| [immunodiffusion analysis of plasma proteins in the canine family]. | immunodiffusion studies have been made on the plasma of 9 species (vulpes vulpes, v. corsak, alopex lagopus, canis aureus, c. lupus, c. familiaris, c. dingo, nyctereutes procynoides, fennecus zerde) from the family of canidae using milk antisera. unlike rabbit antisera used earlier, milk antisera make it possible to detect more significant antigenic divergency with respect to 5 alpha- and beta-globulins. these globulins seem to have a higher evolution rate of antigenic mosaics as compared to oth ... | 1976 | 62473 |
| [epidemiology of rabies (author's transl)]. | rabies is widespread in all continents except australia. as an anthropozoonosis its main importance is in areas with uncontrolled dog rabies, nowadays principally topical and subtropical regions. the greatest economic losses however are encountered in the cattle herds of south and central america, where paralyssa prevails. in the northern hemisphere particularly rabies is enzootic among wildlife. under the given ecological conditions only one or two species act as primary vectors of the infectio ... | 1978 | 306053 |
| the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for the detection of nosema cuniculi antibodies in the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | | 1977 | 327774 |
| some intestinal parasites of arctic fox, banks island, n. w. t. | small intestinal parasitology of 50 trapped arctic fox taken on banks island, the northwest territories, showed a prevalence of taenia crassiceps (78%), toxascaris leonina (60%), echinococcus multilocularis (2%) and coccidia (2%). attention is drawn to the absence of toxocara sp. and of uncinaria sp. | 1979 | 497890 |
| canine encephalitozoonosis in south africa. | clinical, clinicopathological macroscopical and histopathological findings, as well as electron microscopic and cultural confirmation, in twelve natural cases of canine encephalitozoonosis are described, eleven of these under one year of age. nervous symptoms, including blindness, retarded growth rate and nephritis are prominent clinical signs. the macroscopic findings and histopathology proved of great help in the diagnosis of the disease even in chronic cases. the organism was cultured and som ... | 1979 | 551193 |
| survey for toxoplasmosis in wild and domestic animals from norway and sweden. | fifty-nine of 1250 (4.7%) wild and domestic animals from norway and sweden had positive dye-test titers (greater than or equal to 1:8) for antibody against toxoplasma gondii. a dye-test titer of 1:8 (30-40 i.u.) or higher was detected in 3 of 732 small rodents (0.4%), 21 of 87 domestic cats (24%), 9 of 29 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) (31%), 2 of 2 domesticated arctic foxes (alopex lagopus), 12 of 99 red deer (cervus elaphus) (12%), 5 of 8 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) (63%) and in 7 of 34 wild rab ... | 1978 | 650778 |
| [pseudomonas aeruginosa. ii. occurrence in blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in a danish fur farm]. | ps. aeruginosa were demonstrated fairly often in samples from the rectum (9,1%) and external genitalia (3,7%) of clinically healthy blue foxes. these animals are considered carriers and thus constitute a risk of infecting other animals, especially those already debilitated. the same organism was isolated as pure cultures from the intrauterine contents in a case of pyometra with septicaemia and fatal outcome and in two cases of puerperal endometritis. in these 3 cases there may have been a questi ... | 1976 | 818618 |
| [pseudomonas aeruginosa iii. identification of strains isolated from blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in a danish fur farm (author's transl)]. | the technique of determining bacterial strains as ps. aeruginosa is described. it was attempted to base this technique upon well-defined commercial preparations, so as to afford a possibility for comparative studies. 261 strains presumed to be ps. aeruginosa were isolated from sick and healthy blue foxes and their watering troughs. 244 of the strains could be subjected to detailed bacteriological study (table i a, b, c, fig. 1) in addition to the demonstration of pigment (pyocyanin and fluoresci ... | 1976 | 819903 |
| sarcoptic mange in swedish wildlife. | mange caused by sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes appeared among red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in scandinavia (south-west finland) for the first time in this century in 1967. the disease was most probably introduced by foxes crossing the gulf of finland from estonia. the mange epizootic spread northwards through finland and reached sweden in late 1975, when mangy foxes appeared in the northern part of the country. in 1984, mange was observed in most parts of sweden. the disease was observed to spread ra ... | 1992 | 1305857 |
| the occurrence of rabies in the svalbard islands of norway. | after the first recorded outbreak of rabies in the svalbard islands (norway) in 1980, brain tissue from 817 trapped arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) was tested for rabies by a direct fluorescent antibody test. during the same period (1980 to 1990), 29 arctic foxes, 23 polar bears (ursus maritimus), 19 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and five ringed seals (phoca hispida) were also tested using the same technique. these animals had either been found dead, killed because of abnormal behavior or were appa ... | 1992 | 1548803 |
| oral rabies vaccination of arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) with an attenuated vaccine. | arctic foxes were immunized with the sag1 oral rabies vaccine. the effectiveness was determined by the serological response and by the survival to a challenge dose of rabies virus from an alaskan fox. vaccine virus was isolated from saliva 1 h after the liquid vaccine was placed directly into the mouth but not subsequently (tested up to 1 week postvaccination). two weeks after vaccination, protective antibody levels were present in all foxes and all vaccinated foxes survived challenge at 9 weeks ... | 1992 | 1574916 |
| serological (em2-elisa) and parasitological examinations of fox populations for echinococcus multilocularis infections. | serum or body fluid samples of 1,006 foxes were investigated in an elisa for antibodies against a highly sensitive and specific antigen (em2-antigen) of echinococcus multilocularis. parasitological examinations of the intestines and simultaneous serological examinations were carried out in 505 foxes: a group of 98 blue foxes (alopex lagopus) from norwegian fox farms did not contain intestinal stages of e. multilocularis and was clearly sero-negative in em2-elisa. on the other hand in red foxes ( ... | 1991 | 1858455 |
| prevalence and geographical distribution of the ear canker mite (otodectes cynotis) among arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) in iceland. | three hundred forty five adult arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) from all counties in iceland were examined for excess cerumen and ear canker mites (otodectes cynotis). only 13 foxes (4%) from a single county in northwestern iceland were infested, where the prevalence of otodectiasis was 38%. whether or not this parasite is new to the arctic fox in iceland is unknown. if it is recently introduced, possible sources of infestation are farmed silver foxes (vulpes vulpes), domestic dogs, domestic or fer ... | 1991 | 2023307 |
