| cryptosporidium ryanae n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in cattle (bos taurus). | a new species, cryptosporidium ryanae, is described from cattle. oocysts of c. ryanae, previously identified as the cryptosporidium deer-like genotype and recorded as such in genbank (ay587166, eu203216, dq182597, ay741309, and dq871345), are similar to those of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium bovis but smaller. this genotype has been reported to be prevalent in cattle worldwide. oocysts obtained from a calf for the present study are the smallest cryptosporidium oocysts reported in ma ... | 2008 | 18583057 |
| prevalence and distribution of cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in heilongjiang province, china. | few data are available on the molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in china. in the present study, a total of 507 fecal specimens from six dairy farms in heilongjiang province were examined for cryptosporidium spp. by light microscopy of concentrates from the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation method (for less than 2-month-old calves) or sheather's floatation method (more than 3-month-old dairy cattle). twenty-seven post-weaned calves on five farms were positive for cry ... | 2009 | 19424720 |
| a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay to simultaneously distinguish cryptosporidium species of veterinary and public health concern in cattle. | four species of cryptosporidium are routinely found in cattle: cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidium bovis, cryptosporidium ryanae, and cryptosporidium andersoni. it is important to determine the species of cryptosporidium in infected cattle because c. parvum is the only serious pathogen for humans as well as cattle. identification of cryptosporidium species and genotypes currently relies on molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by restriction fragment length polym ... | 2009 | 19713046 |
| molecular characterisation of cryptosporidium isolates from swedish dairy cattle in relation to age, diarrhoea and region. | cryptosporidium positive samples from 176 preweaned calves, young stock and cows of 48 herds were subjected to molecular characterisation of the 18s rrna gene to determine which species are present in swedish dairy cattle. in addition, samples characterised as cryptosporidium parvum were further analysed at the gp60 gene to investigate distribution and zoonotic potential of subtypes. the 18s rrna gene was successfully sequenced in 110 samples, with cryptosporidium bovis in 83, c. parvum in 15, c ... | 2010 | 20138705 |
| species of cryptosporidium detected in weaned cattle on cow-calf operations in the united states. | to determine the species and distribution of cryptosporidium in weaned beef calves in the united states, fecal specimens were collected from 819 cattle between 6 and 18 months of age from 49 operations in 20 states (alabama, california, colorado, georgia, idaho, iowa, kansas, louisiana, mississippi, missouri, nebraska, new mexico, north dakota, oklahoma, oregon, south dakota, tennessee, texas, virginia, and wyoming). fresh feces, collected either from the ground or directly from the rectum of ea ... | 2010 | 20338690 |
| molecular characterization and assessment of zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidium from dairy cattle in west bengal, india. | few studies in the past have examined the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of cryptosporidium in dairy cattle in india. to assess the importance of these animals as a source of human cryptosporidium infections, fecal samples from 180 calves, heifers and adults and 51 farm workers on two dairy farms in west bengal, india were genotyped by pcr-rflp analysis of the 18s rrna gene of cryptosporidium followed by dna sequencing of the pcr products. phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the d ... | 2010 | 20356678 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in native calves in nigeria. | most studies on the distribution of cryptosporidium species in cattle were done with dairy breeds in industrialized nations. in this study, 65 fecal samples from randomly selected 12-24-week-old diarrheic calves in four white fulani herds in southwestern nigeria were screened for cryptosporidium spp. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the small subunit rrna gene. thirty-four (52.3%) of the samples were positive for cryptosporidium. r ... | 2010 | 20644959 |
| cryptosporidium infection in herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems. | a case-control study was designed to investigate the role of different cryptosporidium spp. in swedish dairy herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems. faecal samples were collected from preweaned calves, young stock and cows. cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by sodium chloride flotation and epifluorescence microscopy. molecular diagnostics were used to identify cryptosporidium species. samples containing c. parvum were further analysed to determine subtypes. calf faecal samples were ... | 2010 | 20714750 |
