| reduction of tracheal mite parasitism of honey bees by swarming. | based on population dynamics, tracheal mite (acarapis woodi) parasitism of colonies of honey bees (apis mellifera) appears to be, potentially at least, regulatory and stable. empirical and theoretical considerations suggest, however, that intracolony population dynamics of mite-honey bee worker seem to be unstable in managed situations where honey bee worker population is allowed to grow unchecked. experimental studies showed that tracheal mite population levels increased in a managed honey bee ... | 1991 | 1674151 |
| susceptibility of the honey bee, apis mellifera linnaeus, infested with acarapis woodi (rennie) to infection by airborne pathogens. | | 1965 | 5827551 |
| determination of menthol in honey by gas chromatography. | a gas chromatographic method was developed for the determination of l-menthol in honey at levels as low as 0.1 ppm. the method includes steam distillation and hexane extraction with an internal standard (2,6-dimethylphenol). beehives treated to control acarapis woodi over 21 days with 30-60 g l-menthol contained l-menthol residues in honey and beeswax. l-menthol was found only in treated portions of the hive and not later transferred to added honey supers. the highest levels of residues in honey ... | 1993 | 8286969 |
| development of a gel formulation of formic acid for control of parasitic mites of honey bees. | formic acid has been used in various countries for the control of parasitic mites of honey bees (apis mellifera), particularly the varroa mite (varroa jacobsoni) and the tracheal mite (acarapis woodi). its corrosivity and consequent fear of liability have precluded commercial interest in the united states, and its rapid vaporization requires frequent reapplication. we have developed a gel formulation of formic acid which provides controlled release over 2-3 weeks and improves the convenience and ... | 1999 | 10552733 |
| parasitic mites of honey bees: life history, implications, and impact. | the hive of the honey bee is a suitable habitat for diverse mites (acari), including nonparasitic, omnivorous, and pollen-feeding species, and parasites. the biology and damage of the three main pest species acarapis woodi, varroa jacobsoni, and tropilaelaps clareae is reviewed, along with detection and control methods. the hypothesis that acarapis woodi is a recently evolved species is rejected. mite-associated bee pathologies (mostly viral) also cause increasing losses to apiaries. future stud ... | 2000 | 10761588 |
| comparative laboratory toxicity of neem pesticides to honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae), their mite parasites varroa jacobsoni (acari: varroidae) and acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae), and brood pathogens paenibacillus larvae and ascophaera apis. | laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate neem oil and neem extract for the management of key honey bee (apis mellifera l.) pests. neem pesticides inhibited the growth of paenibacillus larvae (ash, priest & collins) in vitro but had no effect on the growth of ascophaera apis (olive & spiltoir). azadirachtin-rich extract (neem-aza) was 10 times more potent than crude neem oil (neem oil) against p. larvae suggesting that azadirachtin is a main antibiotic component in neem. neem-aza, however, ... | 2000 | 10826163 |
| a sequential sampling scheme for detecting infestation levels of tracheal mites (heterostigmata: tarsonemidae) in honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies. | the introduction of parasitic honey bee mites, the tracheal mite, acarapis woodi (rennie) in 1984 and the varroa mite, varroa jacobsoni, in 1987, has dramatically increased the winter mortality of honey bee, apis mellifera l., colonies in many areas of the united states. some beekeepers have minimized their losses by routinely treating their colonies with menthol, currently the only environmental protection agency-approved and available chemical for tracheal mite control. menthol is also expensi ... | 2000 | 10902298 |
| field evaluation of neem and canola oil for the selective control of the honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) mite parasites varroa jacobsoni (acari: varroidae) and acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae). | neem oil, neem extract (neem-aza), and canola oil were evaluated for the management of the honey bee mite parasites varroa jacobsoni (oudemans) and acarapis woodi (rennie) in field experiments. spraying neem oil on bees was more effective at controlling v. jacobsoni than feeding oil in a sucrose-based matrix (patty), feeding neem-aza in syrup, or spraying canola oil. neem oil sprays also protected susceptible bees from a. woodi infestation. only neem oil provided v. jacobsoni control comparable ... | 2000 | 10902299 |
| inheritance of resistance to acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) in first-generation crosses of honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | the tendency of honey bees, apis mellifera l, to become infested with tracheal mites, acarapis woodi (rennie), was measured in six different types of f1 colonies. the colonies were produced by mating a stock (buckfast) known to resist mite infestation to each of five commercially available stocks and to a stock known to be susceptible to mites. young uninfested bees from progeny and parent colonies were simultaneously exposed to mites in infested colonies, then retrieved and dissected to determi ... | 2000 | 11142287 |