| morphology and immunoperoxidase studies of intestinal adenomatosis in the blue fox, alopex lagopus. | in a blue fox farm about 300 of 400 weanling pups were affected with diarrhoea and prolapse of the rectum. about 40 pups died in an emaciated state after a few days of disease. eight pups were submitted for examination. pathological findings were restricted to the caecum, proximal colon and rectum, with occasional extension to the ileum. affected areas revealed a thick and rigid intestinal wall, a narrow lumen and a thickened, wrinkled and sometimes ulcerated mucosa. histologically, the mucosa s ... | 1990 | 2195067 |
| [parasite-host relations in toxascariasis in arctic foxes]. | the effect of host infection doze (10, 100, 1000 eggs) and developmental stages of helminths (larvae, adult nematodes) on the relationships in the system "toxascaris leonina-alopex lagopus" was studied experimentally. it has been established that 100 eggs are the threshold dose for helminths and 1000 eggs for the host. more distinct changes in the indices are characteristic of the parasite. dynamics of host-parasite relationships in the development of the parasitic process correspond to helminth ... | 1990 | 2216533 |
| neuropathology and host-parasite relationship of acute experimental toxoplasmosis of the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | the neuropathology and host-parasite relationship of experimental infection with the rh-strain of toxoplasma gondii were studied in 27 blue foxes (alopex lagopus) aged 0 to 23 days, using light microscopy, including immunohistochemical staining, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. all cases displayed multifocal necrotic lesions with numerous parasitic tachyzoites in the brain and spinal cord. the gray matter and the meninges were most seriously affected. although a wide variety of ... | 1990 | 2278126 |
| electron microscopy of intestinal adenomatosis in the blue fox, alopex lagopus. | scanning electron microscopy of adenomatous intestinal tissue in the blue fox revealed an irregular surface topography of the colon with increased diameter of the crypt openings and prominent ridge formations between crypts. the ileum showed villous atrophy and fusion. microvilli were short and irregular. small ulcerations of intestinal mucosa were seen. freeze-fracture revealed curved intracellular organisms in the altered epithelial cells. transmission electron microscopy showed features assoc ... | 1990 | 2365844 |
| periovulatory endocrinology and oocyte maturation in unmated mature blue fox vixens (alopex lagopus). | nine of 10 mature blue fox vixens (alopex lagopus) in spontaneous oestrus ovulated approximately 2 days after the preovulatory increase in luteinizing hormone (lh). plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and progesterone increased simultaneously with the lh peak, whereas oestradiol-17 beta peaked 1 day previously. in the tenth vixen, an lh peak was not observed, and neither visible follicles nor corpora lutea were found in the ovaries 6 days after peak vaginal electrical resistanc ... | 1989 | 2516990 |
| the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. v. the status of subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. | twenty-five years ago williams and sweatman suggested that in great britain there are two subspecies of echinococcus granulosus--e. granulosus granulosus and e. granulosus equinus. echinococcus granulosus granulosus does not mature either in foxes or in horses: e. granulosus equinus will mature in either. the prepatent period of e. granulosus granulosus in the definitive host is about 42 days while that of e. granulosus equinus is about 70 days. each subspecies has a characteristic morphology. m ... | 1989 | 2596902 |
| pathogenesis of blue fox parvovirus on blue fox kits and pregnant vixens. | to study the pathogenicity of a newly isolated parvovirus of blue fox (alopex lagopus), pregnant vixens and 43 kits of different ages were experimentally infected with the agent. the kits had no clinical signs of disease, even though most of them excreted virus in their feces, and they responded immunologically to viral exposure. infection during pregnancy appeared to affect the fetuses. a group of 15 blue fox vixens inoculated with the virus produced a statistically smaller number of kits (78) ... | 1988 | 2854711 |
| response to cold in the blue fox and raccoon dog as evaluated by metabolism, heart rate and muscular shivering: a re-evaluation. | oxygen consumption (ml kg-0.75/min) in relation to ambient air temperature at or below the lower critical temperature (tlc) of the winter-furred raccoon dog (+10 degrees c) and the blue fox (-6 degrees c) is described by the equations y = 14.8-0.28x and y = 7.5-0.20x, respectively. muscular shivering activity (integrated emg) of both species increased below thermoneutrality parallel with increasing oxygen uptake and heart rate. seasonal changes in measured metabolic parameters were evident for b ... | 1985 | 2867857 |
| heat loss of farmed raccoon dogs and blue foxes as evaluated by infrared thermography and body cooling. | infrared thermographs showed that heat loss of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides gray 1834) is greatest from the chest, the head, the abdomen and the feet. the blue fox (alopex lagopus) seems to be somewhat better insulated. mass-0.75 specific heat transfer coefficients (w/kg 0.75 per degrees c) in both species were similar. the wooden nest was able to decrease it significantly. the results support the conclusion that heat loss, and thus the energy costs, of studied species could be redu ... | 1986 | 2873936 |
| regulation of energy economy in raccoon dogs and blue foxes: a process of dynamic interactions. | 1. seasonal regulation of energy economy was studied in farm-raised blue foxes (alopex lagopus) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides; gray, 1834). 2. both species exhibited marked seasonal changes in body weight, body energy content, food intake and locomotor activity. seasonal changes in food efficiency were also evident. 3. the results emphasize the important role of both energy intake and energy expenditure in the regulation process. 4. it can be concluded that regulation of seasonal en ... | 1988 | 2904341 |
| immunization of arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) with oral rabies vaccine. | arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) were successfully immunized against rabies using an orally-administered, liquid sad-bhk21 live virus vaccine in a sausage bait. immunization was determined by serologic response and by resistance to challenge with an arctic rabies virus strain. virus was not shed in saliva following oral vaccination, indicating that arctic foxes would not infect other foxes after ingesting this vaccine. high antibody levels were present in all experimental foxes 2 wk following initi ... | 1988 | 3045347 |
| [encephalitozoonosis in farm-bred arctic blue foxes (alopex lagopus)]. | occurrence of encephalitozoonosis in farm breeding of blue fox is described. fifty youngs of eight breeding females were infected, mortality was 88%. the main clinical symptoms of the disease were somnolence, ataxia, vision disorders, clonic spasms, at a protracted course also retarded growth. typical nonpurulent microgranulomata with occurrence of individual spores and cysts of encephalitozoon cuniculi were demonstrated in liver and central nervous system. further, diffusion interstitial nephri ... | 1986 | 3083563 |