| the potential for zoonotic transmission of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. from beef and dairy cattle in ontario, canada. | the objective of this study was to compare the occurrence and the genotypes and species of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in beef and dairy cattle from farms in the regional municipality of waterloo, ontario, in an effort to determine the potential for zoonotic transmission from these animals. pooled manure samples were collected from 45 dairy cattle farms and 30 beef cattle farms. the presence of giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts was determined by immunofluorescence microsc ... | 2010 | 20971563 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned dairy calves in the czech republic: absence of c. ryanae and management-associated distribution of c. andersoni, c. bovis and c. parvum subtypes. | a total of 750 faecal samples of dairy calves at up to 2 months of age kept in various housing systems were screened for cryptosporidium spp. infection using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method. dna was extracted from cryptosporidium positive samples and from 150 randomly selected microscopically negative samples. nested pcr was performed to amplify the partial ssu rrna gene of cryptosporidium that was subsequently digested by sspi, vspi and mboii restriction enzymes to determine th ... | 2010 | 21168973 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in native breeds of cattle in kaduna state, nigeria. | despite numerous molecular epidemiologic studies of cryptosporidiosis in dairy cattle in industrialized countries, there are very few studies on the diversity and public health significance of cryptosporidium species in native cattle in developing countries. in this study, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the small-subunit (ssu) rrna gene was used to detect and identify cryptosporidium spp. in 194 fecal specimens from 2 to 365 days old ... | 2011 | 21277091 |
| cryptosporidium infection in non-human hosts in malawi. | of 1346 faecal samples from the chikwawa and thyolo districts of malawi, analysed for the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts between october 2001 and may 2003, 61.3% were from cattle (29.8% of these were from calves <6 months old). cryptosporidium oocysts were detected during all three seasons studied in chikwawa and thyolo. in chikwawa, 13.6% of adult cattle and 11.7% of calves were infected, compared to 28.9% of adult cattle and 36.7% of calves in thyolo. dependent on season, between 7.8% and ... | 2009 | 21344786 |
| a whole water catchment approach to investigating the origin and distribution of cryptosporidium species. | aims: investigating the distribution and origin of cryptosporidium species in a water catchment affected by destocking and restocking of livestock due to a foot and mouth disease epidemic. methods and results: surface water, livestock and wildlife samples were screened for cryptosporidium and oocysts characterised by sequencing ssu rrna and cowp loci, and fragment analysis of ml1, ml2 and gp60 microsatellite loci. oocyst concentrations in water samples (0 to 20.29 per 10l) were related to rain ... | 2011 | 21649804 |
| real-time pcr assay targeting the actin gene for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum in calf fecal samples. | cryptosporidium parvum infection is very important with respect to public health, owing to foodborne and waterborne outbreaks and gastrointestinal illness in immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. in cattle, infection with this species manifests either as a subclinical disease or with diarrheal illness, which occurs more often in the presence of other infectious agents than when alone. the aim of this study was to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detectio ... | 2011 | 22042503 |
| common occurrence of a unique cryptosporidium ryanae variant in zebu cattle and water buffaloes in the buffer zone of the chitwan national park, nepal. | there are very few studies on the diversity and public health significance of cryptosporidium species in zebu cattle and water buffaloes in developing countries. in this study, pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism and dna sequence analyses of the small-subunit (ssu) rrna gene were used to genotype cryptosporidium specimens from 12 zebu cattle calves, 16 water buffalo calves, and four swamp deer (cervus duvaucelii) collected from the buffer zone of the chitwan national park, nepal. all cr ... | 2011 | 21996006 |
