mortality from wind energy generation, the species also faces range-wide threats f ... | 2016 | 28028486 |
| using a novel partitivirus in pseudogymnoascus destructans to understand the epidemiology of white-nose syndrome. | white-nose syndrome is one of the most lethal wildlife diseases, killing over 5 million north american bats since it was first reported in 2006. the causal agent of the disease is a psychrophilic filamentous fungus, pseudogymnoascus destructans. the fungus is widely distributed in north america and europe and has recently been found in some parts of asia, but interestingly, no mass mortality is observed in european or asian bats. here we report a novel double-stranded rna virus found in north am ... | 2016 | 28027325 |
| pathogen dynamics during invasion and establishment of white-nose syndrome explain mechanisms of host persistence. | disease dynamics during pathogen invasion and establishment determine the impacts of disease on host populations and determine the mechanisms of host persistence. temporal progression of prevalence and infection intensity illustrate whether tolerance, resistance, reduced transmission, or demographic compensation allow initially declining populations to persist. we measured infection dynamics of the fungal pathogen pseudogymnoascus destructans that causes white-nose syndrome in bats by estimating ... | 2017 | 27992970 |
| western bats as a reservoir of novel streptomyces species with antifungal activity. | at least two-thirds of commercial antibiotics today are derived from actinobacteria, more specifically from the genus streptomyces antibiotic resistance and new emerging diseases pose great challenges in the field of microbiology. cave systems, in which actinobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant, represent new opportunities for the discovery of novel bacterial species and the study of their interactions with emergent pathogens. white-nose syndrome is an invasive bat disease caused by the fungus ... | 2017 | 27986729 |
| resistance in persisting bat populations after white-nose syndrome invasion. | increases in anthropogenic movement have led to a rise in pathogen introductions and the emergence of infectious diseases in naive host communities worldwide. we combined empirical data and mathematical models to examine changes in disease dynamics in little brown bat (myotis lucifugus) populations following the introduction of the emerging fungal pathogen pseudogymnoascus destructans, which causes the disease white-nose syndrome. we found that infection intensity was much lower in persisting po ... | 2017 | 27920389 |
| diversity of the type 1 intron-its region of the 18s rrna gene in pseudogymnoascus species from the red hills of kansas. | gypsum caves found throughout the red hills of kansas have the state's most diverse and largest population of cave-roosting bats. white-nose syndrome (wns), a disease caused by the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans, which threatens all temperate bat species, has not been previously detected in the gypsum caves as this disease moves westward from the eastern united states. cave soil was obtained from the gypsum caves, and using the polymerase chain reaction, a 624-nucleotide dna fragment specif ... | 2016 | 27691955 |
| conservation implications of physiological carry-over effects in bats recovering from white-nose syndrome. | although it is well documented that infectious diseases can pose threats to biodiversity, the potential long-term consequences of pathogen exposure on individual fitness and its effects on population viability have rarely been studied. we tested the hypothesis that pathogen exposure causes physiological carry-over effects with a pathogen that is uniquely suited to this question because the infection period is specific and time limited. the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans causes white-nose sy ... | 2016 | 27641049 |
| vitamin b2 as a virulence factor in pseudogymnoascus destructans skin infection. | pathogenic and non-pathogenic related microorganisms differ in secondary metabolite production. here we show that riboflavin overproduction by a fungal pathogen and its hyperaccumulation in affected host tissue exacerbates a skin infection to necrosis. in white-nose syndrome (wns) skin lesions caused by pseudogymnoascus destructans, maximum riboflavin concentrations reached up to 815 μg ml(-1), indicating bioaccumulation and lack of excretion. we found that high riboflavin concentrations are cyt ... | 2016 | 27620349 |
| predicting bat colony survival under controls targeting multiple transmission routes of white-nose syndrome. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is a lethal infection of bats caused by the psychrophilic fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). since the first cases of wns were documented in 2006, it is estimated that as many as 5.5million bats have succumbed in the united states-one of the fastest mammalian die-offs due to disease ever observed, and the first known sustained epizootic of bats. wns is contagious between bats, and mounting evidence suggests that a persistent environmental reservoir of pd plays a ... | 2016 | 27576354 |
| first detection of bat white-nose syndrome in western north america. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is an emerging fungal disease of bats caused by pseudogymnoascus destructans. since it was first detected near albany, ny, in 2006, the fungus has spread across eastern north america, killing unprecedented numbers of hibernating bats. the devastating impacts of wns on nearctic bat species are attributed to the likely introduction of p. destructans from eurasia to naive host populations in eastern north america. since 2006, the disease has spread in a gradual wavelike pa ... | 2017 | 27504499 |
| molecular detection of pseudogymnoascus destructans (ascomycota: pseudeurotiaceae) and unidentified fungal dermatitides on big brown bats ( eptesicus fuscus ) overwintering inside buildings in canada. | big brown bats ( eptesicus fuscus ) overwintering outside the underground environment are not believed to play a role in the epidemiology of the disease white-nose syndrome (wns), caused by the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). using quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr), we provide molecular evidence for pd on four big brown bats overwintering in heated buildings in new brunswick, canada. two of the affected individuals also had very mild, focal, pustular, fungal dermatitis identified micro ... | 2016 | 27458830 |