| effect of melatonin implantation on the seasonal variation of fsh secretion in the male blue fox (alopex lagopus). | a heterologous radioimmunoassay system developed for the sheep was shown to measure fsh in the plasma of the blue fox. fsh concentrations throughout the year showed a circannual rhythm with the highest values (61.6 +/- 14.8 ng/ml) occurring shortly before or at the onset of the mating season, a pattern similar to that of lh. the concentration of fsh then declined when androgen concentrations and testicular development were maximal at the time of the mating season (march to may). thereafter, conc ... | 1988 | 3135390 |
| sylvatic trichinosis in canada. | pepsin digestion of musculature from 2253 animals revealed that sylvatic trichinosis occurred in various species of mammals from the eastern to the western arctic and extended down into the rocky mountain and foothills regions of western canada. infections were demonstrated in arctic fox, red fox, wolf, raccoon, coyote, lynx, bobcat and dog. | 1988 | 3196978 |
| genetic polymorphism of plasma alpha 1 b-glycoprotein and transferrin in arctic and silver foxes. | plasma samples of 235 foxes from 38 complete families (14 of arctic foxes, 21 of silver foxes and 3 with arctic x silver fox hybrid offspring) were analysed by one-dimensional horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) ph 9.0 followed by general-protein staining of gels. a major postalbumin of fox plasma was identified as alpha 1b-glycoprotein (alpha 1b) by using immunoblotting with antiser m specific to human or pig plasma alpha 1b. four codominant, autosomal alleles of alpha 1b were ... | 1988 | 3207218 |
| an outbreak of septic endometritis in the arctic blue fox (alopex lagopus) caused by clostridium carnis. | | 1988 | 3223467 |
| isolation and amino acid sequence of insulins and c-peptides of european bison (bison bonasus) and fox (alopex lagopus). | insulins and c-peptides were extracted and purified from bison and fox pancreatic glands. the insulins were reduced and pyridylethylated, and the derived a- and b-chains separated by hplc. amino acid sequence determinations of the pyridylethylated a- and b-chains proved bisontine insulin to be identical to bovine insulin and fox insulin to be identical to dog and porcine insulin. bisontine c-peptide proved to be identical to bovine c-peptide. the isolated fox c-peptide comprises 23 amino acid re ... | 1987 | 3319921 |
| trichinella spiralis infections of inbred mice: immunologically specific responses induced by different trichinella isolates. | the immune response of inbred mice was studied following infection with trichinella spiralis var. pseudospiralis (tp) or with isolates of t. spiralis derived from a pig or from an arctic fox. animals given a primary infection with 1 isolate of trichinella and challenged 21 days later with the same or different isolates responded more quickly by expelling worms from the homologous challenge. in addition, although mesenteric lymph node cells from mice infected with each isolate of trichinella woul ... | 1988 | 3357119 |
| trichinella spiralis infections of inbred mice: genetics of the host response following infection with different trichinella isolates. | the immune response of inbred strains of mice was studied following infection with isolates of trichinella from a pig (p1), an arctic fox (af1), and t. spiralis var. pseudospiralis (tp). strains of mice previously characterized as highly resistant to a separate pig isolate of t. spiralis responded to the p1 and af1 isolates by expelling over 80% of the worms by day 10 postinfection (pi), and by suppressing the in vitro release of newborn larvae by female worms. however, the response induced by a ... | 1988 | 3397827 |
| suppurative spinal meningitis caused by an actinomyces sp in an arctic fox. | | 1986 | 3505981 |
| chromosomal evolution of the canidae. ii. divergence from the primitive carnivore karyotype. | the giemsa-banding patterns of chromosomes from the arctic fox (alopex lagopus), the red fox (vulpes vulpes), the kit fox (vulpes macrotis), and the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) are compared. despite their traditional placement in different genera, the arctic fox and the kit fox have an identical chromosome morphology and g-banding pattern. the red fox has extensive chromosome arm homoeology with these two species, but has only two entire chromosomes in common. all three species share ... | 1987 | 3568762 |
| fox colors in relation to colors in mice and sheep. | color inheritance in foxes is explained in terms of homology between color loci in foxes, mice, and sheep. the hypothesis presented suggests that the loci a (agouti), b (black/chocolate brown pigment) and e (extension of eumelanin vs. phaeomelanin) all occur in foxes, both the red fox, vulpes vulpes, and the arctic fox, alopex lagopus. two alleles are postulated at each locus in each species. at the a locus, the (top) dominant allele in the red fox, ar, produces red color and the corresponding a ... | 1987 | 3624844 |
| [features of the architectonics of the bronchial tree of the polar fox as a manifestation of adaptation of the lungs to northern conditions]. | peculiarities of the bronchial tree architectonics as a whole and in the pulmonary lobes have been studied in the animal of the arctic zone--the arctic fox in comparison with the dog. certain species-specific differences in the form and branching of the bronchial tree have been stated. in the arctic fox the subsegmentary bronchi are more developed, they are longer, with greater number of branchings and, thus, more interlobular bronchioles run off from them. besides, up to 10% of interlobular add ... | 1986 | 3718251 |
| heterochromatin composition and nucleolus organizer activity in four canid species. | sequential staining with a counterstain-contrasted fluorescent banding technique (chromomycin a3-distamycin a-dapi) revealed the occurrence of distamycin a-4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (da-dapi) staining heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of chromosomes 33, 36, 37, and 38 in the wolf (canis lupus pallipes) and of chromosomes 13, 16, and 23 in the blue fox (alopex lagopus). the red fox (vulpes vulpes) lacked such regions. staining with dapi--actinomycin d produced a qfh-type banding patte ... | 1986 | 3801970 |
| seasonal variations of plasma prolactin and lh concentrations in the female blue fox (alopex lagopus). | a heterologous radioimmunoassay system developed for the rabbit and suitable for a wide range of mammalian species has been shown to measure prolactin in the plasma of the blue fox. evaluation of prolactin levels throughout the year showed the concentrations displayed a circannual rhythm with the highest values occurring in may and june. prolactin concentrations remained low (approximately 2.5 ng/ml plasma) from july until april with no consistent changes found around oestrus (march-april). in 8 ... | 1985 | 4045815 |
| on pseudorabies in carnivores in denmark. ii. the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | | 1971 | 5106998 |
