| preliminary investigation of the habitats of presbytis françoisi and presbytis leucocephalus, with notes on the activity pattern of presbytis leucocephalus. | in this paper the habitat structure and ecology of presbytis françoisi and presbytis leucocephalus are compared. observations were made of the two langur species in areas of southwest guangxi province in which the langurs occur but are not sympatric. the results showed that the habitat of p. leucocephalus differs from that of p. françoisi and that the habitat in western areas was different from that in eastern areas in terms of vegetation and other criteria. p. françoisi was limited in its distr ... | 1993 | 8335298 |
| habitat quality and range use of white-headed langurs in fusui, china. | the socioecology of white-headed langurs (trachypithecus leucocephalus) was studied in fusui precious animal reserve, guangxi, china, in 1997/1998. habitat quality was classified according to the level of human disturbance. plant species diversity increased with habitat quality. important foods for the langurs occurred more in high-quality habitat. home range size varied from 28 to 48 ha, and the home range area per individual decreased as habitat quality increased. small polygynous langur group ... | 2005 | 16088186 |
| a video-aided study of the diet of wild white-headed langurs (trachypithecus leucocephalus). | asian leaf-eating monkeys have flexible, environmentally adaptable feeding strategies. the diet and food choices of white-headed langurs (trachypithecus leucocephalus) have, however, not yet been studied in the nongguan karst hills in china, where one of the two main surviving populations of this endangered species lives. from 2000 to 2002 inclusive, we adopted an innovative video playback analysis method to identify the food species used by the langurs and to calculate the corresponding feeding ... | 2011 | 21494050 |
| multilocus typing of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia duodenalis from non-human primates in china. | non-human primates (nhps) are commonly infected with cryptosporidium spp. and giardia duodenalis. however, molecular characterisation of these pathogens from nhps remains scarce. in this study, 2,660 specimens from 26 nhp species in china were examined and characterised by pcr amplification of 18s rrna, 70kda heat shock protein (hsp70) and 60kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene loci for cryptosporidium; and 1,386 of the specimens by ssrrna, triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gd ... | 2014 | 25148945 |
| genetic polymorphism and zoonotic potential of enterocytozoon bieneusi from nonhuman primates in china. | enterocytozoon bieneusi is an important zoonotic pathogen. to assess the human-infective potential of e. bieneusi in nonhuman primates (nhps), we examined the prevalence and genotype distribution of e. bieneusi in 23 nhp species by pcr and sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its). a total of 1,386 fecal specimens from nhps from five provinces in china were examined, and e. bieneusi was detected in 158 (11.4%) specimens from five nhp species, including cynomolgus monke ... | 2014 | 24413605 |
| low genetic diversity in a critically endangered primate: shallow evolutionary history or recent population bottleneck? | current patterns of population genetic variation may have been shaped by long-term evolutionary history and contemporary demographic processes. understanding the underlying mechanisms that yield those patterns is crucial for informed conservation of endangered species. the critically endangered white-headed langur, trachypithecus leucocephalus, is endemic to a narrow range in southwest china. this species shows very low genetic diversity in its 2 main relict populations, fusui and chongzuo. whet ... | 2019 | 31242851 |
| [improvement and application for ecological networks using landscape pattern and connectivity methods.] | in landscape ecology, the target species ecological network is often constructed by the least-cost path model (hereafter lcpm) to improve landscape connectivity among discrete habitats and to mitigate the negative impacts of habitat fragmentation. nevertheless, the traditional ecological network method based on lcrm has insufficient understanding of landscape structure changes and ecological processes of research site. we used landscape pattern index and connectivity probability index to quantit ... | 2019 | 31529886 |