| detection of pseudogymnoascus destructans on free-flying male bats captured during summer in the southeastern usa. | pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causal agent of white-nose syndrome (wns), is commonly found on bats captured both inside and outside caves during hibernation, a time when bats are most vulnerable to infection. it has not been documented in the southeast us on bats captured outside caves or on the landscape in summer. we collected 136 skin swabs from 10 species of bats captured at 20 sites on the tennessee side of great smoky mountains national park, 12 may-16 august 2015. three swabs were fou ... | 2016 | 27434413 |
| use of multiple sequencing technologies to produce a high-quality genome of the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of bat white-nose syndrome. | white-nose syndrome has recently emerged as one of the most devastating wildlife diseases recorded, causing widespread mortality in numerous bat species throughout eastern north america. here, we present an improved reference genome of the fungal pathogen pseudogymnoascus destructans for use in comparative genomic studies. | 2016 | 27365344 |
| energetic benefits of enhanced summer roosting habitat for little brown bats (myotis lucifugus) recovering from white-nose syndrome. | habitat modification can improve outcomes for imperilled wildlife. insectivorous bats in north america face a range of conservation threats, including habitat loss and white-nose syndrome (wns). even healthy bats face energetic constraints during spring, but enhancement of roosting habitat could reduce energetic costs, increase survival and enhance recovery from wns. we tested the potential of artificial heating of bat roosts as a management tool for threatened bat populations. we predicted that ... | 2016 | 27293749 |
| corrigendum: white-nose syndrome without borders: pseudogymnoascus destructans infection tolerated in europe and palearctic asia but not in north america. | | 2016 | 27198573 |
| environment, host, and fungal traits predict continental-scale white-nose syndrome in bats. | white-nose syndrome is a fungal disease killing bats in eastern north america, but disease is not seen in european bats and is less severe in some north american species. we show that how bats use energy during hibernation and fungal growth rates under different environmental conditions can explain how some bats are able to survive winter with infection and others are not. our study shows how simple but nonlinear interactions between fungal growth and bat energetics result in decreased survival ... | 2016 | 27152322 |
| bats increase the number of cultivable airborne fungi in the "nietoperek" bat reserve in western poland. | the "nietoperek" bat reserve located in western poland is one of the largest bat hibernation sites in the european union with nearly 38,000 bats from 12 species. nietoperek is part of a built underground fortification system from wwii. the aims of the study were (1) to determine the fungal species composition and changes during hibernation season in relation to bat number and microclimatic conditions and (2) evaluate the potential threat of fungi for bat assemblages and humans visiting the compl ... | 2016 | 27084554 |
| complete genome sequence of streptomyces albus sm254, a potent antagonist of bat white-nose syndrome pathogen pseudogymnoascus destructans. | we sequenced and annotated the complete 7,170,504-bp genome of a novel secondary metabolite-producingstreptomycesstrain,streptomyces albussm254, isolated from copper-rich subsurface fluids at ~220-m depth within the soudan iron mine (soudan, mn, usa). | 2016 | 27081146 |
| the effects of cutaneous fatty acids on the growth of pseudogymnoascus destructans, the etiological agent of white-nose syndrome (wns). | white nose syndrome (wns) greatly increases the over-winter mortality of little brown (myotis lucifugus), indiana (myotis sodalis), northern (myotis septentrionalis), and tricolored (perimyotis subflavus) bats. it is caused by a cutaneous infection with the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) are much more resistant to cutaneous infection with pd, however. we thus conducted analyses of wing epidermis from hibernating e. fuscus and m. lucifugus to determine ... | 2016 | 27070905 |
| optimized methods for total nucleic acid extraction and quantification of the bat white-nose syndrome fungus, pseudogymnoascus destructans, from swab and environmental samples. | the continued spread of white-nose syndrome and its impacts on hibernating bat populations across north america has prompted nationwide surveillance efforts and the need for high-throughput, noninvasive diagnostic tools. quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analysis has been increasingly used for detection of the causative fungus, pseudogymnoascus destructans, in both bat- and environment-associated samples and provides a tool for quantification of fungal dna useful for resear ... | 2016 | 26965231 |
| host persistence or extinction from emerging infectious disease: insights from white-nose syndrome in endemic and invading regions. | predicting species' fates following the introduction of a novel pathogen is a significant and growing problem in conservation. comparing disease dynamics between introduced and endemic regions can offer insight into which naive hosts will persist or go extinct, with disease acting as a filter on host communities. we examined four hypothesized mechanisms for host-pathogen persistence by comparing host infection patterns and environmental reservoirs for pseudogymnoascus destructans (the causative ... | 2016 | 26962138 |
| white-nose syndrome disease severity and a comparison of diagnostic methods. | white-nose syndrome is caused by the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans and has killed millions of hibernating bats in north america but the pathophysiology of the disease remains poorly understood. our objectives were to (1) assess non-destructive diagnostic methods for p. destructans infection compared to histopathology, the current gold-standard, and (2) to evaluate potential metrics of disease severity. we used data from three captive inoculation experiments involving 181 little brown bats ... | 2016 | 26957435 |
