| widespread infestation of the exotic mealybug species, phenacoccus solenopsis (tinsley) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), on cotton in india. | a survey was conducted in 47 locations in nine cotton-growing states of india to identify the composition of mealybug species occurring on cotton. results of the taxonomic study showed that two mealybug species, the solenopsis mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis (tinsley), and the pink hibiscus mealybug, maconellicoccus hirsutus (green), were found to infest cotton plants from all nine cotton growing states of the country. however, p. solenopsis was found to be the predominant mealybug species, com ... | 2009 | 19224663 |
| predatory potential of chrysoperla carnea and cryptolaemus montrouzieri larvae on different stages of the mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis: a threat to cotton in south asia. | the outbreaks of mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (homoptera: pseudococcidae), have created problems to cotton crops in south asia in the recent years. to control this menace, predatory potential of chrysoperla carnea and cryptolaemus montrouzieri larvae were investigated under laboratory conditions (27 ± 5° c and 65 ± 5% rh). the experiments were conducted in no choice (only first, second, or third instar larvae of mealybug were offered at a time) and choice (first, second, and third in ... | 2012 | 23464378 |
| a transgenic approach to control hemipteran insects by expressing insecticidal genes under phloem-specific promoters. | the first generation transgenic crops used strong constitutive promoters for transgene expression. however, tissue-specific expression is desirable for more precise targeting of transgenes. moreover, piercing/sucking insects, which are generally resistant to insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins, have emerged as a major pests since the introduction of transgenic crops expressing these toxins. phloem-specific promoters isolated from banana bunchy top virus (bbtv) were used for the exp ... | 2016 | 27708374 |
| molecular typing of mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis populations from different hosts and locations in punjab, india. | true identity and existence of genetic variability in mealy bug from different regions holds immense significance for adopting appropriate control measures along with predicting the development of any biotypes. mealy bug, phenacoccus solenopsis adults were collected from four host plants i.e., gossypium hirsutum--cotton (c), abelmoschus esculentus--okra (o), pennisetum glaucum--napier bajra (b) and a weed--parthenium hysterophorus (p) in five cotton growing districts i.e., abohar, bathinda, mans ... | 2012 | 23029900 |
| mass rearing and augmentative biological control evaluation of rhynocoris fuscipes (hemiptera: reduviidae) against multiple pests of cotton. | rhynocoris fuscipes (fab.) (hemiptera: reduviidae) is a generalist predator of cotton pests and is commonly found inhabiting cotton-growing regions in southern india. with the goal of integrating this predator in standard management practices used against cotton pests on a commercial scale, (1) we developed a protocol for adult group rearing of this predator inside micro-environmental cages (mecs), and (2) we evaluated the biocontrol potential of mass-produced predators against cotton pests unde ... | 2017 | 28127861 |
| can toxicants used against cotton mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis be compatible with an encyrtid parasitoid aenasius bambawalei under laboratory conditions? | the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (sternorrhyncha: pseudococcidae) is a serious pest of various cultivated plants in pakistan. recent reports show that the parasitoid aenasius bambawalei hayat (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) is a good biocontrol agent of the pest. compatibleness is important in any ipm programme, and the insecticide used must have little or no effects on the biological control agent. this study investigated the compatibility of neem treatments and a commercial insect ... | 2017 | 28063085 |
| inoculation of nicotiana tabacum with recombinant potato virus x induces rna interference in the solenopsis mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | the chitin synthase 1 (chs1) gene in phenacoccus solenopsis (pschs1) was evaluated as a potential target of rna interference (rnai) by using potato virus x (pvx) as a vector (recombinant pvx) for expressing rnai triggering elements in nicotiana tabacum l. | 2015 | 26087945 |
| identification of mealybug pest species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in egypt and france, using a dna barcoding approach. | pseudococcidae (mealybugs) is a large taxonomic group, including a number of agronomic pests. taxonomic identification of mealybug species is a recurrent problem and represents a major barrier to the establishment of adequate pest management strategies. we combined molecular analysis of three dna markers (28s-d2, cytochrome oxidase i and internal transcribed spacer 2) with morphological examination, for the identification of 176 specimens collected from 40 mealybug populations infesting various ... | 2012 | 22360997 |
