| characterization of a new citrus viroid species tentatively termed citrus viroid os. | a new viroid was obtained from a viroid sample, named 'os', collected from a citrus plant. the viroid consists of 330-331 nucleotides, contains the central conserved region (ccr) characteristic of the genus apscaviroid, and has the highest sequence similarity (only 68%) with citrus iii viroid (cvd-iii) among known viroids. this viroid, by itself, caused only mild petiole necrosis and characteristically very mild leaf bending in arizona 861-s1 etrog citrons (citrus medica l.), the degree of which ... | 2001 | 11448034 |
| simultaneous detection of six citrus viroids and apple stem grooving virus from citrus plants by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | we developed a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect six citrus viroids: citrus exocortis viroid (cevd), citrus bent leaf viroid (cblvd), hop stunt viroid (hsvd), citrus viroid iii (cvd-iii), citrus viroid iv (cvd-iv) and citrus viroid os (cvd-os) and apple stem grooving virus (asgv, synonym: citrus tatter leaf virus (ctlv)) from citrus plants. the multiplex rt-pcr was also designed to distinguish cvd-i-lss (a distinct variant of cblvd) from cblvd. by the m ... | 2002 | 12393154 |
| plasma endothelin-1 immunoreactivity in normal dogs and dogs with acquired heart disease. | we sought to measure plasma endothelin-1 (et-1) concentrations in normal dogs and to compare them with those measured in dogs with acquired heart disease with or without pulmonary edema. a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was validated and used to measure et-1 immunoreactivity in plasma samples obtained from 32 normal dogs and 46 dogs with either dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm, n = 27) or degenerative valvular disease (cdvd, n = 19) with (n = 30) or without (n = 16) overt congestive h ... | 2004 | 15638267 |
| construction of a multiprobe for the simultaneous detection of viroids infecting citrus trees. | infections with different viroid species are common among cultivated fruit trees and grapevines, and many old-clone citrus varieties contain up to five citrus viroids (cvds) within a single tree. this paper describes the construction of a cvd-multiprobe consisting of full-length clones of hop stunt viroid, citrus exocortis viroid, citrus bent leaf viroid and cvd-iii. the cvd-multiprobe was tested against rna transcripts of the four viroids and rna extracts from plants singly infected with cevd o ... | 2006 | 16990999 |
| structural differences within the loop e motif imply alternative mechanisms of viroid processing. | viroids replicate via a rolling circle mechanism, and cleavage/ligation requires extensive rearrangement of the highly base-paired native structure. for potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd), the switch from cleavage to ligation is driven by the change from a multibranched tetraloop structure to a loop e conformation. here we present evidence that processing of citrus viroid iii (cvd-iii), a member of a related group of viroids that also replicate in the nucleus, may proceed via a distinct pathway ... | 2007 | 17438124 |
| differential display analysis of gene expression in etrog citron leaves infected by citrus viroid iii. | citrus are natural hosts of several viroids, which are plant pathogens composed exclusively of a non-protein-coding, small single-stranded circular rna that is able to replicate autonomously in susceptible hosts. they are responsible for symptoms such as stunting, leaf epinasty, and chlorosis. citrus viroid iii (cvd-iii) has been long regarded as a possible dwarfing agent of citrus grafted on trifoliate orange and its hybrids. to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis, the mes ... | 2007 | 17475349 |
| hemostatic biomarkers in dogs with chronic congestive heart failure. | chronic congestive heart failure (chf) in humans is associated with abnormal hemostasis, and abnormalities in hemostatic biomarkers carry a poor prognosis. alterations in hemostatic pathways can be involved in the pathogenesis of chf in dogs, and microthrombosis in the myocardium could contribute to increased mortality. | 2007 | 17552450 |
| multiple citrus viroids in citrus from japan and their ability to produce exocortis-like symptoms in citron. | abstract sequential polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses showed many viroid-like rnas in samples collected from citrus trees in japan. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analyses of the amplified fragments verified that they were derived from variants of six citrus viroids, citrus exocortis viroid (cevd), citrus bent leaf viroid (cblvd) including cvd-i-lss (a distinct variant of cblvd), hop stunt viroid, citrus viroid iii, citrus viroid iv, and citrus viroid os ... | 2002 | 18943029 |
| interactions between citrus viroids affect symptom expression and field performance of clementine trees grafted on trifoliate orange. | abstract citrus exocortis viroid (cevd), citrus bent leaf viroid (cblvd), a noncachexia variant of hop stunt viroid (hsvd), citrus viroid iii (cvd-iii), and citrus viroid iv (cvd-iv) were co-inoculated as two-, three-, four-, and five-viroid mixtures to clementine trees grafted on trifoliate orange to evaluate their effect on symptom expression, tree growth, and fruit yield. most trees infected with cevd-containing viroid mixtures developed exocortis scaling symptoms, as did cevd alone, whereas ... | 2006 | 18943417 |