| cases of pseudorabies in free-living red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and in captive blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in denmark. | | 1969 | 5389703 |
| [hip joint studies in dingos (canis dingo), arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) and foxes (vulpes vulpes)]. | | 1969 | 5396966 |
| thermoregulation of polecat and raccoon dog: a comparative study with stoat, mink and blue fox. | 1. oxygen consumption (ml x kg0.75 per min) in relation to ambient temperature (ta) in the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), polecat (mustela putorius), mink (mustela vison) and stoat (mustela erminea) is described by equations y = 14.2 - 0.23x, y = 26.3 - 0.47x, y = 26.9 - 0.33x and y = 39.0 - 1.06x, respectively. resting metabolic rate (rmr) of blue fox (alopex lagopus) could be measured only at thermoneutrality. 2. in polecats, calorigenic response to noradrenaline was about 40% above t ... | 1983 | 6131765 |
| serologic evidence of arbovirus infections in humans and wild animals in alaska. | blood samples were collected from humans and several species of free-ranging wild animals in alaska. sera were tested for antibody to jamestown canyon (jc), snowshoe hare (ssh), northway (nor), klamath (kla), sakhalin (sak), great island (gi), and silverwater (sil) virus. jc antibody was found in 54% of 121 human, 89% of 97 bison (bison bison), 51% of 84 dall sheep (ovis dalli), 43% of 68 snowshoe hare (lepus americanus), and 3% of 33 arctic fox (alopex lagopus) sera. ssh antibody was found in 4 ... | 1983 | 6644915 |
| infectivity of isolates of trichinella and the ability of an arctic isolate to survive freezing temperatures in the raccoon, procyon lotor, under experimental conditions. | the objectives of this study were to determine if the raccoon was a useful experimental animal for infections of trichinella and to determine if the ability of trichinella to survive freezing conditions, known to occur in wild animals, could be duplicated under laboratory conditions. the isolates of trichinella used in this study were from pigs, polar bear, wolverine, arctic fox and t. spiralis var. pseudospiralis originally isolated from a raccoon in the ussr. the raccoon was found to be a usef ... | 1983 | 6644931 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa. iv. iv. pyocine typing of strains isolated from the blue fox (alopex lagopus), mink (mustela vison), and dog (canis familiaris) and from their environment. | investigation of a total of 354 ps. aeruginosa strains by "active" pyocine typing, using govan & gillies' indicator strains (21, 24) by which it may be possible to demonstrate the sources and routes of pseudomonas infection revealed that: (1) of the isolated pyocine-producing types 85.5% could be fitted into govan & gillies' classification, (2) 11.1% of all strains tested did not produce pyocine, (3) p3 was the only pyocine type isolated from an enzootic of fatal, haemorrhagic pneumonia in exper ... | 1980 | 6770343 |
| encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox--morphological identification of the parasite. | microsporidian organisms causing great losses among young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) were isolated and propagated in monolayer cell cultures and examined by transmission- and scanning electron microscopy. the parasite was found to fulfil the criteria set up for the genus encephalitozoon and the ultrastructural findings indicated that the parasite was morphologically identical to encephalitozoon cuniculi previously isolated from some other mammalian species. terminal vesicles on the extruded pol ... | 1981 | 6789608 |
| designation and freezing resistance of isolates of trichinella spiralis from wild carnivores. | a system to designate and define isolates of trichinella spiralis is proposed. the designation gives the host from which the isolate was recovered, geographic origin, and year of recovery. isolates of t. spiralis recovered from frozen muscles from four species of wild carnivores had low and different infectivity to laboratory mice. viable larvae of t. spiralis were obtained from muscle samples of marten, wolverine, polar bear and arctic fox which had been frozen for 5, 6, 12 and 14 mo, respectiv ... | 1982 | 7097881 |
| [comparative electron microscopic study of interalveolar septa in arctic foxes and dogs]. | structure of the interalveolar septa in the lungs of typical representatives of the arctic zone--arctic foxes--has been studied electron microscopically in comparison with those of dogs from the middle zone of west siberia. structure and parameters of the dog pulmonary septa correspond to modern notion on ultrastructure of the respiratory system in animals of middle latitudes. in the arctic fox a certain combination of morpho-functional peculiarities is observed contributing to an increased diff ... | 1981 | 7316800 |
| rabies in svalbard: infection diagnosed in arctic fox, reindeer and seal. | | 1981 | 7340100 |
| prevalence of rabies virus in foxes trapped in the canadian arctic. | brains and salivary glands of 521 trapped arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) submitted from four different settlement areas in the northwest territories were examined for rabies by the standard fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation tests. rabies antigen was present in 44 of 201 (21.9%) brains from foxes trapped in the sachs harbour area, but submissions from cambridge bay (127), spence bay (93) and gjoa haven (100) were negative. virus was also present in salivary glands from 43 (97.7%) of these ... | 1980 | 7459793 |
| characterization of the feline host range and a specific epitope of feline panleukopenia virus. | the feline parvovirus subgroup is comprised of viruses isolated from various carnivores, including the dog, cat, mink, raccoon, arctic fox, and raccoon dog. those viruses are > 98% identical in their dna sequences and are very similar antigenically. we have shown that although canine parvovirus (cpv) replicates in numerous feline cell lines in vitro it does not infect cats after parenteral inoculation (u. truyen and c. r. parrish, (1992) j. virol. 66, 5399-5408). here we use recombination mappin ... | 1994 | 7513918 |
| [distribution of canidae bsp-repeat transcripts in arctic fox kidney: structural similarity of bsp-repeats with si nes]. | | 1995 | 7580975 |
| quantification of residual virulence of the vnukovo-32/107 rabies virus vaccination strain. | the present work summarizes the results of 11 groups of experiments carried out with the aim to complexly quantify the residual virulence of a cold mutant of the vnukovo-32/107 rabies virus vaccination strain intended for the preparation of an oral rabies vaccine (kamark) for the immunization of free-living carnivores. according to who prescriptions, residual virulence was quantified in experiments on carnivores, mainly red foxes (vulpes vulpes)--the presumed target species, and farm-bred polar ... | 1995 | 7740717 |
| immunogenic and antigenic activity of an experimental oral rabies vaccine prepared from the strain vnukovo-32/107. | the immunogenic and antigenic activity of an experimental live oral rabies vaccine prepared from the strain vnukovo-32/107 was evaluated on the basis of results obtained in 3 sets of experiments. these were carried out as model experiments on white mice, then on target animals--red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and a related species--farm-bred polar foxes (alopex lagopus). for quantitative determination of the immunogenic activity of the orally or subcutaneously administered rabies vaccines in model exp ... | 1995 | 7762124 |
