| Rapid evolution of the mitochondrial genome in Chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) driven by parasitic lifestyles. | Among the Chalcidoids, hymenopteran parasitic wasps that have diversified lifestyles, a partial mitochondrial genome has been reported only from Nasonia. This genome had many unusual features, especially a dramatic reorganization and a high rate of evolution. Comparisons based on more mitochondrial genomic data from the same superfamily were required to reveal weather these unusual features are peculiar to Nasonia or not. In the present study, we sequenced the nearly complete mitochondrial genom ... | 2011 | 22073180 |
| hepatic perturbations provoked by azathioprine: a paradigm to rationalize the cytoprotective potential of ficus hispida linn. | the present study was embarked upon in an endeavor to ascertain whether ficus hispida leaf extract (fhle) modulates azathioprine-induced hepatic damage. azathioprine treated rats displayed a plethora of pathological events, which include loss of hepatocellular membrane integrity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and nuclear damage; whilst fhle pretreated rats significantly precluded these abnormalities. these data were in harmony with the transmission electron microscopic studies. observations from th ... | 2009 | 19778257 |
| expression and evolutionary divergence of the non-conventional olfactory receptor in four species of fig wasp associated with one species of fig. | the interactions of fig wasps and their host figs provide a model for investigating co-evolution. fig wasps have specialized morphological characters and lifestyles thought to be adaptations to living in the fig's syconium. although these aspects of natural history are well documented, the genetic mechanism(s) underlying these changes remain(s) unknown. fig wasp olfaction is the key to host-specificity. the or83b gene class, an unusual member of olfactory receptor family, plays a critical role i ... | 2009 | 19232102 |
| responses of the pollinating wasp ceratosolen solmsi marchali to odor variation between two floral stages of ficus hispida. | during development of figs on ficus hispida, only the female floral stage is receptive to its pollinator ceratosolen solmsi marchali. after this stage, the quantity of fig odor decreases. the effects of f. hispida volatiles from receptive figs (figs at the female floral stage, when they are pollinated) and interfloral figs (between the female floral and male floral stages) on their pollinator were studied, together with responses to compounds present in the odor. odors emitted by both receptive ... | 2008 | 19015920 |
| protective effect of leaf extract of ficus hispida linn. against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. | the methanol extract of the leaves of ficus hispida linn. (moraceae) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing acute liver damage by paracetamol (750 mg/kg, p.o.). the extract at an oral dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering the serum levels of transaminase (sgot and sgpt), bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (alp). these biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. the activity of extract wa ... | 2000 | 10960902 |
| studies on anti-diarrhoeal activity of ficus hispida. leaf extract in rats. | methanol extract of ficus hispida l. showed significant inhibitory activity against castor oil-induced diarrhoea and pge(2)-induced enteropooling in rats. it also showed a significant reduction in gastro-intestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. the results obtained establish the f. hispida leaf extract as an anti-diarrhoeal agent. | 2002 | 12490226 |
| constituents of the leaves and twigs of ficus hispida. | a new norisoprenoid, ficustriol (1), and the known phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid o-methyltylophorinidine (2), were isolated from a chcl3 extract of the leaves and twigs of ficus hispida. o-methyltylophorinidine showed potent cytotoxic activity when tested against a small panel of human cancer cells, while ficustriol was inactive. the structure and stereochemistry of 1 were determined using chemical and spectral methods. | 2002 | 11859479 |
| obligate mutualism within a host drives the extreme specialization of a fig wasp genome. | fig pollinating wasps form obligate symbioses with their fig hosts. this mutualism arose approximately 75 million years ago. unlike many other intimate symbioses, which involve vertical transmission of symbionts to host offspring, female fig wasps fly great distances to transfer horizontally between hosts. in contrast, male wasps are wingless and cannot disperse. symbionts that keep intimate contact with their hosts often show genome reduction, but it is not clear if the wide dispersal of female ... | 2013 | 24359812 |
| evidence for the circadian gene period as a proximate mechanism of protandry in a pollinating fig wasp. | protandry in insects is the tendency for adult males to emerge before females and usually results from intra-sexual selection. however, the genetic basis of this common phenomenon is poorly understood. pollinating fig wasp (agaonidae) larvae develop in galled flowers within the enclosed inflorescences ('figs') of fig trees. upon emergence, males locate and mate with the still galled females. after mating, males release females from their galls to enable dispersal. females cannot exit galls or di ... | 2014 | 24598106 |
| hispidacine, an unusual 8,4'-oxyneolignan-alkaloid with vasorelaxant activity, and hispiloscine, an antiproliferative phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, from ficus hispida linn. | hispidacine, an 8,4'-oxyneolignan featuring incorporation of an unusual 2-hydroxyethylamine moiety at c-7, and hispiloscine, a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, were isolated from the stem-bark and leaves of the malaysian ficus hispida linn. their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis. hispidacine induced a moderate vasorelaxant activity in rat isolated aorta, while hispiloscine showed appreciable antiproliferative activities against mda-mb-231, mcf-7, a549, hct-116 and mrc-5 cell ... | 2015 | 25468714 |
| new alkaloids and α-glucosidase inhibitory flavonoids from ficus hispida. | two new pyrrolidine alkaloids, ficushispimines a (1) and b (2), a new ω-(dimethylamino)caprophenone alkaloid, ficushispimine c (3), and a new indolizidine alkaloid, ficushispidine (4), together with the known alkaloid 5 and 11 known isoprenylated flavonoids 6 - 16, were isolated from the twigs of ficus hispida. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. isoderrone (8), 3'-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)biochanin a (11), myrsininone a (12), ficusin a (13), and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-6-[(1r*,6r ... | 2016 | 27002475 |