| increased expression of interleukin-1beta and its novel splice variant in canine hearts with volume overload. | volume overload frequently caused in dogs by chronic degenerative valvular disease (cdvd), eventually leads to cardiac failure. experimental and clinical evidences demonstrate that increased interleukin-1beta serum level in patients with heart insufficiency correlates with the severity of failure irrespective of its etiology. very little is known about the il-1beta expression in failing vs. non-failing myocardium. il-1beta transcript level was determined in the cdvd dogs (n=17) and control anima ... | 2008 | 19008121 |
| an artificial chimeric derivative of citrus viroid v involves the terminal left domain in pathogenicity. | the recently described citrus viroid v (cvd-v) induces, in etrog citron, mild stunting and very small necrotic lesions and cracks, sometimes filled with gum. as etrog citron plants co-infected with citrus dwarfing viroid (cdvd) and cvd-v show synergistic interactions, these host-viroid combinations provide a convenient model to identify the pathogenicity determinant(s). the biological effects of replacing limited portions of the rod-like structure of cvd-v with the corresponding portions of cdvd ... | 2009 | 19523104 |
| molecular and biological characterization of natural variants of citrus dwarfing viroid. | citrus dwarfing viroid has been proposed as an agent to control tree size in high-density plantations. thirty-three field isolates have been characterized, and the most frequent sequence/s have been identified. five distinct variants were selected for biological characterization. symptom expression analysis demonstrated a good correlation between leaf/stem symptoms and plant growth. the discriminating nucleotide sequence differences included two deletions and an insertion resulting in a reorgani ... | 2009 | 19565323 |
| plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (proanp 31-67), b-type natriuretic peptide (nt-probnp) and endothelin-1 (et-1) concentrations in dogs with chronic degenerative valvular disease (cdvd). | | 2009 | 19585255 |
| characterization of a new apscaviroid from american persimmon. | a unique circular molecule of 358 nucleotides was detected in american persimmon (diospyros virginiana l.). the molecule was graft-transmissible and had genetic characteristics of members of the genus apscaviroid. it had the highest sequence similarity (72-73 %) to citrus viroid vi (cvd-vi) and formed a clade with cvd-vi, citrus dwarfing viroid, and apple dimple fruit viroid in a phylogenetic tree. the molecule was not detected in citrus, unlike cvd-vi, which infects citrus and persimmon, and it ... | 2013 | 23827974 |
| phloem restriction of viroids in three citrus hosts is overcome by grafting with etrog citron: potential involvement of a translocatable factor. | viroid systemic spread involves cell-to-cell movement from initially infected cells via plasmodesmata, long-distance movement within the phloem and again cell-to-cell movement to invade distal tissues including the mesophyll. citrus exocortis viroid (cevd), hop stunt viroid, citrus bent leaf viroid, citrus dwarfing viroid, citrus bark cracking viroid and citrus viroid v remained phloem restricted when singly infecting citrus karna, citrus aurantium and poncirus trifoliata, but not etrog citron, ... | 2015 | 25888624 |
| evaluation of the usability of selected questionnaires assessing physical activity in the prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases. | the main health problem of the polish population is posed by cardiovascular diseases (cdvd), coronary artery disease (cad) in particular. respectively higher physical activity linked with energy expenditure of at least 1000 kcal/week may significantly reduce the risk of cad development. the protective effect of exercise applies not only to persons from high-risk groups and with diagnosed chronic diseases that increase the risk of the incidence of atherosclerosis and its complications, but also t ... | 2016 | 26935499 |
| metabolomic profile related to cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. | type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (cvd) that represents one of the main causes of mortality in this population. the knowledge of the underlie factors involved in the development of cvd and the discovery of new biomarkers of the disease could help to early identification of high-risk patients. using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (lc-hrms) we analyzed the serum metabolomic profile of 30 subject distributed ... | 2016 | 26653434 |
| occurrence of mitral valve insufficiency in clinically healthy beagle dogs. | chronic degenerative valve disease (cdvd) is the most common cardiac disease in dogs, usually resulting in mitral valve insufficiency (mvi). the goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mvi in clinically healthy beagle populations. a total of 79 adult healthy beagles (41 females and 38 males; age: 5.6 ± 2.7 years, range 1.4 to 11.7 years) were examined. the diagnosis of mvi was based on the detection of a systolic murmur heard above the mitral valve, and was confirmed by colour fl ... | 2015 | 26599093 |
| anti-inflammatory properties and expression in selected organs of canine interleukin-1β splice variant 1. | the il-1β gene can be also be spliced with the intron 4 retention; the result is a il-1β splice variant 1 (il-1βsv1), which was significantly up-regulated in failing myocardium of dogs suffering from chronic degenerative valvular disease (cdvd). expression of il-1βsv1 was assessed, at both rna and protein levels, in organs affected by heart failure, namely, kidneys, liver, and lungs from 35 dogs suffering chronic degenerative valvular disease (cdvd) and in 20 disease free control dogs. il-1βsv1 ... | 2015 | 26239893 |
