| polyphasic classification of the genus photorhabdus and proposal of new taxa: p. luminescens subsp. luminescens subsp. nov., p. luminescens subsp. akhurstii subsp. nov., p. luminescens subsp. laumondii subsp. nov., p. temperata sp. nov., p. temperata subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and p. asymbiotica sp. nov. | the taxonomic position of photorhabdus strains was examined through the results of dna relatedness (s1 nuclease method) studies associated with the determination of delta tm, 16s rrna phylogenetic inferences and phenotypic characterization, including morphological, auxanographic, biochemical and physiological properties. three genomic species were delineated on a consensus assessment. one of these species corresponded to photorhabdus luminescens, since strains were at least 50% related to the ty ... | 1999 | 10555346 |
| identification and sequence of an unstable dna element in the entomopathogenic bacteria photorhabdus temperata strain k122. | a search was conducted for a difference in genome composition between phenotypic variants of the insect pathogenic bacteria, photorhabdus temperata. | 2002 | 12100588 |
| characterisation of symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes by universally primed-pcr (up-pcr) and up-pcr product cross-hybridisation. | this work introduces and demonstrates the applicability of universally primed-pcr (up-pcr) for differentiating bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes. furthermore, typing by up-pcr product cross-hybridisation was successfully introduced to cluster the bacterial strains. the work was initiated by isolating 10 isolates of photorhabdus temperata (s172) from the nematode host heterorhabditis sp. (dk172) and 12 isolates of xenorhabdus bovienii (s1) from the nematode steinernema feltiae (dk ... | 2002 | 12393202 |
| a hexa homologue from photorhabdus regulates pathogenicity, symbiosis and phenotypic variation. | photorhabdus is a genus of entomopathogenic gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family enterobactericeae. remarkably, at the same time as being pathogenic to insect larvae, photorhabdus also have a mutualistic relationship with entomophagous nematodes of the family heterorhabditiae. photorhabdus can be isolated in two phenotypically distinct forms, termed the primary and secondary variant. both variants grow equally well and are equally virulent when injected into insect larvae. however, o ... | 2003 | 12603747 |
| effect of growth conditions on the motility of photorhabdus temperata. | photorhabdus temperata is a bioluminescent bacterium that lives in mutualistic association with entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus heterorhabditis. the bacterium exists in two morphologically distinguishable phases (primary and secondary). the swimming behavior of p. temperata was investigated. both the primary and secondary variants were able to swim in liquid or semisolid media under appropriate conditions. variation in the oxygen levels had little affect on the chemotaxis and motility of ... | 2003 | 12783158 |
| in vivo expression of the mannose-resistant fimbriae of photorhabdus temperata k122 during insect infection. | photorhabdus temperata k122 is an entomopathogenic bacterium symbiotically associated with nematodes of the family heterorhabditidae: surface fimbriae are important for the colonization of many pathogenic bacteria, and here we report the nucleotide sequence and analysis of the expression of a 12-kbp fragment encoding the mannose-resistant fimbriae of p. temperata (mrf). the mrf gene cluster contains 11 genes with an organization similar to that of the mrp locus from proteus mirabilis. mrfi (enco ... | 2004 | 14729685 |
| purification and characterization of two distinct metalloproteases secreted by the entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus sp. strain az29. | photorhabdus sp. strain az29 is symbiotic with an azorean nematode of the genus heterorhabditis in a complex that is highly virulent to insects even at low temperatures. the virulence of the bacteria is mainly attributed to toxins and bacterial enzymes secreted during parasitism. the bacteria secrete proteases during growth, with a peak at the end of the exponential growth phase. protease secretion was higher in cultures growing at lower temperatures. at 10 degrees c the activity was highest and ... | 2004 | 15240252 |
| taxonomy of australian clinical isolates of the genus photorhabdus and proposal of photorhabdus asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica subsp. nov. and p. asymbiotica subsp. australis subsp. nov. | the relationship of photorhabdus isolates that were cultured from human clinical specimens in australia to photorhabdus asymbiotica isolates from human clinical specimens in the usa and to species of the genus photorhabdus that are associated symbiotically with entomopathogenic nematodes was evaluated. a polyphasic approach that involved dna-dna hybridization, phylogenetic analyses of 16s rrna and gyrb gene sequences and phenotypic characterization was adopted. these investigations showed that g ... | 2004 | 15280306 |