| a study on the predilection sites of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in experimentally infected foxes (alopex lagopus, vulpes vulpes). | studies were carried out on the predilection sites of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in experimentally infected arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) and silver foxes (vulpes vulpes) reared in cages. the highest number of larvae per gram tissue was found in the muscles of the legs, eyes, diaphragm, and tongue. the 2 fox species showed no significant differences with regard to predilection sites. | 1994 | 7942377 |
| survey of fox trappers in northern alaska for rabies antibody. | the purpose of this research was to determine whether trappers in northern alaska acquired immunity to rabies virus from non-bite exposures while trapping and skinning arctic foxes (alopex lagopus). in coastal alaska recurring epizootics presumably provide trappers ample opportunity for contact with rabid animals. serum neutralization analyses of blood samples collected from 26 individuals were conducted. all but three had negative rabies neutralizing antibody levels (< 0.05 i.u./ml). two of the ... | 1994 | 8062870 |
| two dominant neutralizing antigenic determinants of canine parvovirus are found on the threefold spike of the virus capsid. | the 25-nm diameter parvovirus capsid is assembled from 60 copies of a sequence common to the overlapping vp1 and vp2 proteins. here we examine the epitope specificity's of 28 monoclonal antibodies (mab) prepared against canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), and raccoon-dog parvovirus or blue (arctic) fox parvovirus. comparing the reactivity of those mab with various mab-selected escape mutants, or with natural variants of cpv or mink enteritis virus (mev) which differ at kno ... | 1994 | 8259653 |
| parasites of the arctic fox (alopex lagopus) in iceland. | forty-four of 50 arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) in iceland harbored 15 species of intestinal parasites, including protozoa: eimeria sp. or isospora sp. (in 4%); trematoda: cryptocotyle lingua (24%), plagiorchis elegans (4%), brachylaemus sp. (12%), tristriata sp. (10%), and spelotrema sp. (8%); cestoda: mesocestoides canislagopodis (72%), schistocephalus solidus (2%), and diphyllobothrium dendriticum (4%); nematoda: toxascaris leonina (50%), toxocara canis (2%), uncinaria stenocephala (4%), and e ... | 1993 | 8355346 |
| photopigments of dogs and foxes and their implications for canid vision. | electroretinogram (erg) flicker photometry was used to examine the photopigment complements of representatives of four genera of canid: domestic dog (canis familiaris), island gray fox (urocyon littoralis), red fox (vulpes vulpes), and arctic fox (alopex lagopus). these four genera share a common cone pigment complement; each has one cone pigment with peak sensitivity of about 555 nm and a second cone pigment with peak at 430-435 nm. these pigment measurements accord well with the conclusions of ... | 1993 | 8424924 |
| prevalence of encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies in terrestrial mammals in iceland, 1986 to 1989. | antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi were found in wild arctic foxes (alopex lagopus), feral mink (mustela vison), wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) and house mice (mus musculus) in iceland. animals with antibodies were found throughout the country. no lesions attributable to encephalitozoonosis were found in adult animals necropsied. however, one arctic fox cub with a neurological disorder had pathological and serological evidence of encephalitozoonosis. | 1993 | 8487387 |
| trichinella infections in arctic foxes from greenland: studies and reflections on predilection sites of muscle larvae. | studies were carried out to determine the predilection sites of trichinella nativa muscle larvae in arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) caught in greenland. the highest number of larvae per gram of tissue was found in the muscles of the eyes and the legs. with regard to predilection sites no significant differences were demonstrated either between age groups or between foxes with high and low total parasite burdens. predilection sites were comparable with those recorded earlier in experimentally infec ... | 1995 | 8583127 |
| gastrointestinal helminths of arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) from different bioclimatological regions in greenland. | nine species of gastrointestinal helminths were recovered from 254 arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) from 8 different localities in greenland. prevalences of infection with the helminth species differed from area to area: toxascaris leonina (39-68%), strongyloides stercoralis (0-14%), mesocestoides lineatus (0-58%), diphyllobothrium dendriticum (0-15%), taenia ovis krabbei (0-70%), cryptocotyle sp. (0-3%), plagiorchis elegans (0-6%), and polymorphus sp. (0-3%). additionally, a taenia species, which ... | 1996 | 8627489 |
| structural determinants of maximal o2 transport in muscles of exercising foxes. | the arctic blue fox (alopex lagopus) has a specific maximal oxygen consumption (vo2 max/mb = 3.6 ml o2.s-1.kg-1) that is approximately 1.6-fold greater than those of dogs and horses. the fox has one of the highest body mass specific skeletal muscle mitochondrial volumes (v(mt,m)/mb = 44 cm3.kg-1) among mammalian athletic species matching its higher vo2 max/mb. the structural components related to capillaries, such as specific capillary length density (j(c)/mb = 348 km.kg-1) and specific capillar ... | 1996 | 8738900 |
| experimental aujeszky's disease in blue foxes (alopex lagopus). | blue foxes were inoculated orally with aujeszky's disease virus. several foxes were killed at the onset of clinical signs and other animals spontaneously died. the incubation period ranged from 3 to 6 days and was followed by a short illness characterized by anorexia, depression and coma. at autopsy, no specific gross findings were observed. microscopically, lesions included a non-suppurative meningoencephalitis with neuronal necrosis, gliosis, neuronophagia and mononuclear cell cuffing. viral a ... | 1995 | 8822189 |
| isolates of encephalitozoon cuniculi from farmed blue foxes (alopex lagopus) from norway differ from isolates from swiss domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | encephalitozoon cuniculi has a wide host range among mammals, but whether it represents a homogeneous species is a subject of controversy. we have isolated, cultivated (in human mrc-5 cells) and, for the first time, characterized by immunological and molecular biological methods four isolates of e. cuniculi from norwegian blue foxes with a history of encephalitozoonosis. the isolates were compared with nine isolates from domestic rabbits from switzerland. two e. cuniculi subtypes were identified ... | 1996 | 8897508 |
