| morphological and molecular characterization of trypanosoma copemani n. sp. (trypanosomatidae) isolated from gilbert's potoroo ( potorous gilbertii) and quokka ( setonix brachyurus). | little is known of the prevalence and life-cycle of trypanosomes in mammals native to australia. native australian trypanosomes have previously been identified in marsupials in the eastern states of australia, with one recent report in brush-tailed bettongs (bettongia penicillata), or woylie in western australia in 2008. this study reports a novel trypanosoma sp. identified in blood smears, from 7 critically endangered gilbert's potoroos (potorous gilbertii) and 3 quokkas (setonix brachyurus) in ... | 2009 | 19416553 |
| novel trypanosome trypanosoma gilletti sp. (euglenozoa: trypanosomatidae) and the extension of the host range of trypanosoma copemani to include the koala ( phascolarctos cinereus). | trypanosoma irwini was previously described from koalas and we now report the finding of a second novel species, t. gilletti, as well as the extension of the host range of trypanosoma copemani to include koalas. phylogenetic analysis at the 18s rdna and ggapdh loci demonstrated that t. gilletti was genetically distinct with a genetic distance (± s.e.) at the 18s rdna locus of 2.7 ± 0.5% from t. copemani (wombat). at the ggapdh locus, the genetic distance (± s.e.) of t. gilletti was 8.7 ± 1.1% fr ... | 2011 | 20663248 |
| vector of trypanosoma copemani identified as ixodes sp. | summarya total of 41 ticks were collected from 15 quokkas on bald island and 2 ticks from a gilbert's potoroo from two peoples bay. three species of ixodid ticks ixodes australiensis, ixodes hirsti and ixodes myrmecobii were identified on the quokkas known to have a high prevalence of trypanosoma copemani. tick faeces from ticks isolated from 8 individual quokkas and a gilbert's potoroo were examined with one identified as positive for trypanosomes. faecal examination revealed trypanosomes simil ... | 2011 | 21518469 |
| trypanosomes of australian mammals: a review. | approximately 306 species of terrestrial and arboreal mammals are known to have inhabited the mainland and coastal islands of australia at the time of european settlement in 1788. the exotic trypanosoma lewisi was the first mammalian trypanosome identified in australia in 1888, while the first native species, trypanosoma pteropi, was taxonomically described in 1913. since these discoveries, about 22% of the indigenous mammalian fauna have been examined during the surveillance of trypanosome biod ... | 2014 | 25161902 |
| in vitro drug susceptibility of two strains of the wildlife trypanosome, trypanosoma copemani: a comparison with trypanosoma cruzi. | trypanosomes are blood protozoan parasites that are capable of producing illness in the vertebrate host. within australia, several native trypanosoma species have been described infecting wildlife. however, only trypanosoma copemani has been associated with pathological lesions in wildlife hosts and more recently has been associated with the drastic decline of the critically endangered woylie (bettongia penicillata). the impact that some trypanosomes have on the health of the vertebrate host has ... | 2017 | 28040568 |
| towards a better understanding of the life cycle of trypanosoma copemani. | trypanosoma copemani has been found infecting several threatened/endangered marsupial species within australia and is thought to be a key player in the rapid decline of the woylie (bettongia penicillata). to better understand the biology and life cycle of this parasite, the growth requirements, and kinetics of infection of two newly described genotypes, t. copemani g1 and g2, were investigated and compared with the t. cruzi strain-10r26 in vitro. both g1 and g2 were able to infect all four cell ... | 2016 | 26712388 |
| molecular characterization of native australian trypanosomes in quokka (setonix brachyurus) populations from western australia. | the quokka, setonix brachyurus, is a vulnerable, small marsupial endemic to western australia. blood samples were collected from quokkas from three different geographical locations; two peoples bay, bald island and rottnest island. the overall prevalence of trypanosomes by nested pcr at the 18s ribosomal rna gene was 57.3% (63/110) with prevalences of 91.4%, 85.3% and 4.9% respectively for two peoples bay, bald island and rottnest island. phylogenetic analysis conducted on 47 18s pcr positives i ... | 2016 | 26697991 |
| investigation of the morphological diversity of the potentially zoonotic trypanosoma copemani in quokkas and gilbert's potoroos. | trypanosomes are blood-borne parasites that can cause severe disease in both humans and animals, yet little is known of the pathogenicity and life-cycles of trypanosomes in native australian mammals. trypanosoma copemani is known to be infective to a variety of australian marsupials and has recently been shown to be potentially zoonotic as it is resistant to normal human serum. in the present study, in vivo and in vitro examination of blood and cultures from australian marsupials was conducted u ... | 2015 | 26160545 |
| the innate resistance of trypanosoma copemani to human serum. | trypanosoma copemani is known to be infective to a variety of australian marsupials. characterisation of this parasite revealed the presence of stercorarian-like life-cycle stages in culture, which are similar to t. rangeli and t. cruzi. the blood incubation infectivity test (biit) was adapted and used to determine if t. copemani, like t. cruzi and t. rangeli, has the potential to grow in the presence of human serum. to eliminate any effects of anticoagulants on the complement system and on huma ... | 2015 | 25816975 |
| sensitivity testing of trypanosome detection by pcr from whole blood samples using manual and automated dna extraction methods. | automated extraction of dna for testing of laboratory samples is an attractive alternative to labour-intensive manual methods when higher throughput is required. however, it is important to maintain the maximum detection sensitivity possible to reduce the occurrence of type ii errors (false negatives; failure to detect the target when it is present), especially in the biomedical field, where pcr is used for diagnosis. we used blood infected with known concentrations of trypanosoma copemani to te ... | 2014 | 25124940 |
| temporal and spatial dynamics of trypanosomes infecting the brush-tailed bettong (bettongia penicillata): a cautionary note of disease-induced population decline. | the brush-tailed bettong or woylie (bettongia penicillata) is on the brink of extinction. its numbers have declined by 90% since 1999, with their current distribution occupying less than 1% of their former australian range. woylies are known to be infected with three different trypanosomes (trypanosoma vegrandis, trypanosoma copemani and trypanosoma sp. h25) and two different strains of t. copemani that vary in virulence. however, the role that these haemoparasites have played during the recent ... | 2014 | 24708757 |
| trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (bettongia penicillata). | while much is known of the impact of trypanosomes on human and livestock health, trypanosomes in wildlife, although ubiquitous, have largely been considered to be non-pathogenic. we describe the genetic diversity, tissue tropism and potential pathogenicity of trypanosomes naturally infecting western australian marsupials. blood samples collected from 554 live-animals and 250 tissue samples extracted from 50 carcasses of sick-euthanized or road-killed animals, belonging to 10 species of marsupial ... | 2013 | 24533319 |
| morphological polymorphism of trypanosoma copemani and description of the genetically diverse t. vegrandis sp. nov. from the critically endangered australian potoroid, the brush-tailed bettong (bettongia penicillata (gray, 1837)). | the trypanosome diversity of the brush-tailed bettong (bettongia penicillata), known locally as the woylie, has been further investigated. at a species level, woylies are critically endangered and have declined by 90% since 1999. the predation of individuals made more vulnerable by disease is thought to be the primary cause of this decline, but remains to be proven. | 2013 | 23622560 |