| white-nose syndrome survivors do not exhibit frequent arousals associated with pseudogymnoascus destructans infection. | white-nose syndrome (wns) has devastated bat populations in north america, with millions of bats dead. wns is associated with physiological changes in hibernating bats, leading to increased arousals from hibernation and premature consumption of fat reserves. however, there is evidence of surviving populations of little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) close to where the fungus was first detected nearly ten years ago. | 2016 | 26949407 |
| effects of white-nose syndrome on regional population patterns of 3 hibernating bat species. | hibernating bats have undergone severe recent declines across the eastern united states, but the cause of these regional-scale declines has not been systematically evaluated. we assessed the influence of white-nose syndrome (an emerging bat disease caused by the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans, formerly geomyces destructans) on large-scale, long-term population patterns in the little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus), the northern myotis (myotis septentrionalis), and the tricolored bat (perimy ... | 2016 | 26872411 |
| potent inhibition of pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white-nose syndrome in bats, by cold-pressed, terpeneless, valencia orange oil. | the causative agent of white-nose syndrome (wns), pseudogymnoascus destructans, has been shown to be fatal to several species of bats in north america. to date, no compounds or chemical control measures have been developed which eliminates the growth of the fungus in the environment or in affected animals. in the current study, we evaluated the activity of cold-pressed, terpeneless orange oil (cpt) against multiple isolates of p. destructans in vitro. for all assays, a modified kirby-bauer disk ... | 2016 | 26849057 |
| white-nose syndrome without borders: pseudogymnoascus destructans infection tolerated in europe and palearctic asia but not in north america. | a striking feature of white-nose syndrome, a fungal infection of hibernating bats, is the difference in infection outcome between north america and europe. here we show high wns prevalence both in europe and on the west siberian plain in asia. palearctic bat communities tolerate similar fungal loads of pseudogymnoascus destructans infection as their nearctic counterparts and histopathology indicates equal focal skin tissue invasiveness pathognomonic for wns lesions. fungal load positively correl ... | 2016 | 26821755 |
| will reduced host connectivity curb the spread of a devastating epidemic? | the white-nose syndrome (wns), caused by the fungal pathogen pseudogymnoascus destructans, is threatening the cave-dwelling bat fauna of north america by killing individuals by the thousands in hibernacula each winter since its appearance in new york state less than ten years ago. epidemiological models predict that wns will reach the western coast of the usa by 2035, potentially eliminating most populations of susceptible bat species in its path (frick et al. 2015; o'regan et al. 2015). these m ... | 2015 | 26769309 |
| ectoparasites may serve as vectors for the white-nose syndrome fungus. | vertebrate ectoparasites frequently play a role in transmission of infectious agents. pseudogymnoascus destructans is a psychrophilic fungus known to cause white-nose syndrome (wns), an emerging infectious disease of bats. it is transmitted with direct contact between bats or with contaminated environment. the aim of this study was to examine wing mites from the family spinturnicidae parasitizing hibernating bats for the presence of p. destructans propagules as another possible transmission rout ... | 2016 | 26762515 |
| widespread bat white-nose syndrome fungus, northeastern china. | | 2016 | 26673906 |
| responses of soil fungal community to the sandy grassland restoration in horqin sandy land, northern china. | sandy grassland restoration is a vital process including re-structure of soils, restoration of vegetation, and soil functioning in arid and semi-arid regions. soil fungal community is a complex and critical component of soil functioning and ecological balance due to its roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling following sandy grassland restoration. in this study, soil fungal community and its relationship with environmental factors were examined along a habitat gradient of sand ... | 2016 | 26661957 |
| novel trichoderma polysporum strain for the biocontrol of pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal etiologic agent of bat white nose syndrome. | white-nose syndrome (wns), an emerging disease of hibernating bats, has rapidly spread across eastern north america killing millions of bats. pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd), the sole etiologic agent of wns, is widespread and persistent in bat hibernacula. control of pd in the affected sites is urgently needed to break the transmission cycle while minimizing any adverse impact on the native organisms. we isolated a novel strain of trichoderma polysporum (tp) from one of the caves at the epicen ... | 2015 | 26509269 |
| evolution of chemical diversity in a group of non-reduced polyketide gene clusters: using phylogenetics to inform the search for novel fungal natural products. | fungal polyketides are a diverse class of natural products, or secondary metabolites (sms), with a wide range of bioactivities often associated with toxicity. here, we focus on a group of non-reducing polyketide synthases (nr-pkss) in the fungal phylum ascomycota that lack a thioesterase domain for product release, group v. although widespread in ascomycete taxa, this group of nr-pkss is notably absent in the mycotoxigenic genus fusarium and, surprisingly, found in genera not known for their sec ... | 2015 | 26378577 |