| evaluation of potential rna-interference-target genes to control cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis (hemiptera: pseudococcuidae). | rna interference (rnai) of vital insect genes is a potential tool for targeted pest control. however, selection of the right target genes is a challenge because the rnai efficacy is known to vary among insect species. cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis, is a phloem-feeding economically important crop pest. we evaluated the rnai of two vital genes, bursicon (psbur) and v-atpase (psv-atpase) as potential targets in p. solenopsis for its control. pcr fragments of psbur and psv-atpase were ampl ... | 2017 | 28316131 |
| chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence in tomato leaves infested with an invasive mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | herbivore injury has indirect effects on the growth and performance of host plants through photosynthetic suppression. it causes uncertain reduction in photosynthesis, which likely depends on the degree of infestation. rapid light curves provide detailed information on the saturation characteristics of electron transport as well as the overall photosynthetic performance of a plant. we examined the effects of different intensities of infestation of the invasive mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis ti ... | 2013 | 24073741 |
| detection and localization of rickettsia sp in mealybug. | mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley, is a sap-sucking hemipteran insect. it is an agricultural pest that is now widely distributed in india. in this study we report the presence of rickettsia from p. solenopsis. we constructed a 16s rrna gene library to study the bacterial diversity associated with this insect and we found that all the clones from the library were only of candidatus tremblaya phenacola. this study also highlights that the normal protocol adopted to study the bacterial diver ... | 2013 | 23905733 |
| molecular and morphological identification of mealybug species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in brazilian vineyards. | mealybugs (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) are pests constraining the international trade of brazilian table grapes. they damage grapes by transmitting viruses and toxins, causing defoliation, chlorosis, and vigor losses and favoring the development of sooty mold. difficulties in mealybug identification remain an obstacle to the adequate management of these pests. in this study, our primary aim was to identify the principal mealybug species infesting the major table grape-producing regions in brazil, ... | 2014 | 25062012 |
| niche shifts and the potential distribution of phenacoccus solenopsis (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) under climate change. | the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), is a serious invasive species that significantly damages plants of approximately 60 families around the world. it is originally from north america and has also been introduced to other continents. our goals were to create a current and future potential global distribution map for this pest under climate change with maxent software. we tested the hypothesis of niche conservatism for p. solenopsis by comparing its nat ... | 2017 | 28700721 |
| temperature warming strengthens the mutualism between ghost ants and invasive mealybugs. | although the exogenous forces that directly affect the mutualisms between ants and honeydew-producing hemipterans have been well documented, few studies have been focused on the impacts of environmental warming on ant-hemipteran interactions. here, we investigated how temperature warming affects the mutualism between ghost ant tapinoma melanocephalum and invasive mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis by experimental manipulation of temperature. we found that higher temperatures have significant direct ... | 2017 | 28424508 |
| laboratory selection of chlorpyrifos resistance in an invasive pest, phenacoccus solenopsis (homoptera: pseudococcidae): cross-resistance, stability and fitness cost. | the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis is an important polyphagous sucking pest of ornamentals, horticultural and fiber crops worldwide. some p. solenopsis populations have developed insecticide resistance. this study evaluated cross-resistance, stability of insecticide resistance and life history traits affected by chlorpyrifos resistance in p. solenopsis. after nine generations selected with chlorpyrifos, p. solenopsis exhibited a 539.76-fold resistance level compared to an unselected pop ... | 2017 | 28364807 |
| spirotetramat resistance selected in the phenacoccus solenopsis (homoptera: pseudococcidae): cross-resistance patterns, stability, and fitness costs analysis. | the phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (homoptera: pseudococcidae) is a major agricultural and horticultural pest of crops throughout the world. to develop a better resistance management strategy for p. solenopsis, we conducted a study on life history parameters of different populations of this pest, one selected with spirotetramat (spiro-sel), an unselected (unsel) population, and their reciprocal crosses. we also studied the cross-resistance and the stability of spirotetramat resistance. the spiro ... | 2017 | 28334236 |
| studies on genetics, stability and possible mechanism of deltamethrin resistance in phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (homoptera: pseudococcidae) from pakistan. | | 2017 | 27994202 |