| resistance to acarapis woodi by honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae): divergent selection and evaluation of selection progress. | two generations of honey bees, apis mellifera l., selected for resistance to tracheal mites, acarapis woodi (rennie), were produced from a foundation stock. the mite resistant lines had significantly low mite abundances and prevalences in each selected generation. the high mite-resistant lines of the first selected generation showed resistance equal to that of bees that had undergone natural selection from tracheal mite infestations for 3 yr in new york. additionally, the high mite-resistant lin ... | 2001 | 11332822 |
| the role of cuticular compounds in the resistance of honey bees (apis mellifera) to tracheal mites (acarapis woodi). | this study examined the migration of tracheal mites (acarapis woodi) into honey bees (apis mellifera) from different colonies and the relative attraction of mites to hexane extracts from the external body surfaces of young bees. relative resistance of bees from different colonies initially was assessed with a field bioassay that involved tagging newly emerged bees, pooling them in heavily mite-infested colonies, retrieving them 7 days later, and examining them for tracheal mite prevalence and ab ... | 2001 | 11989483 |
| comparison of release mechanisms for botanical oils to control varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) and acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) in colonies of honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | two major parasitic pests threaten honey bee populations, the external mite varroa destructor and the internal mite acarapis woodi (rennie). varroa are beginning to develop resistance to the main chemical defense fluvalinate, and alternative control methods are being pursued. previous studies have shown that botanical oils, especially thymol, can be effective. six release devices for either thymol or a blend of botanical oils known as magic 3 were tested in beehives. the release devices were as ... | 2002 | 12019993 |
| the natural control of the tracheal mite of honey bees. | the natural control of the tracheal mite, acarapis woodi, of the honey bee depends greatly on good foraging opportunities for bee colonies and on limited competition between colonies. the severe, widely-publicised disease of bees, referred to as 'the isle of wight disease' in britain early in the last century when colonies were more numerous than subsequently, was wrongly attributed to the mite, which causes no overt symptoms. the disease was almost certainly caused by bee paralysis virus, which ... | 2001 | 12206585 |
| the epidemiology of the infestation of the honeybee, apis mellifera l., by the mite acarapis woodi rennie and the mortality of infested bees. | | 1958 | 13600873 |
| [embryology and histology of the bee mite acarapis woodi rennie 1921]. | | 1954 | 14360336 |
| indoor winter fumigation of apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies infested with varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) with formic acid is a potential control alternative in northern climates. | formic acid treatment for the control of the ectoparasitic varroa mite, varroa destructor anderson & trueman, infesting honey bee, apis mellifera l., colonies is usually carried out as an in-hive outdoor treatment. this study examined the use of formic acid on wintered colonies kept indoors at 5 degrees c from 24 november 1999 to 24 march 2000. colonies were placed in small treatment rooms that were not treated (control) or fumigated at three different concentrations of formic acid: low (mean 11 ... | 2004 | 15154434 |
| observations on the honey bee tracheal mite acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. | observations were made of cryo-preserved honey bee tracheal mites acarapis woodi (rennie) using scanning electron microscopy. we describe various new morphological attributes of a. woodi based on the ability of the cryo-technique to capture live mites in natural positions and observe the low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (lt-sem) photographs under a 3-d viewer. most striking was the observation that each leg has the ability to independently twist its segments with the ambulacrum rotat ... | 2005 | 15792103 |
| caste, sex and strain of honey bees (apis mellifera) affect infestation with tracheal mites (acarapis woodi). | worker honey bees from genetic strains selected for being resistant (r) or susceptible (s) to tracheal mites typically show large differences in infestation in field colonies and in bioassays that involve controlled exposure to infested bees. we used bioassays exposing newly emerged individuals to infested workers to compare the propensity for tracheal mites to infest queens, drones and workers from r and s colonies. in tests with queens, newly emerged r and s queens were either simultaneously c ... | 2005 | 16323047 |