| efficacy of visual surveys for white-nose syndrome at bat hibernacula. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is an epizootic disease in hibernating bats caused by the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans. surveillance for p. destructans at bat hibernacula consists primarily of visual surveys of bats, collection of potentially infected bats, and submission of these bats for laboratory testing. cryptic infections (bats that are infected but display no visual signs of fungus) could lead to the mischaracterization of the infection status of a site and the inadvertent spread of p. d ... | 2015 | 26197236 |
| antibodies to pseudogymnoascus destructans are not sufficient for protection against white-nose syndrome. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is a fungal disease caused by pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd) that affects bats during hibernation. although millions of bats have died from wns in north america, mass mortality has not been observed among european bats infected by the fungus, leading to the suggestion that bats in europe are immune. we tested the hypothesis that an antibody-mediated immune response can provide protection against wns by quantifying antibodies reactive to pd in blood samples from seven ... | 2015 | 26078857 |
| sex and hibernaculum temperature predict survivorship in white-nose syndrome affected little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus). | white-nose syndrome (wns), an emerging infectious disease caused by the novel fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans, has devastated north american bat populations since its discovery in 2006. the little brown myotis, myotis lucifugus, has been especially affected. the goal of this 2-year captive study was to determine the impact of hibernacula temperature and sex on wns survivorship in little brown myotis that displayed visible fungal infection when collected from affected hibernacula. in study 1, ... | 2015 | 26064604 |
| glycerophospholipid profiles of bats with white-nose syndrome. | pseudogymnoascus destructans is an ascomycetous fungus responsible for the disease dubbed white-nose syndrome (wns) and massive mortalities of cave-dwelling bats. the fungus infects bat epidermal tissue, causing damage to integumentary cells and pilosebaceous units. differences in epidermal lipid composition caused by p. destructans infection could have drastic consequences for a variety of physiological functions, including innate immune efficiency and water retention. while bat surface lipid a ... | 2017 | 26052639 |
| correction for o'donoghue et al., destructin-1 is a collagen-degrading endopeptidase secreted by pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white-nose syndrome. | | 2015 | 26015578 |
| invasion dynamics of white-nose syndrome fungus, midwestern united states, 2012-2014. | white-nose syndrome has devastated bat populations in eastern north america. in midwestern united states, prevalence increased quickly in the first year of invasion (2012-13) but with low population declines. in the second year (2013-14), environmental contamination led to earlier infection and high population declines. interventions must be implemented before or soon after fungal invasion to prevent population collapse. | 2015 | 25989230 |
| wax ester analysis of bats suffering from white nose syndrome in europe. | the composition of wax esters (we) in the fur of adult greater mouse-eared bats (myotis myotis), either healthy or suffering from white nose syndrome (wns) caused by the psychrophilic fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans, was investigated by high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis in the positive ion mode. profiling of lipid classes showed that we are the most abundant lipid class, followed by cholesterol esters, and other lipid classes, e.g., triacylglycerols and phospholipids. we abundance i ... | 2015 | 25975369 |
| first confirmation of pseudogymnoascus destructans in british bats and hibernacula. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is a fatal fungal infection of bats in north america caused by pseudogymnoascus destructans. p. destructans has been confirmed in continental europe but not associated with mass mortality. its presence in great britain was unknown. opportunistic sampling of bats in gb began during the winter of 2009. any dead bats or samples from live bats with visible fungal growths were submitted to the animal health and veterinary laboratories agency for culture. active surveillance ... | 2015 | 25968064 |
| destructin-1 is a collagen-degrading endopeptidase secreted by pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white-nose syndrome. | pseudogymnoascus destructans is the causative agent of white-nose syndrome, a disease that has caused the deaths of millions of bats in north america. this psychrophilic fungus proliferates at low temperatures and targets hibernating bats, resulting in their premature arousal from stupor with catastrophic consequences. despite the impact of white-nose syndrome, little is known about the fungus itself or how it infects its mammalian host. p. destructans is not amenable to genetic manipulation, an ... | 2015 | 25944934 |
| interruption to cutaneous gas exchange is not a likely mechanism of wns-associated death in bats. | pseudogymnoascus destructans is the causative fungal agent of white-nose syndrome (wns), an emerging fungal-borne epizootic. wns is responsible for a catastrophic decline of hibernating bats in north america, yet we have limited understanding of the physiological interactions between pathogen and host. pseudogymnoascus destructans severely damages wings and tail membranes, by causing dryness that leads to whole sections crumbling off. four possible mechanisms have been proposed by which infectio ... | 2015 | 25944919 |
| a case study of bats and white-nose syndrome demonstrating how to model population viability with evolutionary effects. | ecological factors generally affect population viability on rapid time scales. traditional population viability analyses (pva) therefore focus on alleviating ecological pressures, discounting potential evolutionary impacts on individual phenotypes. recent studies of evolutionary rescue (er) focus on cases in which severe, environmentally induced population bottlenecks trigger a rapid evolutionary response that can potentially reverse demographic threats. er models have focused on shifting geneti ... | 2015 | 25808080 |
