| survival of female common eiders somateria m. mollissima in a declining population of the northern baltic sea. | in long-lived species, adult survival is the population parameter having the highest elasticity, and therefore, it can be expected to be least affected by climatic variations. we studied the dynamics and survival of breeding female common eiders somateria mollissima mollissima in the baltic sea from 1960 to 2007. using nest censuses and capture-recapture methods, we investigated: (1) the annual apparent survival (phi) of breeding females, (2) the survival-mediated population fluctuation, (3) wea ... | 2009 | 19139920 |