| sex pheromone of the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis, with an unusual cyclobutane structure. | the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis, the distribution of which was formerly limited to nearctic and neotropical regions, recently invaded many countries in various regions including asia, africa, and the pacific. more recently, p. solenopsis was newly recorded in japan and is currently an emerging pest of agricultural crops. in this study, we determined the structure of a sex pheromone of p. solenopsis in order to develop an effective lure for monitoring this pest. from volatiles emitted ... | 2016 | 27771797 |
| molecular characterization of two fatty acyl-coa reductase genes from phenacoccus solenopsis (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | fatty acyl-coa reductases (fars) are key enzymes involved in fatty alcohol synthesis. here, we cloned and characterized full-length cdnas of two far genes from the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis. the results showed psfar i and psfar ii cdnas were 1,584 bp and 1,515 bp in length respectively. both psfar i and psfar ii were predicted to be located in the endoplasmic reticulum by euk-mploc 2.0 approach. both of them had a rossmann folding region and a far_c region. two conservative motifs ... | 2016 | 27271970 |
| characterization of phenacoccus solenopsis (tinsley) (homoptera: pseudococcidae) resistance to emamectin benzoate: cross-resistance patterns and fitness cost analysis. | cotton mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis (tinsley) (homoptera: pseudococcidae) is a sucking pest of worldwide importance causing huge losses by feeding upon cotton in various parts of the world. because of the importance of this pest, this research was carried out to select emamectin resistance in p. solenopsis in the laboratory to study cross-resistance, stability, realized heritability, and fitness cost of emamectin resistance. after selection from third generation (g3) to g6, p. solenopsis deve ... | 2016 | 26868652 |
| effects of temperature and host stage on the parasitization rate and offspring sex ratio of aenasius bambawalei hayat in phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley. | temperature and host stage are important factors that determine the successful development of parasitoids. aenasius bambawalei hayat (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) is a primary parasitoid of the newly invasive mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). the effects of temperature on the parasitic characteristics of a. bambawalei have seldom been investigated. in the study, we explored the effects of temperature, exposure time, and host stage on the parasitization rate and of ... | 2016 | 26788437 |
| the native ant, tapinoma melanocephalum, improves the survival of an invasive mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis, by defending it from parasitoids. | mutualistic ants can protect their partners from natural enemies in nature. aenasius bambawalei is an important parasitoid of the the invasive mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis. we hypothesized that mutualism between native ants and mealybugs would favor survival of mealybugs. to test this, we examined effects of tending by the native mutualistic ant tapinoma melanocephalum on growth of p. solenopsis colonies on chinese hibiscus, hibiscus rosa-sinensis, in a field setting. ant workers with access ... | 2015 | 26503138 |
| genetics, realized heritability and preliminary mechanism of spinosad resistance in phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (homoptera: pseudococcidae): an invasive pest from pakistan. | the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (homoptera: pseudococcidae) has gained recognition as a key pest due to its invasive nature throughout the world. the p. solenopsis has a wide range of host plants and damages the cotton crop in various parts of the world. in view of the economic importance of this pest, a study on selection, inheritance and mechanism of spinosad resistance was conducted on p. solenopsis. selection of field collected p. solenopsis for seven generations with spi ... | 2015 | 26494239 |
| mutualism between fire ants and mealybugs reduces lady beetle predation. | solenopsis invicta buren is an important invasive pest that has a negative impact on biodiversity. however, current knowledge regarding the ecological effects of its interaction with honeydew-producing hemipteran insects is inadequate. to partially address this problem, we assessed whether the interaction between the two invasive species s. invicta and phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley mediated predation of p. solenopsis by propylaea japonica thunbery lady beetles using field investigations and ind ... | 2015 | 26470296 |
| temperature- and relative humidity-dependent life history traits of phenacoccus solenopsis (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) on hibiscus rosa-sinensis (malvales: malvaceae). | phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), a worldwide distributive invasive pest, originated from the united states, and it was first reported in guangdong province, china, in 2008. the effects of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on the life history traits of p. solenopsis on hibiscus rosa-sinensis l. (malvales: malvaceae) were studied at seven constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, and 35°c) and three rhs (45, 60, and 75%). the results showed that temperature ... | 2015 | 26314069 |