| the exbd gene of photorhabdus temperata is required for full virulence in insects and symbiosis with the nematode heterorhabditis. | photorhabdus are bacteria found colonizing the gut of a specialized stage of the nematode heterorhabditis, called the infective juvenile (ij). the ij is a free-living stage of the nematode that seeks out and infects insect larvae. once inside the insect the ij release photorhabdus into the haemolymph where the bacteria rapidly proliferate, killing the insect within 48-72 h. the nematodes grow and reproduce in the insect cadaver by feeding on the photorhabdus biomass. in this study we use photorh ... | 2005 | 15819630 |
| evidence of oral toxicity of photorhabdus temperata strain k122 against prays oleae and its improvement by heterologous expression of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1ia genes. | photorhabdus temperata strain k122 exhibited oral toxicity against prays oleae with an lc50 of 58.1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1). recombinant p. temperata strains expressing the cry1aa and/or cry1ia genes of bacillus thuringiensis have been constructed. the two cry genes, encoding delta-endotoxins, were placed under the control of the lac promoter and iptg dependent expression in p. temperata was demonstrated. the presence of the cry genes in k122 resulted in a clear improvement of oral toxicity. this i ... | 2006 | 16413572 |
| effects of entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus temperata infection on the intestinal microbiota of the sugarcane stalk borer diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | photorhabdus temperata is an entomopathogenic bacterium that is associated with nematodes of the heterorhabditidae family in a symbiotic relationship. this study investigated the effects of p. temperata infection on the intestinal microbiota of the sugarcane stalk borer diatraea saccharalis. histopathology of the infection was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy. groups of 20 larvae were infected by injection of approximately 50 bacterial cells directly into the hemocoel. after ... | 2008 | 18406423 |
| application of 16s rdna-dgge and plate culture to characterization of bacterial communities associated with the sawfly, acantholyda erythrocephala (hymenoptera, pamphiliidae). | culture-based analysis was employed in parallel with pcr amplification of 16s rdna, coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), to profile bacterial species associated with different developmental stages of the pine false webworm (pfw), acantholyda erythrocephala, a sawfly pest responsible for incidents of severe defoliation in commercially important tree plantations in north america. culture-based analysis revealed that pseudomonas spp. along with bacillus sphaericus and arthro ... | 2008 | 18769850 |
| effects of entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus temperata infection on the digestive enzymes of diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) larvae. | this study investigated the effects of photorhabdus temperata infection on the activities of digestive enzymes of the sugarcane stalk borer diatraea saccharalis. non-infected d. saccharalis larvae present a major alpha-amylase, several proteinases, three sucrose hydrolases and two alpha-glucosidases in their midgut. analysis of these hydrolases by electrophoresis and "in gel" assays showed that the activities of all enzymes decreased following infection, with an initial decline observed 12 h aft ... | 2008 | 18782059 |
| photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea subsp. nov., isolated from heterorhabditis nematodes. | during the characterization of symbiotic bacteria of hungarian entomopathogenic nematode isolates, a number of bacteria (including strain 3107(t)) isolated from heterorhabditis downesi and heterorhabditis megidis showed only moderate 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to the type strains of all described photorhabdus species and subspecies. on the basis of the 16s rrna gene sequence, the phylogenetic relationships of these isolates were uncertain, because of the low bootstrap values. using gyrb s ... | 2008 | 18984696 |
| heterologous expression of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein-encoding gene vip3lb in photorhabdus temperata strain k122 and oral toxicity against the lepidoptera ephestia kuehniella and spodoptera littoralis. | photorhabdus temperata and bacillus thuringiensis are entomopathogenic bacteria exhibiting toxicities against different insect larvae. vegetative insecticidal protein vip3lb is a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein secreted during the vegetative growth stage exhibiting lepidopteran specificity. in this study, we focused for the first time on the heterologous expression of vip3lb gene in photorhabdus temperata strain k122. firstly, western blot analyses of whole cultures of recombinant ph ... | 2009 | 19462262 |