| occurrence of cryptosporidium and giardia on beef farms and water sources within the vicinity of the farms on prince edward island, canada. | the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and assemblages of giardia and species of cryptosporidium on beef farms in prince edward island (pei), canada, including the water sources associated with the farms, and to determine risk factors for infection of cattle with these parasites. twenty beef farms were selected based on the presence of surface water<500m from the barn. prevalence was determined by direct immunofluorescence microscopy, while genotyping and species determina ... | 2011 | 22112978 |
| dynamics of excretion and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium isolates in pre-weaned french beef calves. | studies on excretion and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium have been mostly conducted in dairy calves, both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic. little is known about cryptosporidium in beef calves, especially in non-diarrhoeic ones. this study was conducted in a herd of parthenais beef cattle (france) with no history of clinical cryptosporidiosis. twenty-five calves were sampled once a week from birth to one month of age (age range: 5-34 days). at each sampling date, presence of clinical ... | 2012 | 23312870 |
| molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium in livestock animals and humans in the ismailia province of egypt. | the zoonotic potential of cryptosporidium was studied in one of the most densely populated provinces of egypt regarding livestock and people. in a representative survey, faecal samples from cattle, buffalo and stool samples from diarrhoeic children (<10 years) were investigated. parameters assumed to be related to cryptosporidiosis were recorded for animals and children. animal samples (804) were examined by the copro-antigen rida(®)quick test, followed by pcrs targeting the 18s rdna and gp60 ge ... | 2012 | 23305974 |
| occurrence and molecular identification of cryptosporidium spp. in dairy calves in xinjiang, northwestern china. | a total of 514 fecal samples were collected from dairy calves on 15 farms in the xinjiang uyghur autonomous region in northwestern china and were screened for cryptosporidium spp. by pcr. the overall prevalence of cryptosporidium was 16.0% (82/514), and the infection rate was 15.6% (37/237) and 16.2% (45/277) in pre- and post-weaned calves, respectively. pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and dna sequence analyses of 82 positive fecal samples revealed the presence of four crypto ... | 2015 | 26186985 |
| distribution of cryptosporidium species in tibetan sheep and yaks in qinghai, china. | few data are available on the distribution of cryptosporidium species in tibetan sheep and yaks, which are free-range animals living in a cold, low oxygen, and high ultraviolet radiation habitat. in this study, 904 fecal specimens were collected from 350 tibetan sheep and 554 yaks in six counties. cryptosporidium spp. were detected and differentiated by pcr and sequence analyses. altogether, 43 (12.3%) tibetan sheep and 158 (28.5%) yaks were positive for cryptosporidium spp. in tibetan sheep, cr ... | 2016 | 26790738 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle, northwest china. | cryptosporidium spp. cause enteric diseases in a wide range of animals, including dairy cattle. however, limited information is available regarding prevalence and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in gansu province and ningxia hui autonomous region (nxhar), northwest china. a total of 2945 dairy feces samples (1257 from gansu province and 1688 from nxhar) were collected between december 2012 and march 2014 and were tested by pcr amplification of the small subunit ... | 2015 | 26002827 |
| occurrence and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. and enterocytozoon bieneusi in dairy cattle, beef cattle and water buffaloes in china. | cryptosporidium spp. and enterocytozoon bieneusi are important protists in a wide range of vertebrate hosts, causing diarrheal diseases. cattle are considered potential reservoirs of cryptosporidium infection in humans, although their role in the transmission of e. bieneusi is not clear. in the present work, 793 fecal specimens from dairy cattle, native beef cattle, and water buffaloes on 11 farms in china were examined for the presence of cryptosporidium spp. and e. bieneusi using nested pcr ta ... | 2015 | 25541482 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned calves in shaanxi province, north-western china. | cryptosporidium, a worldwide protozoan parasite, is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea in humans and animals. the aim of the present study was to determine cryptosporidium species/genotypes in pre-weaned calves in shaanxi province using pcr and sequencing based on the small subunit rrna gene. a total of 258 faecal samples were collected from pre-weaned calves in 19 different farms from six areas in shaanxi province, north-western china. cryptosporidium infection was detected in 14 of 19 ... | 2015 | 25385243 |