| validation of the feeding test as an index of fear in farmed blue (alopex lagopus) and silver foxes (vulpes vulpes). | the reliability and validity of the eating behaviour in the presence of man (feeding test) as an index of fear were assessed in farmed blue (alopex lagopus) and silver foxes (vulpes vulpes). repeatability of the feeding test was good in both species. no further habituation occurred after the fourth successive test in either species. in addition, the behaviour of both species was independent of the person who performed the test. the normal feeding interval, i.e., 24 h, between feed deliveries, wa ... | 1997 | 9284501 |
| [interconnection of parameters of the mitochondrial and myofibrillar apparatus of cardiomyocytes and ploidy and hypertrophy in certain mammalian species, differing in body mass]. | using cytophotometry and interferometry, ploidy levels and dry weights were determined in cardiac atrium and ventricle myocytes in various mammalian species. besides, in the same species, using electron microscopy and image analysis, myofibril volume density (mfvd) and mitochondrial volume density (mtvd), as well as the total length of internal mitochondrial membranes (imm) per cell area unit were measured. the total of 14 mammalian species were studied, with approximately 100,000-fold interspec ... | 1997 | 9505342 |
| polymerase chain reaction protocols for rabies virus discrimination. | the development of rt pcr methodology has facilitated greatly the genetic characterisation of many rabies viruses (rvs), distinct strains of which persist in certain host species reservoirs within geographically defined regions. the relative temporally conserved nature of certain regions of the rv genome, particularly the n gene, permits development of rapid molecular methods for rv typing. two main strategies have been applied to viral discrimination: (1) restriction fragment length polymorphis ... | 1998 | 9820569 |
| effects of follicle-stimulating hormone, bovine somatotrophin and okadaic acid on cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation of blue fox (alopex lagopus) oocytes in vitro. | the meiotic competence and meiosis resumption of blue fox (alopex lagopus) oocytes from anoestrous animals were followed. oocyte-cumulus complexes (occ) were cultured in modified tc 199 medium with or without fsh, recombinant bovine somatotrophin (bst) and okadaic acid (oa). the results showed that oocytes less than 100 microns in diameter did not achieve germinal vesicle breakdown (gfbd) by 72 h of culture, which indicates their meiotic incompetence. oocytes larger than 100 microns in diameter ... | 1998 | 9921640 |
| freeze tolerance, morphology, and rapd-pcr identification of trichinella nativa in naturally infected arctic foxes. | arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) were collected from greenland and svalbard (n = 319). twenty-four were infected with trichinella (7.5%). molecular analysis (random-amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction) confirmed that all animals were infected with trichinella nativa. motile larvae were found in muscle tissue from all foxes after carcasses had been frozen for 1 yr at -18 c. infective larvae were found in 2 foxes after a total of 4 yr storage at -18 c, which is longer than any previou ... | 1999 | 10207384 |
| an arctic fox rabies virus strain as the cause of human rabies in russian siberia. | a case of human rabies in the arctic zone of siberia is described. the victim was bitten by a wolf, but characterization of the isolate by monoclonal antibodies showed that it was an arctic fox virus strain. this discovery reaffirmed the value of strain typing rabies virus isolates in regions where this has not been done already: such characterization pertains to the identification of the reservoir host, to the natural history of the virus in the reservoir, and to future surveillance, post-expos ... | 1999 | 10226626 |
| effect of dietary glycine and benzoate level on benzoate metabolism in mink (mustela vision), blue fox (alopex lagopus), and raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). | three 2 x 4 factorial experiments were carried out from august to september with 30 juvenile male mink, 24 raccoon dogs, and 24 blue foxes to investigate the effect of dietary glycine supply (low or high) on the efficiency of these species to excrete hippuric acid with incremental benzoate intake (0, 1, 2, or 4 mmol/kg bw). for mink, two additional treatments with 1 or 2 mmol/kg bw of ethyl benzoate were included. a basal low-glycine diet was formulated to meet the minimum protein requirements o ... | 2000 | 10784188 |
| a comparative chromosome map of the arctic fox, red fox and dog defined by chromosome painting and high resolution g-banding. | a complete set of paint probes, with each probe specific for a single type of dog chromosome, was generated by dop-pcr amplification of flow-sorted chromosomes. these probes have been assigned to high-resolution g-banded chromosomes of the dog and arctic fox by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. on the basis of these results we propose improved nomenclature for the g-banded karyotypes of the dog and artic fox. a comparative map between the arctic fox, red fox and dog has been established based ... | 2000 | 10841053 |
| 2,3-dpg-hb complex: a hypothesis for an asymmetric binding. | this study was undertaken to test the symmetry of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-dpg) binding site in hemoglobin (hb). from arnone's study [a. arnone, nature (london) 237 (1972) 146] the 2,3-dpg binding site is located at the top of the cavity, that runs through the center of the deoxy-hb molecule. however, it is possible that this symmetry reported by arnone, for crystals of 2,3-dpg-hb complex, might not be conserved in solution. in this paper, we report the 31p nuclear magnetic resonances of the ... | 2000 | 10852312 |
| [the effect of prenatal stress on steroidogenesis in the gonads of arctic foxes (alopex lagopus)]. | handling is a source of stress for farm-bred blue foxes. the influence of handling during the late gestational period was investigated in 10-day old male and female blue foxes. testosterone and estradiol were measured by ria in the plasma, gonadal homogenates and in vitro incubates from blue foxes of both sexes. the gonads were incubated in vitro without or with human chorionic gonadotropin. in cubs of both sexes, the gonad weights and ovarian estradiol production were decreased by stress. the t ... | 2000 | 10867937 |
| health evaluation of arctic fox (alopex lagopus) cubs in sweden. | hematologic, serum biochemistry, and serum cortisol reference ranges were established and tonsil/rectal bacterial and fecal parasite examinations were performed on 21 wild arctic fox (alopex lagopus) cubs during july 1996. several of the hematologic and serum biochemistry values fell within normal ranges for other wild canids or domestic dogs of the same age class. serum alanine transaminase and creatine phosphokinase values were significantly higher in the youngest cubs. proteus vulgaris and es ... | 2000 | 10884121 |
| effects of space allowance and earthen floor on welfare-related physiological and behavioural responses in male blue foxes. | welfare-related physiological and behavioural responses were studied in farm-bred male blue foxes (alopex lagopus). three different-sized cages (80-cm long [cl80], 120-cm long [cl120], and 240-cm long [cl240]; each 105-cm wide x 70-cm high) with wire-mesh floors and one enlarged cage (cl240e) with both wire-mesh floor (240-cm long x 105-cm wide x 70-cm high) and earthen floor (80-cm long x 105-cm wide x 70-cm high) were compared. n = 30 males for each group. the experiments lasted from weaning i ... | 2000 | 10913798 |