| comparative in vivo gene expression of the closely related bacteria photorhabdus temperata and xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi upon infection of the same insect host, rhizotrogus majalis. | photorhabdus and xenorhabdus are gram-negative, phylogenetically related, enterobacteria, forming mutualism with the entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis and steinernema, respectively. the mutualistic bacteria living in the intestines of the nematode infective juveniles are pathogenic to the insect upon release by the nematodes into the insect hemolymph. such a switch needs activation of genes that promote bacterial virulence. we studied in vivo gene expression in photorhabdus temperata an ... | 2009 | 19754939 |
| phylogeny of photorhabdus and xenorhabdus based on universally conserved protein-coding sequences and implications for the taxonomy of these two genera. proposal of new taxa: x. vietnamensis sp. nov., p. luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov., p. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov., p. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov., p. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov., and the reclassification of p. luminescens subsp. thracensis as p. temperata subsp. thracensis comb. nov. | we used the information from a set of concatenated sequences from four genes (reca, gyrb, dnan and gltx) to investigate the phylogeny of the genera photorhabdus and xenorhabdus (entomopathogenic bacteria associated with nematodes of the genera heterorhabditis and steinernema, respectively). the robustness of the phylogenetic tree obtained by this multigene approach was significantly better than that of the tree obtained by a single gene approach. the comparison of the topologies of single gene p ... | 2010 | 19783607 |
| photorhabdus temperata subsp. stackebrandtii subsp. nov. (enterobacteriales: enterobacteriaceae). | the bacterial symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain gps11 was characterized by 16s rrna gene sequence and physiological traits. the phylogenetic tree built upon 16s rrna gene sequences clustered the gps11 bacterial isolate with photorhabdus temperata strains which have been previously isolated from heterorhabditis species. the phylogenetic tree further identified four subgroups in p. temperata, and the relationships among these subgroups were confirmed by ... | 2010 | 20852981 |
| the first record of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabiditiae: steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) in natural ecosystems in lebanon: a biogeographic approach in the mediterranean region. | a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes in lebanon was conducted for the first time during 2008-2009. samples were collected on the coastal strip and in nine vegetation types extending from the coastal line to 3088m above sea level. wooded and herbaceous ecosystems were considered for sampling purposes. a total of 570 samples were taken, out of which 1% were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes. approximately, 15.8% out of the 19 sites sampled revealed entomopathogenic nematodes presence (repr ... | 2011 | 21241704 |
| swarming motility by photorhabdus temperata is influenced by environmental conditions and uses the same flagella as that used in swimming motility. | photorhabdus temperata, an insect pathogen and nematode symbiont, is motile in liquid medium by swimming. we found that p. temperata was capable of surface movement, termed swarming behavior. several lines of evidence indicate that p. temperata use the same flagella for both swimming and swarming motility. both motility types required additional nacl or kcl in the medium and had peritrichous flagella, which were composed of the same flagellin as detected by immunoblotting experiments. mutants de ... | 2011 | 21358760 |
| overcoming the production limitations of photorhabdus temperata ssp. temperata strain k122 bioinsecticides in low-cost medium. | for low-cost production of photorhabdus temperata ssp. temperata strain k122 bioinsecticide, a cheap complex medium was optimized. diluted seawater was used as the source of micronutrients, especially sodium chloride, involved in the improvement of cell density, culturability and oral toxicity of the bacterium p. temperata against ephestia kuehniella larvae. thus, the new formulated medium was composed only of 10 g/l of soya bean meal, used as the carbon and nitrogen main source, mixed in sevenf ... | 2011 | 21656156 |
| purl gene expression affects biofilm formation and symbiotic persistence of photorhabdus temperata in the nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora. | extensive studies of the well-known legume and rhizobium symbiosis model system suggest that the purine metabolic pathway plays a key role in microbe-plant interactions, although the exact mechanism is unknown. here, we report the impact of a key purine metabolic gene, purl, on the symbiotic interaction between the bacterium photorhabdus temperata and its nematode partner heterorhabditis bacteriophora. real-time pcr assays showed that the purl gene was upregulated in p. temperata in the nematode ... | 2011 | 21700665 |