| virus-viroid interactions: citrus tristeza virus enhances the accumulation of citrus dwarfing viroid in mexican lime via virus-encoded silencing suppressors. | an assay to identify interactions between citrus dwarfing viroid (cdvd) and citrus tristeza virus (ctv) showed that viroid titer was enhanced by the coinfecting ctv in mexican lime but not in etrog citron. since ctv encodes three rna silencing suppressors (rsss), p23, p20 and p25, an assay using transgenic mexican limes expressing each rss revealed that p23 and, to a lesser extent, p25 recapitulated the effect observed with coinfections of ctv and cdvd. | 2014 | 24227850 |
| red blood cell distribution width in dogs with chronic degenerative valvular disease. | to evaluate rbc distribution width (rdw) in dogs with chronic degenerative valvular disease (cdvd) with compensated or decompensated heart failure. | 2013 | 24004234 |
| single-strand conformation polymorphism for molecular variability studies of six viroid species. | molecular diversity within six viroid species and different molecular variants, in each species infecting fruit trees was first estimated by the single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) technique and then by direct sequencing analysis. the different variants studied are to three australian grapevine viroids(agvd), four citrus dwarfing viroids (cdvd), eleven grapevine yellow speckle viroids type-1 (gysvd-1), four hop stunt viroids (hsvd), seven peach latent mosaic viroids (plmvd), and eight ... | 2013 | 23291763 |
| the genetic diversity of citrus dwarfing viroid populations is mainly dependent on the infected host species. | as with viruses, viroids infect their hosts as polymorphic populations of variants. identifying possible sources of genetic variability is significant in the case of the species citrus dwarfing viroid (cdvd) which has been proposed as a dwarfing agent for high-density citrus plantings. here, a natural cdvd isolate (cmc) was used as an inoculum source for long-term (25 years) and short-term (1 year) bioassays in different citrus host species. characterization of progenies indicated that the genet ... | 2013 | 23152366 |
| impact of family history on relations between insulin resistance, ldl cholesterol and carotid imt in healthy adults. | insulin resistance (ir) is implicated as an independent risk factor for vascular disease. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of family history (fh) of type 2 diabetes (t2dm) and/or cardiovascular disease (cvd) on the associations between ir, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) and subclinical atherosclerosis (common and internal carotid artery intima media thickness (imt)) in healthy european adults. | 2010 | 20639236 |
| citrus viroid v: molecular characterization and synergistic interactions with other members of the genus apscaviroid. | studies on atalantia citroides, a citrus relative, revealed the existence of a viroid not described previously. the new viroid has a gc-rich genome of 293-294 nucleotides and contains the central conserved region characteristic of members of the genus apscaviroid, and the terminal conserved region present in this and other genera of the family pospiviroidae. the secondary structure of minimum free energy predicted for the new viroid is a rod-like conformation with 68.7% paired nucleotides and sh ... | 2008 | 17900648 |
| [is the cvd-iii classification of the ninds still useful?]. | | 2006 | 17461128 |
| [mathematical analysis of the possibilities of automated peritoneal dialysis optimization]. | the aim of the study was assessment of theoretical possibilities of the automated peritoneal dialysis (apd) optimization. the analysis of influence of dwells number modification and peritoneal transport character on nightly intermittent peritoneal dialysis (nipd) efficacy and adequacy was performed. 20 patients were included in the study. the velocity of urea peritoneal transport expressed as smtr (solute mass transport rate) was calculated according to the formula: smtr = delta (cdvd)/delta t, ... | 2002 | 12621754 |
| characterisation of two citrus apscaviroids isolated in spain. | sequence variability in the pcr amplified cdnas from two citrus apscaviroid isolates cvd-ia and cvd-iiid from spain, was analysed. cvd-iiid sequence was shown to be identical to previously described cvd-iii sequences and no important variability was encountered within the viroid population. conversely, cvd-ia displayed population heterogeneity as shown by sscp analysis, sal i restriction site polymorphism and sequences of 27 cvd-ia cloned dnas. the cvd-ia genomic heterogeneity is characterised b ... | 2000 | 11043955 |
| both point mutation and rna recombination contribute to the sequence diversity of citrus viroid iii. | field-grown citrus trees often harbor complex mixtures of 4-5 different viroid species, and the presence of citrus viroid iii (cvd-iii) has been shown to reduce the rate of tree growth without inducing disease. to more fully define the structure of its quasi-species, we have examined nine citrus viroid complexes for the presence of previously undescribed sequence variants of cvd-iii. analysis of 86 full-length cdnas generated from these nine viroid complexes by rt-pcr revealed the presence of 20 ... | 2000 | 10949952 |
| occurrence of citrus viroids in costa rica. | a survey for citrus viroids was conducted in the major citrus commercial growing areas in costa rica. screening of 36 sweet orange and 12 lemon trees resulted in the detection of members of four of the five citrus viroid groups as determined by nucleic acid hybridization using specific rna probes and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using specific oligonucleotide primers. cevd, cvd-iia, cvd-iib and cvd-iii viroids were found to be widespread in the three main regions of commercial citrus producti ... | 1997 | 9611301 |