| genetic record for a recent invasion of phenacoccus solenopsis (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in asia. | the cotton mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley is an emerging invasive insect pest. since its first report as a pest in the united states in 1991, it has invaded and colonized more than 23 countries over the past century. it was first recorded from pakistan in 2006 and from china in 2008. in this study, we performed field surveys from 2010 to 2012 and obtained mtcoi sequences from specimens across china and pakistan, then compared them with already available mtcoi sequences from additional a ... | 2015 | 26313998 |
| host plant probing analysis reveals quick settlement of the solenopsis mealybug during host shift. | | 2014 | 26309293 |
| inheritance, realized heritability and biochemical mechanism of acetamiprid resistance in the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (homoptera: pseudococcidae). | the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (homoptera: pseudococcidae) is a serious pest in many countries of the world because of its polyphagous nature and has caused huge losses to the cotton crop. the aim of present study was to explore the mode of inheritance and mechanism of acetamiprid resistance in p. solenopsis. after five rounds of selection with acetamiprid, p. solenopsis developed a 315-fold resistance compared with the laboratory susceptible population. the lc50 values of p ... | 2015 | 26071806 |
| density-dependent benefits in ant-hemipteran mutualism? the case of the ghost ant tapinoma melanocephalum (hymenoptera: formicidae) and the invasive mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | although density-dependent benefits to hemipterans from ant tending have been measured many times, few studies have focused on integrated effects such as interactions between ant tending, natural enemy density, and hemipteran density. in this study, we tested whether the invasive mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis is affected by tending by ghost ants (tapinoma melanocephalum), the presence of parasitoids, mealybug density, parasitoid density and interactions among these factors. our results showed ... | 2015 | 25886510 |
| genetics and preliminary mechanism of chlorpyrifos resistance in phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (homoptera: pseudococcidae). | cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley, is a serious pest of cotton and other crops and infestation by this pest results in yield losses that affect the economy of pakistan. various groups of insecticides have been used to control this pest but resistance development is a major factor that inhibits its control in the field. chlorpyrifos is a common insecticide used against many pests including p. solenopsis. the present experiment was designed to assess the genetics and mechanism of chl ... | 2015 | 25868815 |
| the mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis suppresses plant defense responses by manipulating ja-sa crosstalk. | induced plant defenses against herbivores are modulated by jasmonic acid-, salicylic acid-, and ethylene-signaling pathways. although there is evidence that some pathogens suppress plant defenses by interfering with the crosstalk between different signaling pathways, such evidence is scarce for herbivores. here, we demonstrate that the mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis suppresses the induced defenses in tomato. we found that exogenous ja, but not sa, significantly decreased mealybug feeding time a ... | 2015 | 25790868 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests) from a normalized cdna library and isolation of est simple sequence repeats from the invasive cotton mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis. | the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley, is a serious and invasive pest. at present, genetic resources for studying p. solenopsis are limited, and this negatively affects genetic research on the organism and, consequently, translational work to improve management of this pest. in the present study, expressed sequence tags (ests) were analyzed from a normalized complementary dna library of p. solenopsis. in addition, est-derived microsatellite loci (also known as simple sequence repea ... | 2015 | 25380551 |
| effect of honey solution and water acquisition on survival of starved solenopsis mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis. | the current study examined the effects of honey solution and water access on feeding behavior and survival of starving solenopsis mealybugs, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). the electrical penetration graph technique and an artificial membrane system were used to check whether p. solenopsis could imbibe free water or other liquid, such as the honey solution used here, in its natural environment. the recorded electrical penetration graph waveforms revealed that p. solen ... | 2014 | 25373148 |
| homology difference analysis of invasive mealybug species phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley in southern china with coi gene sequence variability. | the mealybug species phenacoccus solenopsis (p. solenopsis) has caused much agricultural damage since its recent invasion in china. however, the source of this invasion remains unclear. this study uses molecular methods to clarify the relationships among different population of p. solenopsis from china, usa, pakistan, india, and vietnam to determine the geographic origin of the introduction of this species into china. p. solenopsis samples were collected from 25 different locations in three prov ... | 2015 | 25351560 |