| oral toxicity of photorhabdus culture media on gene expression of the adult sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci. | the oral toxicity of culture media of the symbiotic bacteria, photorhabdus temperata, mutually associated with entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis megidis and photorhabdus luminescens ssp. laumondii (tt01) mutually associated with heterorhabditis bacteriophora, were investigated in the adults of bemisia tabaci. the oral ingestion of sucrose diet solutions (20%) containing bacteria-free supernatant of the culture media from symbiotic bacteria gradually increased mortalities and was complete ... | 2012 | 22041203 |
| Detection and Identification of Species-Specific Bacteria Associated with Synanthropic Mites. | Internal bacterial communities of synanthropic mites Acarus siro, Dermatophagoides farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Astigmata) were analyzed by culturing and culture-independent approaches from specimens obtained from laboratory colonies. Homogenates of surface-sterilized mites were used for cultivation on non-selective agar and DNA extraction. Isolated bacteria were identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. PCR amplified 16S rRNA genes were analyzed b ... | 2011 | 22057398 |
| phospholipase a2 inhibitors synthesized by two entomopathogenic bacteria, xenorhabdus nematophila and photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata. | the entomopathogenic bacteria xenorhabdus nematophila and photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata suppress insect immune responses by inhibiting the catalytic activity of phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)), which results in preventing biosynthesis of immune-mediating eicosanoids. this study identified pla(2) inhibitors derived from culture broths of these two bacteria. both x. nematophila and p. temperata subsp. temperata culture broths possessed significant pla(2)-inhibitory activities. fractionation ... | 2012 | 22447611 |
| comparative analysis of xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi gene expression during symbiotic persistence in the host nematode. | species of xenorhabdus and photorhabdus bacteria form mutualistic associations with steinernema and heterorhabditis nematodes, respectively and serve as model systems for studying microbe-animal symbioses. here, we profiled gene expression of xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi during their symbiotic persistence in the newly formed infective juveniles of the host nematode steinernema scarabaei through the selective capture of transcribed sequences (scots). the obtained gene expression profile was then com ... | 2016 | 26745883 |
| identification and characterization of the insecticidal toxin "makes caterpillars floppy" in photorhabdus temperata m1021 using a cosmid library. | photorhabdus temperata is an entomopathogenic enterobacterium; it is a nematode symbiont that possesses pathogenicity islands involved in insect virulence. herein, we constructed a p. temperata m1021 cosmid library in escherichia coli xl1-blue mrf` and obtained 7.14 × 105 clones. however, only 1020 physiologically active clones were screened for insect virulence factors by injection of each e. coli cosmid clone into galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor larvae. a single cosmid clone, ptc1015, ... | 2014 | 25014195 |
| a novel formulation of bacillus thuringiensis for the control of brassica leaf beetle, phaedon brassicae (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | cabbage is a major vegetable crop over the world. various insect pests can affect cabbage production. excessive spray of chemical insecticides can lead to the development of insecticide resistance with various adverse effects on the environment and humans. brassica leaf beetle, phaedon brassicae baly, is a coleopteran pest. both larvae and adults cause damages to cabbage. the objective of this study was to develop an effective microbial insecticide against p. brassicae by adding an immunosuppres ... | 2015 | 26470390 |
| stilbene derivatives from photorhabdus temperata sn259 and their antifungal activities against phytopathogenic fungi. | chemical investigation of an insect pathogenic enterobacterium, photorhabdus temperata sn259, led to the isolation and identification of seven metabolites, which include three new compounds, 3-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-5-phenethylphenyl carbamate, 1, 2-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-[2-phenylethyl]benzene-1,3-diol, 2, 2-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-[(e)-2-phenylethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol, 3, and four known metabolites (4-7). their structures were elucidated on the basis of ms and nmr data and by comparison with t ... | 2017 | 27960253 |
| identification and characterization of photorhabdus temperata mutants altered in hemolysis and virulence. | photorhabdus temperata is a symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora and an insect pathogen. this bacterium produces a wide variety of virulence factors and hemolytic activity. the goal of this study was to identify hemolysin-defective mutants and test their virulence. a genetic approach was used to identify mutants with altered hemolytic activity by screening a library of 10 000 p. temperata transposon mutants. three classes of mutants were identified: (i) defecti ... | 2016 | 27300499 |