| isolation and identification of an extracellular subtilisin-like serine protease secreted by the bat pathogen pseudogymnoascus destructans. | white nose syndrome (wns) is a cutaneous fungal disease of bats. wns is responsible for unprecedented mortalities in north american cave bat populations. there have been few descriptions of enzyme activities that may function in wns host/pathogen interactions, while no study has isolated and described secreted proteases. to address the hypothesis that pseudogymnoascus destructans secretes extracellular proteases that function in wing necrosis during wns infection, the object of this study was to ... | 2015 | 25785714 |
| direct detection of fungal siderophores on bats with white-nose syndrome via fluorescence microscopy-guided ambient ionization mass spectrometry. | white-nose syndrome (wns) caused by the pathogenic fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans is decimating the populations of several hibernating north american bat species. little is known about the molecular interplay between pathogen and host in this disease. fluorescence microscopy ambient ionization mass spectrometry was used to generate metabolic profiles from the wings of both healthy and diseased bats of the genus myotis. fungal siderophores, molecules that scavenge iron from the environment, ... | 2015 | 25781976 |
| molecular detection of the causative agent of white-nose syndrome on rafinesque's big-eared bats (corynorhinus rafinesquii) and two species of migratory bats in the southeastern usa. | pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causal agent of white-nose syndrome (wns), is responsible for widespread mortality of hibernating bats across eastern north america. to document p. destructans exposure and infections on bats active during winter in the southeastern us, we collected epidermal swabs from bats captured during winters 2012-13 and 2013-14 in mist nets set outside of hibernacula in tennessee. epidermal swab samples were collected from eight rafinesque's big-eared bats (corynorhinus r ... | 2015 | 25647588 |
| modeling the environmental growth of pseudogymnoascus destructans and its impact on the white-nose syndrome epidemic. | white-nose syndrome (wns) has had a devastating effect on north american bat populations. the causal agent of wns is the fungal pathogen, pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd), which has been shown to persist in caves after the eradication of host populations. as nonpathogenic pseudogymnoascus spp. display saprophytic growth and are among the most commonly isolated fungi from caves, we examined whether pd could grow in cave sediments and the contribution such growth could have to wns disease progres ... | 2015 | 25588008 |
| potential for spread of the white-nose fungus (pseudogymnoascus destructans) in the americas: use of maxent and nichea to assure strict model transference. | emerging infectious diseases can present serious threats to wildlife, even to the point of causing extinction. whitenose fungus (pseudogymnoascus destructans) is causing an epizootic in bats that is expanding rapidly, both geographically and taxonomically. little is known of the ecology and distributional potential of this intercontinental pathogen. we address this gap via ecological niche models that characterise coarse resolution niche differences between fungus populations on different contin ... | 2014 | 25545939 |
| conspecific disturbance contributes to altered hibernation patterns in bats with white-nose syndrome. | the emerging wildlife disease white-nose syndrome (wns) affects both physiology and behaviour of hibernating bats. infection with the fungal pathogen pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd), the first pathogen known to target torpid animals, causes an increase in arousal frequency during hibernation, and therefore premature depletion of energy stores. infected bats also show a dramatic decrease in clustering behaviour over the winter. to investigate the interaction between disease progression and torp ... | 2015 | 25484358 |
| host, pathogen, and environmental characteristics predict white-nose syndrome mortality in captive little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus). | an estimated 5.7 million or more bats died in north america between 2006 and 2012 due to infection with the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd) that causes white-nose syndrome (wns) during hibernation. the behavioral and physiological changes associated with hibernation leave bats vulnerable to wns, but the persistence of bats within the contaminated regions of north america suggests that survival might vary predictably among individuals or in relation to environmental conditions. to invest ... | 2014 | 25409028 |
| activation of innate immune-response genes in little brown bats (myotis lucifugus) infected with the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans. | recently bats have been associated with the emergence of diseases, both as reservoirs for several new viral diseases in humans and other animals and, in the northern americas, as hosts for a devastating fungal disease that threatens to drive several bat species to regional extinction. however, despite these catastrophic events little information is available on bat defences or how they interact with their pathogens. even less is known about the response of bats to infection during torpor or long ... | 2014 | 25391018 |
| the fungus trichophyton redellii sp. nov. causes skin infections that resemble white-nose syndrome of hibernating bats. | before the discovery of white-nose syndrome (wns), a fungal disease caused by pseudogymnoascus destructans, there were no reports of fungal skin infections in bats during hibernation. in 2011, bats with grossly visible fungal skin infections similar in appearance to wns were reported from multiple sites in wisconsin, us, a state outside the known range of p. destructans and wns at that time. tape impressions or swab samples were collected from affected areas of skin from bats with these fungal i ... | 2015 | 25375940 |
