| functional laminar and columnar organization of the auditory centers in echolocating japanese greater horseshoe bats. | during echolocation, bats coordinately employ the vocalization system to emit orientation sounds and the auditory system to hear returning echoes. the brain in these animals should be functionally organized to process such biologically significant sounds. here we utilized the autoradiographic 2-deoxy-[14c]glucose (dg) method to visualize functional organization of the auditory centers of echolocating japanese greater horseshoe bats, rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon. autoradiographic color images ... | 1988 | 3399127 |
| prolonged survival of the graafian follicle and fertilization in the japanese greater horseshoe bat, rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon. | after the mating season of the japanese greater horseshoe bat in mid- or late october, only the right ovary maintained a single graafian follicle throughout hibernation until early april. during this time the ovum was in prophase of meiosis i (resting stage) with many large lipid droplets as a nutrient source. in synchrony with stigma formation, there was resumption of meiotic activity, separation of the cumulus oophorus from the granulosa layer and dispersion of the follicle cells just before o ... | 1985 | 3968649 |
| studies on the vaginal plug of the japanese greater horseshoe bat, rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon. | the vaginal plug of the japanese greater horseshoe bat is composed of an outer, thick, hard and homogeneous layer originating from the stratum disjunctum of the vaginal mucosa and a thin, soft and opaque central core containing accidentally trapped dead spermatozoa. the vaginal plug appeared to be expelled just before or after ovulation in spring. immediately after copulation in autumn, uterine spermatozoa were dead but few leucocytes were present. as time passes after copulation, however, the i ... | 1983 | 6683318 |
| sperm invasion of the oviducal mucosa, fibroblastic phagocytosis and endometrial sloughing in the japanese greater horseshoe bat, rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon. | in the japanese greater horseshoe bat, rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon, a vast number of spermatozoa invade the oviducal epithelial cells of the caudal isthmus and become concentrated in the endometrial lamina propria of the bicornuate horns. they are subsequently phagocytised and digested by fibroblasts. then, finally, they become deposited in the uterine lumen together with a large quantity of secretory material from the endometrial connective tissue which, prior to this event, undergoes a ma ... | 1984 | 6733759 |
| on-board telemetry of emitted sounds from free-flying bats: compensation for velocity and distance stabilizes echo frequency and amplitude. | to understand complex sensory-motor behavior related to object perception by echolocating bats, precise measurements are needed for echoes that bats actually listen to during flight. recordings of echolocation broadcasts were made from flying bats with a miniature light-weight microphone and radio transmitter (telemike) set at the position of the bat's ears and carried during flights to a landing point on a wall. telemike recordings confirm that flying horseshoe bats (rhinolophus ferrumequinum n ... | 2008 | 18663454 |
| pulse-echo interaction in free-flying horseshoe bats, rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon. | because horseshoe bats emit a long-duration pulse, the returning echo temporally overlaps with the emitted pulse during echolocation. here, the pulse-echo interaction that horseshoe bats actually experience during flight was examined using onboard telemetry sound recordings. doppler-shifted returning echoes produced beats in the amplitude patterns of constant-frequency components. bats shortened the pulse duration with target distance, but the overlap duration was at least 8 ms within the approa ... | 2009 | 19739702 |
| species-specific control of acoustic gaze by echolocating bats, rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon and pipistrellus abramus, during flight. | based on the characteristics of the ultrasounds they produce, echolocating bats can be categorized into two main types: broadband fm (frequency modulated) and narrowband cf (constant frequency) echolocators. in this study, we recorded the echolocation behavior of a broadband fm (pipistrellus abramus) and a narrowband cf echolocator species (rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon) while they explored an unfamiliar space in a laboratory chamber. during flight, p. abramus smoothly shifted its acoustic ga ... | 2016 | 27566319 |
| complete mitochondrial genomes of two subspecies (rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon and rhinolophus ferrumequinum tragatus) of the greater horseshoe bat (chiroptera: rhinolophidae). | rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon and rhinolophus ferrumequinum tragatus are two subspecies of rhinolophus ferrumequinum currently recognized in china. in this study, their mitochondrial genomes were completely sequenced and annotated. phylogenetic analyses indicated that r. f. nippon has a close relationship with two subspecies of r. ferrumequinum from korea with 0.1% divergence, which indicated they are synonyms. | 2017 | 26678669 |
| prey pursuit strategy of japanese horseshoe bats during an in-flight target-selection task. | the prey pursuit behavior of japanese horseshoe bats (rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon) was investigated by tasking bats during flight with choosing between two tethered fluttering moths. echolocation pulses were recorded using a telemetry microphone mounted on the bat combined with a 17-channel horizontal microphone array to measure pulse directions. flight paths of the bat and moths were monitored using two high-speed video cameras. acoustical measurements of returning echoes from fluttering m ... | 2014 | 24958227 |
| adaptive beam-width control of echolocation sounds by cf-fm bats, rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon, during prey-capture flight. | the echolocation sounds of japanese cf-fm bats (rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon) were measured while the bats pursued a moth (goniocraspidum pryeri) in a flight chamber. using a 31-channel microphone array system, we investigated how cf-fm bats adjust pulse direction and beam width according to prey position. during the search and approach phases, the horizontal and vertical beam widths were ±22±5 and ±13±5 deg, respectively. when bats entered the terminal phase approximately 1 m from a moth, d ... | 2013 | 23487269 |
| echolocation behavior of the japanese horseshoe bat in pursuit of fluttering prey. | echolocation sounds of rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon as they approached a fluttering moth (goniocraspidum pryeri) were investigated using an on-board telemetry microphone (telemike). in 40% of the successful moth-capture flights, the moth exhibited distinctive evasive flight behavior, but the bat pursued the moth by following its flight path. when the distance to the moth was approximately 3-4 m, the bats increased the duration of the pulses to 65-95 ms, which is 2-3 times longer than those d ... | 2012 | 22777677 |
| convergence of reference frequencies by multiple cf-fm bats (rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon) during paired flights evaluated with onboard microphones. | the constant frequency component of the second harmonic (cf(2)) of echolocation sounds in rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon were measured using onboard telemetry microphones while the bats exhibited doppler-shift compensation during flights with conspecifics. (1) the cf(2) frequency of pulses emitted by individual bats at rest (f (rest)) showed a long-term gradual decline by 0.22 khz on average over a period of 3 months. the mean neighboring f (rest) (interindividual differences in f (rest) betwe ... | 2012 | 22717760 |