| complete genome sequence of photorhabdus temperata subsp. thracensis 39-8 t, an entomopathogenic bacterium for the improved commercial bioinsecticide. | photorhabdus temperata subsp. thracensis 39-8(t), a symbiotic bacterium from an entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora, is a novel bacterium harboring insect pathogenicity. herein, we present the complete genome sequence of strain 39-8(t), which consists of one circular chromosome of 5,147,098 bp with a gc content of 44.10%. this genetic information will provide insights into biotechnological applications of the genus photorhabdus producing insecticidal toxins, leading to the en ... | 2015 | 26415660 |
| elucidation of the photorhabdus temperata genome and generation of a transposon mutant library to identify motility mutants altered in pathogenesis. | the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora forms a specific mutualistic association with its bacterial partner photorhabdus temperata. the microbial symbiont is required for nematode growth and development, and symbiont recognition is strain specific. the aim of this study was to sequence the genome of p. temperata and identify genes that plays a role in the pathogenesis of the photorhabdus-heterorhabditis symbiosis. a draft genome sequence of p. temperata strain nc19 was genera ... | 2015 | 25917908 |
| physiological and molecular characterization of a newly identified entomopathogenic bacteria, photorhabdus temperata m1021. | the present study concerned the identification and characterization of a novel bacterial strain isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes collected from different regions in korea. the bacterial isolate m1021 was gramnegative, bioluminescent, and produced red colonies on macconkey agar medium. a rod-shaped structure was confirmed by the electron micrograph. fatty acid composition was analyzed by using the sherlock midi system. the identification was further supported by 16s rdna sequence analysis ... | 2012 | 23221521 |
| quorum sensing and luxr solos in photorhabdus. | bacterial communication via small diffusible molecules to mediate group-coordinated behaviour is commonly referred to as 'quorum sensing'. the prototypical quorum sensing system of gram-negative bacteria consists of a luxi-type autoinducer synthase that produces acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) as signals and a luxr-type receptor that detects the ahls to control expression of specific genes. however, many bacteria possess luxr homologs but lack a cognate luxi-type ahl-synthase. those luxr-type re ... | 2016 | 27848037 |
| evolution of virulence in photorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic nematode symbionts. | photorhabdus is a genus of gram-negative bacteria belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family. in addition to forming a mutualistic relationship with the heterorhabditidae family of nematodes, these bacteria are the causal agent of insect mortality during nematode infection, and are commonly used as biocontrol agents against pest insects in managed ecosystems. there are three described species of photorhabdus; photorhabdus luminescens and photorhabdus temperata, which are strictly entomopathogens ... | 2016 | 27020955 |
| an entomopathogenic nematode extends its niche by associating with different symbionts. | bacterial symbionts are increasingly recognised as mediators of ecologically important traits of their animal hosts, with acquisition of new traits possible by uptake of novel symbionts. the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis downesi associates with two bacterial symbionts, photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata and p. temperata subsp. cinerea. at one intensively studied coastal dune site, p. temperata subsp. cinerea is consistently more frequently isolated than p. temperata subsp. tempe ... | 2017 | 27543560 |
| structure of a zwitterionic o-polysaccharide from photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea 3240. | a phosphorylated o-polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of an entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea 3240 and studied by sugar analysis, dephosphorylation, and (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the following structure of the linear trisaccharide repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide was established: →3)-β-d-galpnac4petn-(1→4)-β-d-glcpa-(1→3)-β-d-fucpnac4n-(1→ where glca indicates glucuronic acid, fucnac4n 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxygalactose, a ... | 2015 | 25699972 |
| benzaldehyde as an insecticidal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compound produced by photorhabdus temperata m1021. | the photorhabdus temperata m1021 secretes toxic compounds that kill their insect hosts by arresting immune responses. present study was aimed to purify the insecticidal and antimicrobial compound(s) from the culture extract of p. temperata m1021 through bioassay guided fractionation. an ethyl acetate (etoac) extract of the p. temperata m1021 exhibited 100% mortality in galleria mellonella larvae within 72 h. in addition, etoac extract and bioactive compound 1 purified form the extract through to ... | 2015 | 25626368 |