| pseudogymnoascus destructans: evidence of virulent skin invasion for bats under natural conditions, europe. | while pseudogymnoascus destructans has been responsible for mass bat mortalities from white-nose syndrome (wns) in north america, its virulence in europe has been questioned. to shed the light on the issue of host-pathogen interaction between european bats and p. destructans, we examined seventeen bats emerging from the fungus-positive underground hibernacula in the czech republic during early spring 2013. dual wing-membrane biopsies were taken from barbastella barbastellus (1), myotis daubenton ... | 2015 | 25268034 |
| long-term persistence of pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of white-nose syndrome, in the absence of bats. | wildlife diseases have been implicated in the declines and extinctions of several species. the ability of a pathogen to persist outside its host, existing as an "environmental reservoir", can exacerbate the impact of a disease and increase the likelihood of host extinction. pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal pathogen that causes white-nose syndrome in bats, has been found in cave soil during the summer when hibernating bats had likely been absent for several months. however, whether the pa ... | 2015 | 25260801 |
| a preliminary report on the contact-independent antagonism of pseudogymnoascus destructans by rhodococcus rhodochrous strain dap96253. | the recently-identified causative agent of white-nose syndrome (wns), pseudogymnoascus destructans, has been responsible for the mortality of an estimated 5.5 million north american bats since its emergence in 2006. a primary focus of the national response plan, established by multiple state, federal and tribal agencies in 2011, was the identification of biological control options for wns. in an effort to identify potential biological control options for wns, multiply induced cells of rhodococcu ... | 2014 | 25253442 |
| triacylglyceride composition and fatty acyl saturation profile of a psychrophilic and psychrotolerant fungal species grown at different temperatures. | pseudogymnoascus destructans is a psychrophilic fungus that infects cutaneous tissues in cave dwelling bats, and it is the causal agent for white nose syndrome (wns) in north american (na) bat populations. geomyces pannorum is a related psychrotolerant keratinolytic species that is rarely a pathogen of mammals. in this study, we grew p. destructans and g. pannorum in static liquid cultures at favourable and suboptimal temperatures to: 1) determine if triacylglyceride profiles are species-specifi ... | 2014 | 25209638 |
| clonal expansion of the pseudogymnoascus destructans genotype in north america is accompanied by significant variation in phenotypic expression. | pseudogymnoascus destructans is the causative agent of an emerging infectious disease that threatens populations of several north american bat species. the fungal disease was first observed in 2006 and has since caused the death of nearly six million bats. the disease, commonly known as white-nose syndrome, is characterized by a cutaneous infection with p. destructans causing erosions and ulcers in the skin of nose, ears and/or wings of bats. previous studies based on sequences from eight loci h ... | 2014 | 25122221 |
| molecular characterization of a heterothallic mating system in pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungus causing white-nose syndrome of bats. | white-nose syndrome (wns) of bats has devastated bat populations in eastern north america since its discovery in 2006. wns, caused by the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans, has spread quickly in north america and has become one of the most severe wildlife epidemics of our time. while p. destructans is spreading rapidly in north america, nothing is known about the sexual capacity of this fungus. to gain insight into the genes involved in sexual reproduction, we characterized the mating-type loc ... | 2014 | 25053709 |
| white-nose syndrome-affected little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) increase grooming and other active behaviors during arousals from hibernation. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is an emerging infectious disease of hibernating bats linked to the death of an estimated 5.7 million or more bats in the northeastern united states and canada. white-nose syndrome is caused by the cold-loving fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd), which invades the skin of the muzzles, ears, and wings of hibernating bats. previous work has shown that wns-affected bats arouse to euthermic or near euthermic temperatures during hibernation significantly more frequently ... | 2013 | 24502712 |
| comparison of the white-nose syndrome agent pseudogymnoascus destructans to cave-dwelling relatives suggests reduced saprotrophic enzyme activity. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is an emerging infectious mycosis that has impacted multiple species of north american bats since its initial discovery in 2006, yet the physiology of the causal agent, the psychrophilic fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans ( = geomyces destructans), is not well understood. we investigated the ability of p. destructans to secrete enzymes that could permit environmental growth or affect pathogenesis and compared enzyme activity across several pseudogymnoascus species isol ... | 2014 | 24466096 |
| highly sensitive quantitative pcr for the detection and differentiation of pseudogymnoascus destructans and other pseudogymnoascus species. | white-nose syndrome is a fungal disease that has decimated bat populations across eastern north america. identification of the etiologic agent, pseudogymnoascus destructans (formerly geomyces destructans), in environmental samples is essential to proposed management plans. a major challenge is the presence of closely related species, which are ubiquitous in many soils and cave sediments and often present in high abundance. we present a dual-probe real-time quantitative pcr assay capable of detec ... | 2014 | 24375140 |
| draft genome sequences of human pathogenic fungus geomyces pannorum sensu lato and bat white nose syndrome pathogen geomyces (pseudogymnoascus) destructans. | we report the draft genome sequences of geomyces pannorum sensu lato and geomyces (pseudogymnoascus) destructans. g. pannorum has a larger proteome than g. destructans, containing more proteins with ascribed enzymatic functions. this dichotomy in the genomes of related psychrophilic fungi is a valuable target for defining their distinct saprobic and pathogenic attributes. | 2013 | 24356829 |