| predicting the potential geographic distribution of cotton mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis in india based on maxent ecological niche model. | mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley has recently emerged as a serious insect pest of cotton in india. this study demonstrates the use of maxent algorithm for modeling the potential geographic distribution of p. solenopsis in india with presence-only data. predictions were made based on the analysis of the relationship between 111 occurrence records for p. solenopsis and the corresponding current and future climate data defined on the study area. the climate data from worldclim database for ... | 2014 | 25204075 |
| host plant probing analysis reveals quick settlement of the solenopsis mealybug during host shift. | quantitative feeding behaviors were analyzed by electronic penetration graph technique to evaluate the resources utilization efficiency of the solenopsis mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis (tinsley) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), transferred to a novel host. both nonphloem and phloem factors were contributed to the host availability during host shift; while only "prephloem" factor was involved with their offspring's fitness to the transferred host, on which they fed as effectively as their mothers d ... | 2014 | 25195430 |
| [effects of host stage of phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley on the fitness of the offspring of aenasius bambawalei hayat]. | to understand the effects of host stage on the fitness of the offspring aenasius bambawalei hayat, the sex ratio and body size of their offsprings parasitizing phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley of different stages (3rd instar nymph and adult) were determined under the laboratory conditions of (27 +/- 1) degree c, rh (70 +/- 5)% and 14l:10d. sex ratio, body length and hind tibia length of the offsprings of a. bambawalei parasitizing the p. solenopsis adult females were significantly higher compared ... | 2014 | 25011312 |
| phenotypic variation and identification of phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in china. | phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) is an invasive mealybug that seriously damages cotton and other important crops. in previous studies in china, the presence of two submedian longitudinal lines of pigmented spots on the dorsum of adult females frequently has been used to identify this species. however, the present study records the occasional absence of pigmented spots in a sample from guangxi province, china. specimens without pigmented spots showed all the molecular an ... | 2014 | 24870996 |
| reproduction of the solenopsis mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis: males play an important role. | the solenopsis mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), is an aggressive pest threatening crops worldwide. the biology of p. solenopsis has been described in several studies, but detailed information on the reproduction of p. solenopsis has not been investigated. the results of our study showed: 1) no progeny could be produced by virgins; 2) apoptosis of follicle cells, which occurs when the eggs begin to develop, did not happen in virgins; and 3) oosorption occurred ... | 2013 | 24766493 |
| cross-resistance, the stability of acetamiprid resistance and its effect on the biological parameters of cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis (homoptera: pseudococcidae), in pakistan. | acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that is effective against both soil and plant insects, including insects of the orders lepidoptera, coleoptera, homoptera and thysanoptera. in order to estimate the effects associated with insecticide exposure and devise better pest management tactics, a field population of phenacoccus solenopsis was exposed to acetamiprid in the laboratory. subsequently, cross-resistance and the effects of acetamiprid on the biological parameters of p. solenopsis were ... | 2015 | 24668906 |
| weed hosts of cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | the exotic cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) invaded india during 2006, and caused widespread infestation across all nine cotton growing states. p. solenopsis also infested weeds that aided its faster spread and increased severity across cotton fields. two year survey carried out to document host plants of p. solenopsis between 2008 and 2010 revealed 27, 83, 59 and 108 weeds belonging to 8, 18, 10 and 32 families serving as alternate hosts at north, cent ... | 2013 | 24620572 |
| bioclimatic thresholds, thermal constants and survival of mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in response to constant temperatures on hibiscus. | temperature-driven development and survival rates of the mealybug, phenacoccussolenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) were examined at nine constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 32, 35 and 40°c) on hibiscus (hibiscusrosa -sinensis l.). crawlers successfully completed development to adult stage between 15 and 35°c, although their survival was affected at low temperatures. two linear and four nonlinear models were fitted to describe developmental rates of p. solenopsis as a function of ... | 2013 | 24086597 |
| solenopsis invicta (hymenoptera: formicidae), defend phenacoccus solenopsis (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) against its natural enemies. | mutualism is a common and important ecological phenomenon characterized by beneficial interaction between two species. red imported fire ants, solenopsis invicta buren, tend honeydew-producing hemipteran insects and reduce the activity of these insects' enemies. ant-hemipteran interactions frequently exert positive effects on the densities of hemipterans. we tested the hypothesis that ant tending can increase the densities of the mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcida ... | 2013 | 23575014 |