| prevalence and characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in nile river delta provinces, egypt. | molecular characterizations of cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in industrialized nations have mostly shown a dominance of cryptosporidium parvum, especially its iia subtypes in pre-weaned calves. few studies, however, have been conducted on the distribution of cryptosporidium species and c. parvum subtypes in various age groups of dairy cattle in developing countries. in this study, we examined the prevalence and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium in dairy cattle in four nile rive ... | 2013 | 24036320 |
| occurrence and molecular identification of cryptosporidium species isolated from cattle in poland. | cryptosporidiosis is a disease reported in both humans and animals and is caused by a protozoan parasite cryptosporidium. in most cases calves are infected by different cryptosporidium species adapted to this animal host. most infections are subclinical; however in some cases the watery diarrhea appears. the rapid development of new molecular diagnostic tools has provided an opportunity for better recognition of cryptosporidium species and genotypes isolated from infected hosts. the aim of this ... | 2013 | 23566407 |
| novel quantitative taqman real-time pcr assays for detection of cryptosporidium at the genus level and genotyping of major human and cattle-infecting species. | development of taqman mgb real-time pcr assays for quantitative typing of major cattle and human-pathogenic cryptosporidium species. | 2013 | 23230846 |
| cryptosporidium species detected in calves and cattle in dagoretti, nairobi, kenya. | a total of 1,734 cattle faecal samples from 296 dairy-keeping households were collected from urban settings in nairobi, kenya. modified ziehl-neelsen staining method and an immunofluorescence assay were used to identify those samples with cryptosporidium oocyst infection. oocysts from positive faecal samples were isolated by sheather's sucrose flotation method and picked from the concentrate using cover slips. genomic dna was extracted from 124 of the faecal samples that were positive for crypto ... | 2012 | 22797974 |
| molecular prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. in dairy calves in southern states of india. | dung samples were collected from dairy calves of south indian states viz., andhra pradesh, karnataka, kerala, tamil nadu and union territory, puducherry and are subjected to nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting 18s rrna gene for detection of cryptosporidium infection. of the 459 dung samples screened 182 were found positive with a prevalence of 39.65%. highest prevalence of cryptosporidium was observed in puducherry (86.67%) and lowest in kerala (17.65%). genotyping by pcr-restrictio ... | 2012 | 22459107 |
| molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium species in livestock in ireland. | cryptosporidium is a protozoan that can cause gastro-intestinal illness with diarrhoea in a wide range of hosts. in fact some species of cryptosporidium can infect the broad range of hosts. the current paper is focused to investigate monthly prevalence and diversity of cryptosporidium spp. during the spring and early summer (march-june) in 2009 and 2010 in farms with no history of cryptosporidiosis. animal samples were analyzed to elucidate the prevalence of cryptosporidium in two regions, west ... | 2016 | 26801590 |
| molecular analysis of cryptosporidium from cattle from five states of peninsular malaysia. | despite the importance of the cattle industry in malaysia, there are very few studies of the diversity and public health significance of bovine cryptosporidiosis in this country. in the present study, we used a pcr-based approach to detect and genetically characterize cryptosporidium dna in faecal samples from a cohort of 215 asymptomatic cattle (of different ages) from six farms from five states of peninsular malaysia. cattle on four of the six farms were test-positive for cryptosporidium, with ... | 2016 | 26775614 |
| cryptosporidium infections in suckler herd beef calves. | a study was carried out to investigate how common cryptosporidium infections are in beef calves in swedish suckler herds and to explore which species and subtypes that occur. we further aimed at identifying factors associated with shedding of cryptosporidium oocysts in this type of calf management. the study was conducted in two regions in sweden and included 30 herds. faecal samples were collected from calves younger than 3 months. a brief clinical examination was done and a questionnaire was u ... | 2015 | 25899555 |