| sebaceous lipid profiling of bat integumentary tissues: quantitative analysis of free fatty acids, monoacylglycerides, squalene, and sterols. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is a fungal disease caused by pseudogymnoascus destructans and is devastating north american bat populations. sebaceous lipids secreted from host integumentary tissues are implicated in the initial attachment and recognition of host tissues by pathogenic fungi. we are interested in determining if ratios of lipid classes in sebum can be used as biomarkers to diagnose severity of fungal infection in bats. to first establish lipid compositions in bats, we isolated secreted ... | 2013 | 24327437 |
| nutritional capability of and substrate suitability for pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causal agent of bat white-nose syndrome. | pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causal agent of bat white-nose syndrome, has caused nearly six million deaths in north american bats since its introduction into the united states in 2006. current research has shown that caves can harbor p. destructans even after the infected bats are removed and bats no longer visit or inhabit previously infected caves. our research focuses on elucidating reservoir requirements by investigating the nutritional capabilities of and substrate suitability requirem ... | 2013 | 24205191 |
| inhibition of pseudogymnoascus destructans growth from conidia and mycelial extension by bacterially produced volatile organic compounds. | the recently identified causative agent of white-nose syndrome (wns), pseudogymnoascus destructans, has been implicated in the mortality of an estimated 5.5 million north american bats since its initial documentation in 2006 (frick et al. in science 329:679-682, 2010). in an effort to identify potential biological and chemical control options for wns, 6 previously described bacterially produced volatile organic compounds (vocs) were screened for anti-p. destructans activity. the compounds includ ... | 2014 | 24190516 |
| phylogenetic evaluation of geomyces and allies reveals no close relatives of pseudogymnoascus destructans, comb. nov., in bat hibernacula of eastern north america. | white-nose syndrome (wns) of bats, caused by the fungus previously known as geomyces destructans, has decimated populations of insectivorous bats in eastern north america. recent work on fungi associated with bat hibernacula uncovered a large number of species of geomyces and allies, far exceeding the number of described species. communication about these species has been hindered by the lack of a modern taxonomic evaluation, and a phylogenetic framework of the group is needed to understand the ... | 2013 | 24012303 |
| white-nose syndrome fungus: a generalist pathogen of hibernating bats. | host traits and phylogeny can determine infection risk by driving pathogen transmission and its ability to infect new hosts. predicting such risks is critical when designing disease mitigation strategies, and especially as regards wildlife, where intensive management is often advocated or prevented by economic and/or practical reasons. we investigated pseudogymnoascus [geomyces] destructans infection, the cause of white-nose syndrome (wns), in relation to chiropteran ecology, behaviour and phylo ... | 2014 | 24820101 |
| the resistance of a north american bat species (eptesicus fuscus) to white-nose syndrome (wns). | white-nose syndrome (wns) is the primary cause of over-winter mortality for little brown (myotis lucifugus), northern (myotis septentrionalis), and tricolored (perimyotis subflavus) bats, and is due to cutaneous infection with the fungus pseudogymnoascus (geomyces) destructans (pd). cutaneous infection with p. destructans disrupts torpor patterns, which is thought to lead to a premature depletion of body fat reserve. field studies were conducted at 3 wns-affected hibernation sites to determine i ... | 2014 | 25437448 |
| diversity and bioprospecting of fungal communities associated with endemic and cold-adapted macroalgae in antarctica. | we surveyed the distribution and diversity of fungi associated with eight macroalgae from antarctica and their capability to produce bioactive compounds. the collections yielded 148 fungal isolates, which were identified using molecular methods as belonging to 21 genera and 50 taxa. the most frequent taxa were geomyces species (sp.), penicillium sp. and metschnikowia australis. seven fungal isolates associated with the endemic antarctic macroalgae monostroma hariotii (chlorophyte) displayed high ... | 2013 | 23702515 |
| energy conserving thermoregulatory patterns and lower disease severity in a bat resistant to the impacts of white-nose syndrome. | the devastating bat fungal disease, white-nose syndrome (wns), does not appear to affect all species equally. to experimentally determine susceptibility differences between species, we exposed hibernating naïve little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) and big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) to the fungus that causes wns, pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd). after hibernating under identical conditions, pd lesions were significantly more prevalent and more severe in little brown myotis. this species di ... | 2017 | 28597237 |
| bat flight with bad wings: is flight metabolism affected by damaged wings? | infection of north american bats with the keratin-digesting fungus geomyces destructans often results in holes and ruptures of wing membranes, yet it is unknown whether flight performance and metabolism of bats are altered by such injuries. i conducted flight experiments in a circular flight arena with myotis albescens and m. nigricans individuals with an intact or ruptured trailing edge of one of the plagiopatagial membranes. in both species, individuals with damaged wings were lighter, had a h ... | 2013 | 23348945 |
| white-nose syndrome fungus in a 1918 bat specimen from france. | white-nose syndrome, first diagnosed in north america in 2006, causes mass deaths among bats in north america. we found the causative fungus, pseudogymnoascus destructans, in a 1918 sample collected in europe, where bats have now adapted to the fungus. these results are consistent with a eurasian origin of the pathogen. | 2017 | 28820367 |