| fire ants protect mealybugs against their natural enemies by utilizing the leaf shelters constructed by the leaf roller sylepta derogata. | the importance of mutualism is receiving more attention in community ecology. in this study, the fire ant solenopsis invicta was found to take advantage of the shelters constructed by the leaf roller sylepta derogata to protect mealybugs (phenacoccus solenopsis) against their natural enemies. this protective effect of fire ant tending on the survival of mealybugs in shelters was observed when enemies and leaf rollers were simultaneously present. specifically, fire ants moved the mealybugs inside ... | 2012 | 23185505 |
| assessing the combined toxicity of conventional and newer insecticides on the cotton mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis. | reduced susceptibility to insecticides often results in failure of insect pest control and repetitive use of broad-spectrum insecticides, which could have detrimental effects on beneficial arthropods and surrounding agro-ecosystems. the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley is a pest of worldwide importance that can be effectively controlled using a number of insecticides. this insect has developed resistance due to injudicious use and repeated exposure to insecticides throughout the y ... | 2017 | 28865048 |
| an ant-coccid mutualism affects the behavior of the parasitoid aenasius bambawalei, but not that of the ghost ant tetramorium bicarinatum. | mutualisms between honeydew-producing insects and ants change the emission of volatiles from plants, but whether such changes alter the behaviors of ants that tend honeydew-producing insects or wasps that parasitize honeydew-producing insects remain unknown. this study compared the behavioral responses of the ant tetramorium bicarinatum and the parasitoid wasp aenasius bambawalei to odors from cotton plants infested with the mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis or infested with the mealybug and the a ... | 2017 | 28701713 |
| reference genes validation in phenacoccus solenopsis under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. | real-time pcr (rt-qpcr) expression analysis is a powerful analytical technique, but for normalization of data requires the use of stable reference genes. however, suitable reference genes are still not known in the case of phenacoccus solenopsis under variable experimental treatments. the present study focused on the identification of stable housekeeping genes as a reference for analysis under different abiotic and biotic factors in p. solenopsis. we analyzed the relative expression of six commo ... | 2017 | 29051594 |
| does mutualism drive the invasion of two alien species? the case of solenopsis invicta and phenacoccus solenopsis. | although mutualism between ants and honeydew-producing hemipterans has been extensively recognized in ecosystem biology, however few attempts to test the hypothesis that mutualism between two alien species leads to the facilitation of the invasion process. to address this problem, we focus on the conditional mutualism between s. invicta and p. solenopsis by field investigations and indoor experiments. in the laboratory, ant colony growth increased significantly when ants had access to p. solenop ... | 2012 | 22911859 |
| survey for cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis (tinsley) and its natural enemies. | mealybug was considered to be a minor pest of cotton but it emerged as a major pest in 2006-2007 in north and central zones. extensive field surveys conducted in cotton fields during 2007-09 in haryana, rajasthan and punjab in the north zone and madhya pradesh, maharashtra and gujarat in the central zone indicated that phenacoccus solenopsis was the only major species of mealybug recorded on cotton in north as well as central zones except one location in gujarat where fenrrisia virgata cockerrel ... | 2011 | 22167953 |
| suppression of jasmonic acid-dependent defense in cotton plant by the mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis. | the solenopsis mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis, has been recently recognized as an aggressively invasive pest in china, and is now becoming a serious threat to the cotton industry in the country. thus, it is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms employed by cotton for defending against p. solenopsis before the pest populations reach epidemic levels. here, we examined the effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (ja), salicylic acid (sa), and herbivory treatments on feeding behavior and on ... | 2011 | 21818315 |
| biology of the mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis on cotton in the laboratory. | phenacoccus solenopsis tinsley (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) has been the current topic of research for insect taxonomists and applied entomologists in india due to its invasiveness, rapid spread, morphological and biological variations and the need for establishing an effective control strategy. the biology of the mealybug p. solenopsis was studied on cotton under laboratory conditions between august and october of 2009 with mean temperature and relative humidity of 23.3–30.2° c and 40.5–92.5% rh ... | 2010 | 20874596 |