| primary structure of fox (vulpes vulpes) proinsulin based on sequence studies of pancreatic peptides and cdna. | insulin and c-peptide were extracted and purified from fox (vulpes vulpes) pancreas using gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and hplc. chromatographic data for the insulin, as well as for its oxidized and carboxymethylated chains proved it to be identical to that of polar fox (alopex lagopus) and dog. the sequence analysis of a peptide which was assumed to be the corresponding c-peptide revealed that it comprises 23 amino acid residues and is identical to the c-peptide fragment isolated ... | 2000 | 10969870 |
| the occurrence and ecology of trichinella in marine mammals. | trichinella in marine mammals has a circumpolar arctic distribution and a narrow range of host species. it is commonly found in polar bears (ursus maritimus), and increasingly in walruses (odobenus rosmarus) where it presents a significant zoonotic hazard. this has resulted in the implementation of food safety programs in some arctic communities to test harvested walrus meat for trichinella larvae prior to consumption. trichinella has been reported infrequently in bearded seals (erignathus barba ... | 2000 | 11099845 |
| [phylogenetic relationship of street rabies virus strains and their antigenic reactivity with antibodies induced by vaccine strains. i. analysis of phylogenetic relationship of street rabies virus strains isolated in poland]. | the aims of these studies were: genetic characteristic of street rabies virus strains isolated from different animal species in poland and determination of phylogenetic relationships to reference laboratory strains of the street rabies viruses belonging to genotype 1 and 5. the variability of rabies isolates and their phylogenetic relationship were studied by comparing the nucleotide sequence of the virus genome fragment. the polish strains of genotype 1 belong to four phylogenetic groups (ne, c ... | 2000 | 11107791 |
| serum concentrations of vitamin d metabolites, vitamins a and e, and carotenoids in six canid and four ursid species at four zoos. | nutritional status for six captive canid species (n=34) and four captive ursid species (n=18) were analyzed. the species analyzed included: african wild dog (lycaon pictus), arctic fox (alopex lagopus), gray wolf (canis lupus), maned wolf (chrysocyon brachyurus), mexican wolf (canis lupus baleiyi), red wolf (canis rufus), brown bear (ursus arctos), polar bear (ursus maritimus), spectacled bear (tremarctos ornatus), and sun bear (ursus malayanus). diet information was collected for these animals ... | 2001 | 11137448 |
| effects of seasonality and fasting on the plasma leptin and thyroxin levels of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | plasma leptin and thyroxin concentrations of eleven raccoon dogs and eleven blue foxes were monitored for 6 months. half of the animals were placed on a 3-week fast in november. leptin levels were low in summer, but in october they rose significantly. in november, leptin concentrations decreased rapidly within a week although the body mass of the animals remained stable. there were no significant differences between experimental groups for raccoon dogs, but in blue foxes the fasting group had lo ... | 2001 | 11169498 |
| distemper vaccination of farmed fur animals in finland. | the most important farmed fur animal species in finland are the american mink (mustela vison), blue fox (alopex lagopus), silver fox (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides); all are susceptible to canine distemper. the only distemper vaccines currently available are for mink, although they also have been used for fox and raccoon dogs in emergency situations. the efficacy in eliciting neutralizing antibodies and the safety of three mink-distemper vaccines were studied under fie ... | 2001 | 11267694 |
| elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern ontario. | the province of ontario (canada) reported more laboratory confirmed rabid animals than any other state or province in canada or the usa from 1958-91, with the exception of 1960-62. more than 95% of those cases occurred in the southern 10% of ontario (approximately 100,000 km2), the region with the highest human population density and greatest agricultural activity. rabies posed an expensive threat to human health and significant costs to the agricultural economy. the rabies variant originated in ... | 2001 | 11272485 |
| rabies and canine distemper in an arctic fox population in alaska. | two oil field workers were attacked by a rabid arctic fox (alopex lagopus) in the prudhoe bay oil field (alaska, usa) prompting officials to reduce the local fox population. ninety-nine foxes were killed during winter 1994. we tested foxes for prevalence of rabies and canine distemper. exposure to rabies was detected in five of 99 foxes. of the five, only one fox had rabies virus in neural tissue as determined by the direct fluorescent antibody test. the other four foxes had been exposed to rabi ... | 2001 | 11272487 |
| effects of seasonality and fasting on the body mass and plasma growth hormone concentrations of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and the blue fox (alopex lagopus). | growth hormone (gh) promotes growth and endochondral ossification, but it is also important in the response to fasting due to its effects of increasing gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. in this study eleven raccoon dogs and blue foxes were followed for six months and their body mass and gh levels were measured. in november half of the animals of both species were put to a three-week fast. there were no significant differences in the gh levels between the animals of different ages and the subadults ... | 2001 | 11421462 |
| phylogenetic implications of the 38 putative ancestral chromosome segments for four canid species. | chromosome homologies between the japanese raccoon dog (nectereutes procyonoides viverrinus, 2n = 39 + 2-4 b chromosomes) and domestic dog (canis familiaris, 2n = 78) have been established by hybridizing a complete set of canine paint probes onto high-resolution g-banded chromosomes of the raccoon dog. dog chromosomes 1, 13, and 19 each correspond to two raccoon dog chromosome segments, while the remaining 35 dog autosomes each correspond to a single segment. in total, 38 dog autosome paints rev ... | 2001 | 11435696 |
| echinococcus multilocularis on svalbard: introduction of an intermediate host has enabled the local life-cycle. | the taeniid tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis is here reported for the first time at the svalbard archipelago in the norwegian arctic. this new finding is interesting because the establishment of e. multilocularis is due to a recent anthropogenic introduction of its intermediate host--the sibling vole microtus rossiaemeridionalis at svalbard. the parasite itself has probably become naturally transferred to svalbard due to migratory movements of its final host--the arctic fox alopex lagopus be ... | 2001 | 11814041 |