| effect of group size on time budgets and ranging behavior of white-headed langurs in limestone forest, southwest china. | the ecological constraints model is well supported by data from most frugivorous primates; however, the prediction power of the model is weak for folivorous primates. from september 2016 to august 2017, we collected comparative data on time budgets, daily path lengths and diets of four groups of white-headed langurs (trachypithecus leucocephalus), including two large groups (g-ds and g-zwy) and two small groups (g-lz and g-nn) in chongzuo white-headed langur national nature reserve, guangxi prov ... | 2020 | 31665731 |
| genomic mechanisms of physiological and morphological adaptations of limestone langurs to karst habitats. | knowledge of the physiological and morphological evolution and adaptation of nonhuman primates is critical to understand hominin origins, physiological ecology, morphological evolution, and applications in biomedicine. particularly, limestone langurs represent a direct example of adaptations to the challenges of exploiting a high calcium and harsh environment. here, we report a de novo genome assembly (tfra_2.0) of a male françois's langur (trachypithecus francoisi) with contig n50 of 16.3 mb an ... | 2020 | 31846031 |
| social organization of white-headed langurs trachypithecus leucocephalus in fusui, china. | | 2006 | 15010582 |
| population census of the white-headed langur (trachypithecus leucocephalus) at longrui karst hills, guangxi, china. | a population census of white-headed langurs (trachypithecus leucocephalus) was conducted using sleeping-site counts and the line-transect method from july to august 2002 at the longrui karst hills, guangxi, china. this area had been the largest habitat of the langurs across their range before the 1990s. while our survey revealed 146 old sleeping-sites, no white-headed langurs or fresh sleeping-sites were found in this area. our study indicated that there had previously been a large population of ... | 2005 | 15703855 |
| how does the white-headed langur (trachypithecus leucocephalus) adapt locomotor behavior to its unique limestone hill habitat? | limestone hill habitats pose unique challenges to langurs. one of the characteristics of this habitat is its cliffs, which account for about 10-20% of the total area. we have never observed langurs falling from the cliffs during our 10-year field study. five patterns of locomotion were exhibited by the white-headed langur: (1) arboreal ascent and descent, (2) arboreal quadupedalism, (3) terrestrial quadrupadelism, (4) moving on cliffs and (5) leaping on cliffs. locomotor patterns varied accordin ... | 2005 | 15915324 |
| social organization of white-headed langurs (trachypithecus leucocephalus) in the nongguan karst hills, guangxi, china. | the number of males per group is the most variable aspect of primate social organization and is often related to the monopolizability of females, which is mainly determined by the number of females per group and their reproductive synchrony. colobines show both inter-specific and intra-specific variations in the number of males per group. compared with other colobine species, little is known about the social organization of white-headed langur (trachypithecus leucocephalus), despite its endanger ... | 2009 | 19003910 |
| reproductive parameters of wild trachypithecus leucocephalus: seasonality, infant mortality and interbirth interval. | understanding the reproductive parameters of endangered primate species is vital for evaluating the status of populations and developing adequate conservation measures. this study provides the first detailed analysis of the reproductive parameters of wild white-headed langurs (trachypithecus leucocephalus), based on demographic data collected over an 8-year period in the nongguan karst hills in chongzuo county, guangxi, china. from 1998 to 2002, a total of 133 live births were recorded in the po ... | 2009 | 19367607 |
| male attacks on infants and infant death during male takeovers in wild white-headed langurs (trachypithecus leucocephalus). | infanticide was first observed in langurs nearly 50 years ago, and this rare phenomenon has been inferred to have either an evolutionarily adaptive function or to be a pathological and non-functional behavior. in this study, we report 5 male takeover events in one-male groups of white-headed langurs in the nongguan karst hills, guangxi, china from 1998 to 2006. we recorded 13 attacks on 9 infants by extra-group males or new resident males. during the male takeovers, all of the infants younger th ... | 2013 | 24344960 |
| genetic analysis of group composition and relatedness in white-headed langurs. | we collected fecal samples of white-headed langurs from 3 of the 4 remaining habitat fragments (fa, fb and cz) located in southwestern guangxi, china in nov 2005, and used 5 microsatellite loci and the sry gene to assess the relatedness between 46 langurs within and between groups. we observed 2 forms of group structure: one-male/multi-female groups (omgs) and all-male groups (amgs). one amg in fa was composed of 2 generations, included a father, 2 sons and 1 unrelated male, and all omgs in all ... | 2013 | 24344965 |