| russian honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies: acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) infestations and overwintering survival. | honey bee, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), colonies infested by parasitic mites are more prone to suffer from a variety of stresses, including cold temperature. we evaluated the overwintering ability of candidate breeder lines of russian honey bees, most of which are resistant to both varroa destructor anderson & trueman and acarapis woodi (rennie), during 1999-2001. our results indicate that russian honey bee colonies (headed by original and supersedure queens) can successfully overwin ... | 2005 | 16539096 |
| brood-cell size does not influence the susceptibility of honey bees (apis mellifera) to infestation by tracheal mites (acarapis woodi). | tracheal mites have been associated with the condition in honey bees that devastated colonies in britain and ireland in the early 1900s. the first outbreak of this condition, that became known as the 'isle of wight' disease, coincided with the period when brood-cell size was increased from about 5.0 mm to about 5.5 mm in width. we undertook an inoculation experiment over a 7-day period to establish if the act of increasing the brood-cell size could have triggered the onset of tracheal mites in h ... | 2006 | 16897566 |
| comparison of parasitic mites in russian-hybrid and italian honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies across three different locations in north carolina. | the most economically important parasites of honey bee, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), colonies are the parasitic mites varroa destructor anderson & trueman and acarapis woodi (rennie). research has shown that mite-tolerant stocks are effective means to reduce mite infestations within colonies, but it is unclear whether the stocks available commercially are viable means of mite control because they are likely to be genetic hybrids. we compared colonies of a standard commercial stock (" ... | 2007 | 17461045 |
| comparative performance of two mite-resistant stocks of honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae) in alabama beekeeping operations. | the utility of usda-developed russian and varroa sensitive hygiene (vsh) honey bees, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), was compared with that of locally produced, commercial italian bees during 2004-2006 in beekeeping operations in alabama, usa. infestations of varroa mites, varroa destructor anderson & truman (acari: varroidae), were measured twice each year, and colonies that reached established economic treatment thresholds (one mite per 100 adult bees in late winter; 5-10 mites per 10 ... | 2008 | 18613562 |
| what's in that package? an evaluation of quality of package honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) shipments in the united states. | to replace deceased colonies or to increase the colony numbers, beekeepers often purchase honey bees, apis mellifera l., in a package, which is composed of 909-1,364 g (2-3 lb) of worker bees and a mated queen. packages are typically produced in warm regions of the united states in spring and shipped throughout the united states to replace colonies that perished during winter. although the package bee industry is effective in replacing colonies lost in winter, packages also can be an effective m ... | 2008 | 18613564 |
| evaluation of apicultural characteristics of first-year colonies initiated from packaged honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | we evaluated the performance of six named types of package honey bees, apis mellifera l (hymenoptera: apidae), from four commercial producers. we examined the effects of levels of the parasitic mite varroa destructor anderson & trueman, the endoparasitic mite acarapis woodi (rennie), the gut parasite nosema (species not determined) in samples from bees in 48 packages, and levels of adult drones in the same packages on corresponding levels of those same traits in the fall in colonies that develop ... | 2009 | 19449626 |
| indoor winter fumigation with formic acid for control of acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) and nosema disease, nosema sp. | indoor fumigation of honey bees, apis mellifera l., with formic acid to control varroa mites, varroa destructor anderson & trueman, allows simultaneous fumigation of multiple colonies with little labor input and good efficacy. several experiments were designed to test the efficacy of formic acid as a treatment for honey bee mites, acarapis woodi (rennie) (acari: tarsonemidae), and nosema disease, nosema sp., indoors in winter. the objectives of this study were (1) to determine the efficacy of fo ... | 2009 | 19886435 |
| sudden deaths and colony population decline in greek honey bee colonies. | during june and july of 2009, sudden deaths, tremulous movements and population declines of adult honey bees were reported by the beekeepers in the region of peloponnesus (mt. mainalo), greece. a preliminary study was carried out to investigate these unexplained phenomena in this region. in total, 37 bee samples, two brood frames containing honey bee brood of various ages, eight sugar samples and four sugar patties were collected from the affected colonies. the samples were tested for a range of ... | 2010 | 20804765 |