| safety of lyophilized sag2 oral rabies vaccine in collared lemmings. | fifteen collared lemmings (dicrostonyx groenlandicus) were exposed to a lyophilized oral rabies vaccine designed to immunize wild carnivore populations. no animals contracted rabies from the vaccine as determined by the absence of clinical signs after 37 days and lack of rabies virus in brain tissue determined by the fluorescent antibody (fa) test. these results suggest that collared lemmings would not contract rabies if they ingested this lyophilized vaccine in the wild during bait vaccination ... | 2002 | 11838220 |
| the pattern of phylogenomic evolution of the canidae. | canidae species fall into two categories with respect to their chromosome composition: those with high numbered largely acrocentric karyotypes and others with a low numbered principally metacentric karyotype. those species with low numbered metacentric karyotypes are derived from multiple independent fusions of chromosome segments found as acrocentric chromosomes in the high numbered species. extensive chromosome homology is apparent among acrocentric chromosome arms within canidae species; howe ... | 2001 | 12063402 |
| validity of species status of the parasitic mite otodectes cynotis. | a combined molecular and phenotypic approach was used to determine whether ear mites of the genus otodectes (acari: psoroptidae) belong to a single species. the second internal transcribed spacer (its 2) of the rdna of 16 isolates from 11 cats, two dogs, one arctic fox and two ferrets originating from four different continents was characterized. in addition, mites from dog, cat and arctic fox were investigated morphologically. sequence comparisons revealed five different, but closely related gen ... | 2002 | 12109706 |
| use of rapd technique in evolution studies of four species in the family canidae. | the rapd-pcr technique was applied to identify genetic markers able to distinguish between four canid species: the arctic fox (alopex lagopus), red fox (vulpes vulpes), chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) and six breeds of the domestic dog (canis familiaris). a total of 29 ten-nucleotide arbitrary primers were screened for their potential use in the differentiation of these species. ten primers amplified rapd profiles that made it possible to distinguish between the inves ... | 2002 | 12441633 |
| fox encephalitozoonosis: isolation of the agent from an outbreak in farmed blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in finland and some hitherto unreported pathologic lesions. | the farmed blue fox (alopex lagopus) is particularly susceptible to congenital infections of the microsporidian species encephalitozoon cuniculi. this report is based on an outbreak of the disease in finland with high mortality. five pups (four males and one female) with prolonged disease were examined. the pups had moderate pathological alterations in the kidneys and mild lesions were found in the brains, hearts, salivary and prostatic glands. diagnosis of e. cuniculi infection was made from se ... | 2002 | 12449250 |
| [comparison observation on the mature alveolar of echinococcus sibiricensis and echinococcus multilocularis in the experimentally infected white mice]. | the alveolar echinococcus is one of the most dangerous worm parasites in man. rausch and schiller reported a new species, echinococcus sibiricensis n. sp. from arctic fox, alpex logopus, on st. lawrence island of alaska, usa. according to the view of vogel, the sibiricensis form is only a geographical race or subspecies of europe echinococcus multilocularis. so far, the two names, echinococcus multiocularis multilocularis and echinococcus multilocularis sibiricensis, existed in many references a ... | 2001 | 12549203 |
| survey for encephalitozoon cuniculi in arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) in greenland. | wild arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) from greenland were tested for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a carbon immunoassay. of 230 tested foxes none was seropositive. this finding contrasts with observations from other arctic areas and absence of rodents in the diet of these arctic foxes is the most likely explanation for absence of e. cuniculi. | 2003 | 12685089 |
| canine-derived cosmid probes containing microsatellites can be used in physical mapping of arctic fox (alopex lagopus) and chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) genomes. | rapid development of the canine marker genome map facilitates genome mapping of other canidae species. in this study we present chromosomal localization of 18 canine-derived cosmid probes containing microsatellites in the arctic fox (alopex lagopus) and chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) genomes by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the chromosome localizations in the arctic fox are in general agreement with data obtained from comparative genome maps o ... | 2003 | 12692168 |
| humoral immune response in adult blue foxes (alopex lagopus) after oral infection with encephalitozoon cuniculi spores. | encephalitozoon cuniculi causes severe diseases in blue fox puppies. when pregnant vixens are infected, parasites are transmitted over the placenta to the unborn that subsequently develop encephalitozoonosis. adult foxes themselves do not have signs of disease, but show antibody titres to e. cuniculi. the purpose of the present study was to gain information on the immune response in adult foxes after experimental infection. sixteen foxes were infected orally with e. cuniculi spores, eight of the ... | 2003 | 12719134 |
| concentrations of selected essential and non-essential elements in arctic fox (alopex lagopus) and wolverines (gulo gulo) from the canadian arctic. | arctic fox (alopex lagopus) and wolverine (gulo gulo) tissues were collected in the canadian arctic from 1998 to 2001 and analyzed for various essential and non-essential elements. several elements (ag, al, as, b, ba, be, co, cr, mo, ni, sb, sn, sr, tl, u and v) were near or below the detection limits in >95% arctic fox and wolverine samples. concentrations of cd, cu, fe, total hg (thg), mn, pb, se and zn were quantifiable in >50% of the samples analyzed and reported herein. hepatic elemental co ... | 2003 | 12798094 |
| an indirect elisa for detection of encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in farmed blue foxes (alopex lagopus). | infection with the intracellular microsporidium encephalitozoon cuniculi can cause serious disease, encephalitozoonosis, in the blue fox (alopex lagopus). the disease diagnosis is based on clinical signs and pathological findings, and detection of e. cuniculi or circulating antibodies directed against the parasite. indirect immunofluorescence (ifat) and carbon immunoassay (cia) are the most commonly used serological methods for diagnosis in this species. in the present study, an indirect elisa ( ... | 2002 | 12831174 |
| molecular evolution of the leptin exon 3 in some species of the family canidae. | the structure of the leptin gene seems to be well conserved. the polymorphism of this gene in four species belonging to the canidae family (the dog (canis familiaris)--16 different breeds, the chinese racoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides), the red fox (vulpes vulpes) and the arctic fox (alopex lagopus)) were studied with the use of single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp), restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and dna sequencing techniques. for exon 2, all species pr ... | 2003 | 12939206 |