| birth intervention and non-maternal infant-handling during parturition in a nonhuman primate. | direct intervention in infant delivery by non-parturient individuals is a rare phenomenon in nonhuman primates. in contrast, birth assistance by other individuals, or the practice of midwifery, is universal among human societies and generally believed to be a behavior unique to our species. it has been proposed that the enlarged head of the human fetus and the relatively narrow birth canal constrained by bipedalism has made human parturition more difficult than in nonhuman primates, and these an ... | 2014 | 24859849 |
| low genetic diversity and strong geographical structure of the critically endangered white-headed langur (trachypithecus leucocephalus) inferred from mitochondrial dna control region sequences. | many asian colobine monkey species are suffering from habitat destruction and population size decline. there is a great need to understand their genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history for effective species conservation. the white-headed langur (trachypithecus leucocephalus) is a critically endangered colobine species endemic to the limestone karst forests in southwestern china. we analyzed the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region sequences of 390 fecal samples from 4 ... | 2015 | 26057239 |
| isolation of microsatellite loci and reliable genotyping using noninvasive samples of a critically endangered primate, trachypithecus leucocephalus. | genetic information can be critical in identifying conservation priorities and developing conservation strategies. there is an urgent need for noninvasive genetic tools to study the wild populations of asian colobine monkeys. the majority of these species are threatened with habitat destruction, population reduction and even extinction, but generally lack information on their genetic diversity and population structure. genetic sampling and tissue collection have been scarce in these species owin ... | 2016 | 26889667 |
| fine-scale genetic structure analyses reveal dispersal patterns in a critically endangered primate, trachypithecus leucocephalus. | dispersal is a critically important life history trait of social organisms that has a major impact on the population genetic structure and social relationships within groups. primates exhibit highly diversified dispersal and philopatry patterns, but knowledge of these patterns is difficult to obtain and usually limited to observations of a small number of focal social groups or individuals. here, we investigated the dispersal pattern of a critically endangered colobine monkey, the white-headed l ... | 2017 | 28100010 |
| effect of habitat fragmentation on ranging behavior of white-headed langurs in limestone forests in southwest china. | the critically endangered white-headed langur (trachypithecus leucocephalus) is confined to fragmented karst forests of southwest guangxi province, china. a lack of information on the influence of habitat fragmentation on langur behavior has prevented a comprehensive understanding of their ranging behavior and the development of effective langur conservation strategies. we collected comparative data on time budgets, daily path lengths, home range and diets of four langur groups inhabiting the li ... | 2017 | 28197795 |
| low genetic diversity and strong population structure shaped by anthropogenic habitat fragmentation in a critically endangered primate, trachypithecus leucocephalus. | habitat fragmentation may strongly impact population genetic structure and reduce the genetic diversity and viability of small and isolated populations. the white-headed langur (trachypithecus leucocephalus) is a critically endangered primate species living in a highly fragmented and human-modified habitat in southern china. we examined the population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the species and investigated the environmental and anthropogenic factors that may have shaped its popul ... | 2017 | 28198816 |
| feeding strategy of françois' langur and white-headed langur at fusui, china. | we investigated the diet of a group of françois' langur inhabiting a forest fragment between august 2002 and july 2003 to add to our knowledge of behavior and ecology of this langur. our objective was to study whether the françois' langur would adopt a feeding strategy similar to the white-headed langur in the same nature reserve. data indicated that a total of 37 plant species were eaten by françois' langur; however, only ten species accounted for 90% of the total feeding time. four species bel ... | 2008 | 17924424 |