| infestation of japanese native honey bees by tracheal mite and virus from non-native european honey bees in japan. | invasion of alien species has been shown to cause detrimental effects on habitats of native species. insect pollinators represent such examples; the introduction of commercial bumble bee species for crop pollination has resulted in competition for an ecological niche with native species, genetic disturbance caused by mating with native species, and pathogen spillover to native species. the european honey bee, apis mellifera, was first introduced into japan for apiculture in 1877, and queen bees ... | 2011 | 21960435 |
| the honey bee pathosphere of mongolia: european viruses in central asia. | parasites and pathogens are apparent key factors for the detrimental health of managed european honey bee subspecies, apis mellifera. apicultural trade is arguably the main factor for the almost global distribution of most honey bee diseases, thereby increasing chances for multiple infestations/infections of regions, apiaries, colonies and even individual bees. this imposes difficulties to evaluate the effects of pathogens in isolation, thereby creating demand to survey remote areas. here, we co ... | 2016 | 26959221 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of honey bee viruses, nosema microsporidia, protozoan parasites, and parasitic mites in china. | china has the largest number of managed honey bee colonies, which produce the highest quantity of honey and royal jelly in the world; however, the presence of honey bee pathogens and parasites has never been rigorously identified in chinese apiaries. we thus conducted a molecular survey of honey bee rna viruses, nosema microsporidia, protozoan parasites, and tracheal mites associated with nonnative apis mellifera ligustica and native apis cerana cerana colonies in china. we found the presence of ... | 2013 | 23467539 |
| pathogens as predictors of honey bee colony strength in england and wales. | inspectors with the uk national bee unit were asked for 2007-2008 to target problem apiaries in england and wales for pathogen screening and colony strength measures. healthy colonies were included in the sampling to provide a continuum of health conditions. a total of 406 adult bee samples was screened and yielded 7 viral, 1 bacterial, and 2 microsporidial pathogens and 1 ectoparasite (acarapis woodi). in addition, 108 samples of brood were screened and yielded 4 honey bee viruses. virus preval ... | 2015 | 26186735 |
| holistic screening of collapsing honey bee colonies in spain: a case study. | here we present a holistic screening of collapsing colonies from three professional apiaries in spain. colonies with typical honey bee depopulation symptoms were selected for multiple possible factors to reveal the causes of collapse. | 2014 | 25223634 |
| honey bee apis mellifera parasites in the absence of nosema ceranae fungi and varroa destructor mites. | few areas of the world have western honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies that are free of invasive parasites nosema ceranae (fungi) and varroa destructor (mites). particularly detrimental is v. destructor; in addition to feeding on host haemolymph, these mites are important vectors of several viruses that are further implicated as contributors to honey bee mortality around the world. thus, the biogeography and attendant consequences of viral communities in the absence of v. destructor are of sign ... | 2014 | 24955834 |
| functionality of varroa-resistant honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae) when used for western u.s. honey production and almond pollination. | two types of honey bees, apis mellifera l., bred for resistance to varroa destructor anderson & trueman, were evaluated for performance when used for honey production in montana, and for almond pollination the following winter. colonies of russian honey bees and outcrossed honey bees with varroa-sensitive hygiene (vsh) were compared with control colonies of italian honey bees. all colonies were managed without miticide treatments. in total, 185 and 175 colonies were established for trials in 201 ... | 2014 | 24772530 |
| field application of menthol for japanese honey bees, apis cerana japonica (hymenoptera: apidae), to control tracheal mites, acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae). | the first record of tracheal mites, acarapis woodi, in japan was made in 2010. these mites have since caused serious damage to the colonies of japanese honey bees, apis cerana japonica. in the present study, to control the mites on japanese honey bees with l-menthol, an agent used for european honey bees, apis mellifera, we investigated (1) the seasonality of menthol efficacy, (2) the overwintering mortality of menthol-treated colonies, and (3) the menthol residue in honey under field conditions ... | 2016 | 27497591 |
| molecular prevalence of acarapis mite infestations in honey bees in korea. | acarapis mites, including acarapis woodi, acarapis externus, and acarapis dorsalis, are parasites of bees which can cause severe damage to the bee industry by destroying colonies and decreasing honey production. all 3 species are prevalent throughout many countries including uk, usa, iran, turkey, china, and japan. based on previous reports of acarapis mites occurring in northeast asia, including china and japan, we investigated a survey of acarapis mite infestations in honey bees in korean apia ... | 2015 | 26174825 |