| white-nose syndrome pathology grading in nearctic and palearctic bats. | while white-nose syndrome (wns) has decimated hibernating bat populations in the nearctic, species from the palearctic appear to cope better with the fungal skin infection causing wns. this has encouraged multiple hypotheses on the mechanisms leading to differential survival of species exposed to the same pathogen. to facilitate intercontinental comparisons, we proposed a novel pathogenesis-based grading scheme consistent with wns diagnosis histopathology criteria. uv light-guided collection was ... | 2017 | 28767673 |
| white-nose syndrome increases torpid metabolic rate and evaporative water loss in hibernating bats. | fungal diseases of wildlife typically manifest as superficial skin infections but can have devastating consequences for host physiology and survival. white-nose syndrome (wns) is a fungal skin disease that has killed millions of hibernating bats in north america since 2007. infection with the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans causes bats to rewarm too often during hibernation, but the cause of increased arousal rates remains unknown. based on data from studies of captive and free-living bats, ... | 2017 | 28835446 |
| pseudogymnoascus destructans transcriptome changes during white-nose syndrome infections. | white nose syndrome (wns) is caused by the psychrophilic fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans that can grow in the environment saprotrophically or parasitically by infecting hibernating bats. infections are pathological in many species of north american bats, disrupting hibernation and causing mortality. to determine what fungal pathways are involved in infection of living tissue, we examined fungal gene expression using rna-seq. we compared p. destructans gene expression when grown in culture to ... | 2017 | 28614673 |
| drivers of variation in species impacts for a multi-host fungal disease of bats. | disease can play an important role in structuring species communities because the effects of disease vary among hosts; some species are driven towards extinction, while others suffer relatively little impact. why disease impacts vary among host species remains poorly understood for most multi-host pathogens, and factors allowing less-susceptible species to persist could be useful in conserving highly affected species. white-nose syndrome (wns), an emerging fungal disease of bats, has decimated s ... | 2016 | 28080982 |
| white-nose syndrome initiates a cascade of physiologic disturbances in the hibernating bat host. | the physiological effects of white-nose syndrome (wns) in hibernating bats and ultimate causes of mortality from infection with pseudogymnoascus (formerly geomyces) destructans are not fully understood. increased frequency of arousal from torpor described among hibernating bats with late-stage wns is thought to accelerate depletion of fat reserves, but the physiological mechanisms that lead to these alterations in hibernation behavior have not been elucidated. we used the doubly labeled water (d ... | 2014 | 25487871 |
| pathophysiology of white-nose syndrome in bats: a mechanistic model linking wing damage to mortality. | white-nose syndrome is devastating north american bat populations but we lack basic information on disease mechanisms. altered blood physiology owing to epidermal invasion by the fungal pathogen geomyces destructans (gd) has been hypothesized as a cause of disrupted torpor patterns of affected hibernating bats, leading to mortality. here, we present data on blood electrolyte concentration, haematology and acid-base balance of hibernating little brown bats, myotis lucifugus, following experimenta ... | 2013 | 23720520 |
| hibernating little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) show variable immunological responses to white-nose syndrome. | white-nose syndrome (wns) is an emerging infectious disease devastating hibernating north american bat populations that is caused by the psychrophilic fungus geomyces destructans. previous histopathological analysis demonstrated little evidence of inflammatory responses in infected bats, however few studies have compared other aspects of immune function between wns-affected and unaffected bats. we collected bats from confirmed wns-affected and unaffected sites during the winter of 2008-2009 and ... | 2013 | 23527062 |
| pathology in euthermic bats with white nose syndrome suggests a natural manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. | white nose syndrome, caused by geomyces destructans, has killed more than 5 million cave hibernating bats in eastern north america. during hibernation, the lack of inflammatory cell recruitment at the site of fungal infection and erosion is consistent with a temperature-induced inhibition of immune cell trafficking. this immune suppression allows g. destructans to colonize and erode the skin of wings, ears and muzzle of bat hosts unchecked. yet, paradoxically, within weeks of emergence from hibe ... | 2012 | 23154286 |
| in vitro investigation of a terbinafine impregnated subcutaneous implant for veterinary use. | a terbinafine impregnated subcutaneous implant was evaluated to determine if drug was released into isotonic saline over the course of 6 months at two different temperatures, 37°c and 4°c. these temperatures were chosen to simulate the nonhibernating (37°c) and hibernating body (4°c) temperatures of little brown bats (myotis lucifugus). insectivorous bats of north america, including little brown bats, have been devastated by white nose syndrome, a fungal infection caused by geomyces destructans. ... | 2012 | 22888440 |
| frequent arousal from hibernation linked to severity of infection and mortality in bats with white-nose syndrome. | white-nose syndrome (wns), an emerging infectious disease that has killed over 5.5 million hibernating bats, is named for the causative agent, a white fungus (geomyces destructans (gd)) that invades the skin of torpid bats. during hibernation, arousals to warm (euthermic) body temperatures are normal but deplete fat stores. temperature-sensitive dataloggers were attached to the backs of 504 free-ranging little brown bats (myotis lucifugus) in hibernacula located throughout the northeastern usa. ... | 2012 | 22745688 |