| first molecular characterisation of cryptosporidium and giardia from bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) in victoria, australia. | we conducted a molecular epidemiological survey of cryptosporidium and giardia from bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) on two extensive farms (450 km apart) in victoria, australia. faecal samples (n=476) were collected from different age groups of water buffalo at two time points (six months apart) and tested using a pcr-based mutation scanning-targeted sequencing-phylogenetic approach, employing markers within the small subunit of ribosomal rna (designated pssu) and triose phosphate isomerase (ptp ... | 2013 | 23886616 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium isolates from pre-weaned calves in western france in relation to age. | eighteen pre-weaned female calves from a single beef cattle herd in western france were sampled weekly from birth to 21/2 months of age in order to characterize cryptosporidium oocyst output. 182 fecal samples were screened for the presence of oocysts after concentration using immunofluorescence analysis. dna was extracted from positive samples and a pcr-rflp protocol, with the restriction enzyme sspi and mboii, to amplify the partial ssu rrna gene was performed. for the subtyping of cryptospori ... | 2013 | 23735428 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium in native beef calves in central vietnam. | the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidium and to characterize the genotype distribution of cryptosporidium isolates in native beef calves 2-6 months old in dac lac province, central vietnam. the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts was determined using the modified ziehl-neelsen staining method. the overall prevalence on the sample and herd levels were 18.9% (44/232) and 50% (20/40), respectively. genotyping based on pcr and sequence analysis of the 18 s rrna ge ... | 2012 | 22828931 |
| evidence of cryptosporidium transmission between cattle and humans in northern new south wales. | cryptosporidium is an enteric parasite of public health significance that causes diarrhoeal illness through faecal oral contamination and via water. zoonotic transmission is difficult to determine as most species of cryptosporidium are morphologically identical and can only be differentiated by molecular means. transmission dynamics of cryptosporidium in rural populations were investigated through the collection of 196 faecal samples from diarrheic (scouring) calves on 20 farms and 63 faecal sam ... | 2012 | 22333036 |
| cryptosporidium species and cryptosporidium parvum subtypes in dairy calves and goat kids reared under traditional farming systems in turkey. | molecular characterizations of cryptosporidium spp. in ruminants reared under traditional animal management systems are scarce and studies conducted thus far have revealed largely an absence of the pathogenic and zoonotic species cryptosporidium parvum in pre-weaned animals. in this study, we examined cryptosporidium species and subtype distribution in free-range pre-weaned dairy calves and goat kids with diarrhea. cryptosporidium-positive specimens from pre-weaned calves on 10 farms and goat ki ... | 2016 | 27373430 |
| first molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. infecting buffalo calves in brazil. | with the aim of determining the occurrence of cryptosporidium spp., 222 fecal samples were collected from murrah buffalo calves aged up to 6 mo. fecal dna was genotyped with a nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the 18s rrna gene and sequencing of the amplified fragment. nested 18s pcr was positive for 48.2% of the samples. sequence analysis showed that the most frequent species in these animals was cryptosporidium ryanae, which was present in buffalo calves as young as 5 d. the zoonotic ... | 2015 | 25941018 |
| molecular detection of cryptosporidium spp. infections in water buffaloes from northeast thailand. | the objectives of this study were to determine the individual and herd-level prevalence and genotype of cryptosporidium and to identify putative risk factors associated with cryptosporidium spp. infections in water buffaloes in northeast thailand. fecal samples from 600 water buffaloes of 287 farms in six provinces were collected and tested using dmso-modified acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction. the overall prevalence of cryptosporidium infections in buffaloes was 5.7 and 8.7% amon ... | 2014 | 24233462 |
| identity and public health potential of cryptosporidium spp. in water buffalo calves in egypt. | little is known about the diversity and public health significance of cryptosporidium species in water buffaloes. in this study, we examined the distribution of cryptosporidium spp. in water buffalo calves in egypt. rectal fecal specimens from 179 calves and 359 adults were screened microscopically for cryptosporidium oocysts using modified ziehl-neelsen stain. cryptosporidium spp. in 17 microscopy-positive specimens from calves were genotyped by dna sequence analysis of the small-subunit rrna g ... | 2013 | 22963712 |