| is acarapis woodi a single species? a new pcr protocol to evaluate its prevalence. | acarapisosis is a disease of the adult honey bee apis mellifera l., caused by the tracheal mite acarapis woodi (rennie), that affects the prothoracic tracheas of worker honey bees. although it is not usually considered a real problem for honey bee colonies in southern europe (mainly spain and greece), where the majority of professional beekeepers are located in europe, recent works have reported the constant presence of this mite in this area, making it a potential cofactor for colony losses. in ... | 2015 | 25399817 |
| the prevalence of acarapis woodi in spanish honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies. | acarapis woodi is an internal obligate parasite of the respiratory system of honey bees which provokes significant economic losses in many geographical areas. the main aim of this study was assess the a. woodi role in the "higher honey bee colony losses phenomenon" in spain. therefore, a new polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene (coi) and so the actual prevalence of a. woodi in spanish honey bee colonies in 2006 and 2007 was determin ... | 2012 | 22974586 |
| pcr-based detection of a tracheal mite of the honey bee acarapis woodi. | the effects of the tracheal mite acarapis woodi on the health of honey bees have been neglected since the prevalence of varroa mites to apis mellifera colonies. however, tracheal mite infestation of honey bee colonies still occurs worldwide and could impose negative impact on apiculture. the detection of a. woodi requires the dissection of honey bees followed by microscopic observation of the tracheal sacs. we thus developed pcr methods to detect a. woodi. these methods facilitate rapid and sens ... | 2011 | 21839741 |
| inheritance of resistance to acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) in crosses between selected resistant russian and selected susceptible u.s. honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | the pattern of inheritance of tracheal mite resistance in selected russian bees was determined in bioassays and in samples from field colonies. resistant colonies of russian origin and colonies selected for high susceptibility in the united states were used to generate divergent parental populations. seven groups of f1 colonies were produced by crossing queens and drones from these selected resistant russian and selected susceptible populations. in a series of bioassays with young workers expose ... | 2008 | 19133453 |
| [essay with biological control of acarapis woodi, the agent of acariasis in bees]. | | 1954 | 13150621 |
| mite not make it home: tracheal mites reduce the safety margin for oxygen delivery of flying honeybees. | many physiological systems appear to have safety margins, with excess capacity relative to normal functional needs, but the significance of such excess capacity remains controversial. in this study, we investigate the effects of parasitic tracheal mites (acarapis woodi) on the safety margin for oxygen delivery and flight performance of honeybees. tracheal mites did not affect the flight metabolic rate of honeybees in normoxic (21% oxygen) or hyperoxic (40% oxygen) air, but did reduce their metab ... | 2001 | 11171363 |
| honey bee mortality due to tracheal mite parasitism. | we demonstrate, by truncating the expected negative binomial distribution, that the tracheal mite parasite, acarapis woodi, causes mortality in the european honey bee, apis mellifera, but, that this mortality can be documented only during periods of low mite densities (mites per bee). at high mite densities, this technique no longer reveals mite-induced mortality. we suggest that this paradox results from a reduction in the mortality threshold at high mite densities, concealing mortality from ou ... | 1990 | 2314929 |
| a qualitative model of mortality in honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies infested with tracheal mites (acarapis woodi). | the tracheal mite has been associated with colony deaths worldwide since the mite was first discovered in 1919. yet controversy about its role in honey bee colony mortality has existed since that time. other pathogens such as bacteria and viruses have been suggested as the cause of colony deaths as well as degenerative changes in individual honey bees. using data from published work we developed a qualitative mortality model to explain colony mortality due to tracheal mite infestation in the fie ... | 2009 | 19009362 |
| mediation of host selection by cuticular hydrocarbons in the honeybee tracheal miteacarapis woodi (rennie). | using a simple two-choice bioassay and video analysis of individual locomotory tracks, it was determined that a preference for young-bee hosts over old-bee hosts in female honeybee tracheal mites,acarapis woodi (rennie), is chemically mediated. when presented with a choice of cuticular extracts from 5-day-old and <1-day-old adult bees, mites showed a significant preference for the young-bee extract in three of four bee colony sources. this discrimination was due apparently to a greater positive ... | 1991 | 24258738 |