| an insecticidal compound produced by an insect-pathogenic bacterium suppresses host defenses through phenoloxidase inhibition. | a bioassay-guided column chromatographic strategy was adopted in the present study to fractionate the culture extract of photorhabdus temperata m1021 to identify potential insecticidal and antimicrobial compounds. an ethyl acetate (etoac) culture extract of p. temperata was assayed against galleria mellonella larvae through intra-hemocoel injection and exhibited 100% insect mortality within 60 h. the etoac fraction and an isolated compound exhibited phenoloxidase (po) inhibition of up to 60% and ... | 2014 | 25514230 |
| draft genome sequence of photorhabdus temperata strain meg1, an entomopathogenic bacterium isolated from heterorhabditis megidis nematodes. | photorhabdus temperata strain meg1 is an entomopathogenic bacterium that forms a symbiotic association with heterorhabditis nematodes. we report here a 4.9-mbp draft genome sequence for p. temperata strain meg1, with a g+c content of 43.18% and containing 4,340 candidate protein-coding genes. | 2014 | 25502670 |
| structure of the o-polysaccharide of photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata xlnach(t) containing a novel branched monosaccharide, 3,6-dideoxy-4-c-[(s)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-d-xylo-hexose. | o-polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of an entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata xlnach(t). sugar analysis after full acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide revealed d-glucose, d-mannose, d-galactose, d-galnac, and a branched monosaccharide, 3,6-dideoxy-4-c-[(s)-1',2'-dihydroxyethyl]-d-xylo-hexose (sug), which was isolated as a 1,2'-anhydro furanose derivative. the following structure of the polysaccharide was established by 1d and 2d 1h and 13c n ... | 2015 | 24642011 |
| photorhabdus heterorhabditis sp. nov., a symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis zealandica. | the bacterial symbionts sf41t and sf783 were isolated from populations of the insect pathogenic nematode heterorhabditis zealandica collected in south africa. both strains were closely related to strain q614 isolated from a population of heterorhabditis sp. collected from soil in australia in the 1980s. sequence analysis based on a multigene approach, dna-dna hybridization data and phenotypic traits showed that strains sf41t, sf783 and q614 belong to the same species of the genus photorhabdus wi ... | 2014 | 24478206 |
| draft genome sequence of entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus temperata strain m1021, isolated from nematodes. | photorhabdus temperata strain m1021 is an entomopathogenic bacterium belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae and is symbiotically associated with nematodes. the draft genome sequence of p. temperata strain m1021 consists of 5,598,253 bp with a g+c content of 43.7%, and it has 6,120 protein-coding genes. | 2013 | 24029767 |
| phospholipase a₂ inhibitors in bacterial culture broth enhance pathogenicity of a fungus nomuraea rileyi. | an entomopathogenic fungus, nomuraea rileyi, was isolated and its identity was confirmed by its internal transcribed spacer dna sequence. the isolated n. rileyi exhibited a specific pathogenicity to lepidopteran species. this study was focused on enhancing the fungal pathogenicity by using immunosuppressive agents. in response to infection of n. rileyi, spodoptera exigua larvae significantly induced catalytic activity of phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) in three immune-associated tissues, namely hemo ... | 2012 | 22923114 |
| improvement of photorhabdus temperata bioinsecticides production in low-cost media through adequate fermentation technology. | to develop a cost effective process for bioinsecticides production by photorhabdus temperata, dissolved oxygen (do) requirements were investigated in both the complex and the optimized media using diluted seawater as a source of micronutrients. by varying do concentrations, tolerance to hydrogen peroxide was shown to be medium dependant. indeed, p. temperata cells grown in the complex medium, exhibited higher tolerance than cells grown in the optimized medium (om). tolerance to h(2)o(2) was show ... | 2012 | 22887915 |
| improvement of photorhabdus temperata strain k122 bioinsecticide production by batch and fed-batch fermentations optimization. | optimization of a fermentation process for bioinsecticides production by photorhabdus temperata strain k122 was investigated into fully controlled 3-l fermenter using an optimized medium (om). development of large-scale inocula showed that the composition of the growth medium greatly influenced the physiological state of p. temperata cells. the effect of ph, agitation and dissolved oxygen concentration (do) on the growth, culturability and oral toxicity of p. temperata cells were also investigat ... | 2012 | 22562445 |