| delimitation and description of the immature stages of a pollinating fig wasp, ceratosolen solmsi marchali mayr (hymenoptera: agaonidae). | the mutualism between fig trees and their wasp pollinators is a model system for many ecological and evolutionary studies. however, the immature stages of pollinating fig wasps have rarely been studied. we monitored developing fig wasps of known ages and performed a series of dissections at 24 h intervals to identify key developmental traits of ceratosolen solmsi marchali mayr (hymenoptera: agaonidae), a pollinator of ficus hispida l. (moraceae). we identified where in the ficus ovary eggs were ... | 2014 | 24286501 |
| ficus hispida linn.: a review of its pharmacognostic and ethnomedicinal properties. | ficus hispida (fh) linn. is a moderate sized tree found throughout the year and is grown wild or cultivated for its edible fruits and folklore value. traditionally, different parts of the plant have been used in the treatment of ulcers, psoriasis, anemia, piles jaundice, vitiligo, hemorrhage, diabetes, convulsion, hepatitis, dysentery, biliousness, and as lactagogue and purgative. fh contains wide varieties of bioactives from different phytochemical groups like alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins ... | 2011 | 22096323 |
| additions to the hyphomycete genus veronaea as phytoparasitic species. | three new species of veronaea, v. ficina on ficus hispida l. (moraceae), v. grewiicola on grewia asiatica l. (tiliaceae), and v. hippocratiae on hippocratia arborea willd. (celastraceae), collected from forests of nepal and the terai belt of north-eastern uttar pradesh, india, are described, illustrated and compared with related taxa. | 2004 | 15293943 |
| pharmacological properties of a protease from ficus hispiad linn. | a sulphydryl plant protease present in the latex of ficus hispida linn affects hatematological values in mice. the isolated protease was found to increase clotting time and erythrocyte sedimentation rate while haemoglobin conten, rbc count and wbc count were decreased in a dose dependent manner. ointment containing 1.0% (w/w) hispidain in washable ointment base showed good wound healing property in mice. the protease also possesses mild anti inflammatory activity. | 2001 | 22557039 |
| volatiles from ficus hispida and their attractiveness to fig wasps. | volatile compositions of receptive (ready to be pollinated), postpollinated, and postparasitized figs. and leaves of ficus hispida were analyzed. differences among them were examined, and the specificity of fig wasp attractiveness was investigated. linalool was the major constituent of steam-distilled oil of either male or female receptive figs, while dibutyl phthalate was the major compound of the oils of postparasitized and postpollinated figs. in petroleum ether extracts, palmitic oil, and 9, ... | 2001 | 11710602 |
| acetylcholine and memory-enhancing activity of ficus racemosa bark. | alzheimer's disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in dementia and enhancement of acetylcholine (ach) levels in brain using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is one of the most important approaches for the treatment of ad. | 2011 | 22224047 |
| pollinating fig wasp ceratosolen solmsi adjusts the offspring sex ratio to other foundresses. | local mate competition theory predicts that offspring sex ratio in pollinating fig wasps is female-biased when there is only one foundress, and increased foundress density results in increased offspring sex ratio. information of other foundresses and clutch size have been suggested to be the main proximate explanations for sex ratio adjustment under local mate competition. our focus was to show the mechanism of sex ratio adjustment in a pollinating fig wasp, ceratosolen solmsi mayr, an obligate ... | 2013 | 23955862 |
| temperature regulates positively photoblastic seed germination in four ficus (moraceae) tree species from contrasting habitats in a seasonal tropical rainforest. | differences in seed germination responses of trees in tropical forests to temperature and light quality may contribute to their coexistence. we investigated the effects of temperature and red:far-red light (r:fr ratio) on seed germination of two gap-demanding species (ficus hispida and f. racemosa) and two shade-tolerant species (f. altissima and f. auriculata) in a tropical seasonal rainforest in southwest china. | 2013 | 23942086 |
| alkaloid extracts of ficus species and palm oil-derived tocotrienols synergistically inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells. | tocotrienols have been reported to possess anticancer effects other than anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. this study explored the potential synergism of antiproliferative effects induced by individual alkaloid extracts of ficus fistulosa, ficus hispida and ficus schwarzii combined with δ- and γ-tocotrienols against human brain glioblastoma (u87mg), lung adenocarcinoma (a549) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (ht-29) cells. cell viability and morphological results demonstrated that extra ... | 2015 | 25515603 |
| antihyperglycemic activities of leaves of three edible fruit plants (averrhoa carambola, ficus hispida and syzygium samarangense) of bangladesh. | averrhoa carambola l. (oxalidaceae), ficus hispida l.f. (moraceae), and syzygium samarangense (blume) merr. & l.m. perry (myrtaceae) are three common plants in bangladesh, the fruits of which are edible. the leaves and fruits of a. carambola and f. hispida are used by folk medicinal practitioners for treatment of diabetes, while the leaves of s. samarangense are used for treatment of cold, itches, and waist pain. since scientific studies are absent on the antihyperglycemic effects of the leaves ... | 2012 | 23983348 |
| chemical ecology of fruit bat foraging behavior in relation to the fruit odors of two species of paleotropical bat-dispersed figs (ficus hispida and ficus scortechinii). | we investigated the fruit odors of two bat-dispersed fig species in the paleotropics, in relation to the foraging behavior of fruit bats, to test the following hypotheses: 1) fruit odor plays a critical role for detection and selection of ripe figs by fruit bats; 2) bat-dispersed fig species are characterized by the same, or similar, chemical compounds; and 3) total scent production, in bat-dispersed figs, increases when fruits ripen. we performed bioassays to test the effect of both natural and ... | 2007 | 17929094 |