| biological and physiological characteristics of neotyphodium gansuense symbiotic with achnatherum inebrians. | biological and physiological characteristics of neotyphodium gansuense were compared with neotyphodium coenophialum and epichloë festucae at a range of temperatures and ph values, and on carbon and nitrogen amended media. n. gansuense was able to grow at 10-30 degrees c, but not at 5 degrees c, and slowly at 35 degrees c. the optimal temperature for both n. gansuense and n. coenophialum was 25 degrees c, but that of e. festucae was 20-25 degrees c. the optimal ph ranges for mycelial growth of n. ... | 2008 | 16962754 |
| interactions of neotyphodium gansuense, achnatherum inebrians, and plant-pathogenic fungi. | interactions of neotyphodium gansuense, achnatherum inebrians, and nine fungal pathogens were studied by tests of inhibition of four fungal pathogens by neotyphodium endophytes in vitro and by inoculation of nine fungal pathogens on detached leaves of endophyte-infected (e+) and endophyte-free (e-) plants. compared with the controls, most isolates of n. gansuense significantly inhibited the growth in vitro of, in decreasing order of inhibition, bipolaris sorokiniana, curvularia lunata, fusarium ... | 2007 | 17988846 |
| new neotyphodium endophyte species from the grass tribes stipeae and meliceae. | several species of achnatherum (grass tribe stipeae) and melica (tribe meliceae) typically are infected by nonpathogenic, seed-transmissible fungi with characteristics of neotyphodium species (anamorphic clavicipitaceae). molecular phylogenetic studies clearly have distinguished the endophytes from achnatherum inebrians (from xinjiang province, china), a. robustum and a. eminens (both from north america) and indicate that the a. inebrians endophyte comprises a unique nonhybrid lineage within the ... | 2007 | 18333513 |
| the biogeochemistry of selenium in sunan grassland, gansu, northwest china, casts doubt on the belief that marco polo reported selenosis for the first time in history. | in order to clarify the historic academic problem of whether or not livestock poisoning in ancient suzhou of northwest china, recorded by marco polo in 1295, was selenosis, this study deals with the biogeochemistry of selenium in sunan county in the hexi corridor, which is part of ancient suzhou in china. it was found that quite a number of farm animals had suffered from intoxication and died as a result of grazing poisonous grasses, mostly oxytropis dc, stellera chamaejasme, and achnatheru ineb ... | 2008 | 18351293 |
| taxonomy, diversity and origins of symbiotic endophytes of achnatherum sibiricum in the inner mongolia steppe of china. | we sampled five achnatherum sibiricum populations and documented the distribution and abundance of endophytes. in total, 438 fungal isolates were obtained. they were classified into 11 morphotypes based on growth rate and morphological characters including colonial morphology, the production of conidiogenous cells, conidial size and dimension on potato dextrose agar medium. both tub2 and actg sequences identified only a single product in all representative isolates from three dominant morphotype ... | 2009 | 19863662 |
| effects of cadmium stress on growth and anti-oxidative systems in achnatherum inebrians symbiotic with neotyphodium gansuense. | the effects of cadmium on biomass production and growth parameters of drunken horse grass (achnatherum inebrians) over an 8-week period were determined in a controlled-environment experiment. changes were determined for relative water content, anti-oxidative enzymes (i.e., catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod), and ascorbate peroxidase (apx)) and for h(2)o(2) content, as well as levels of proline, malondialdehyde (mda), and chlorophylls "a" and "b" present within leaves in ... | 2010 | 19939560 |
| [isolation, identification and insecticidal activity of endophyte from achnatherum inebrians]. | to study endophyte species of achnatherum inebrians and to screen strains with insecticidal activity against cotton insect. | 2010 | 20560358 |
| effects of cutting frequency and height on alkaloid production in endophyte-infected drunken horse grass (achnatherum inebrians). | an evaluation was performed on the influence of mowing height (2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 cm) and mowing frequency (weekly or fortnightly) on levels of ergot alkaloids (ergine and ergonovine) formed in drunken horse grass, achnatherum inebrians, grown under greenhouse conditions. samples were taken monthly and alkaloids were extracted and analyzed by reverse-phase hplc. alkaloid levels increased more or less linearly with plant age over the first four months following establishment. levels were higher in s ... | 2011 | 21706418 |
| isolation, characterization, and insecticidal activity of an endophyte of drunken horse grass, achnatherum inebrians. | abstract endophytic microorganisms reside within plant tissues and have often been found to promote plant growth. in this study, endophytic microorganisms were isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of healthy drunken horse grass, achnatherum inebrians (hance) keng (poales: poaceae), through the use of a grinding separation method and identified by a dual approach of morphological and physiological observation and 16s rrna gene-based (for bacteria) and internal transcribed sequence-ba ... | 2013 | 24784492 |
| modification of susceptible and toxic herbs on grassland disease. | recent research shows that continuous overgrazing not only causes grassland biodiversity to decline, but also causes light fungal disease. achnatherum inebrians is susceptible to fungal diseases and increases in prevalence during over grazing due its toxicity to livestock. this study aimed to examine the effects of a. inebrians on biological control organisms and levels of plant diseases in overgrazed grasslands in northwestern china. the results showed that a. inebrians plants were seriously in ... | 2016 | 27633060 |
| a toxic endophyte-infected grass helps reverse degradation and loss of biodiversity of over-grazed grasslands in northwest china. | overgrazing of china's grasslands is increasingly causing biodiversity to decline. in degenerated grasslands of northwest china endophyte (epichloё gansuensis) infected achnatherum inebrians (drunken horse grass) is becoming widely distributed because of its toxicity to livestock. in this study, we investigated the ecological consequences of endophyte toxicity in this native grass, at three sites in northwest china, by comparing seed production of plant species and arthropod abundance in overgra ... | 2015 | 26679518 |
| two distinct epichloë species symbiotic with achnatherum inebrians, drunken horse grass. | achnatherum inebrians, colloquially known as drunken horse grass, is associated with livestock toxicity in northern china. epichloë gansuensis (eg) was described from endophyte isolates from a. inebrians in sunan county, gansu province, whereas a morphologically distinct variety, e. gansuensis var. inebrians (ei), was described based on two isolates from a. inebrians seeds collected in urumqi county, xinjiang province. genome sequencing and alkaloid analyses also distinguish these taxa; the ei i ... | 2015 | 25911697 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of the volatile oil from epichloë gansuensis, endophyte-infected and non-infected achnatherum inebrians. | | 2015 | 25833804 |
| cytotoxic effect of ergot alkaloids in achnatherum inebrians infected by the neotyphodium gansuense endophyte. | ergonovine or ergonovinine was isolated from the aerial parts of endophyte (neotyphodium gansuense) infected (e+) drunken horse grass (achnatherum inebrians), neither of which existed in endophyte-free (e-) plants. both of these ergot alkaloids had a cytotoxic effect on animal smooth muscle cells and increased cell growth inhibition with greater concentrations, in a significantly (p < 0.05) positive correlation. the median inhibitory concentrations (ic50) for ergonovine and ergonovinine were 71. ... | 2014 | 24851700 |
| antifungal activity of petroleum ether extracts from achnatherum inebrians infected with neotyphodium gansuense. | | 2014 | 24849509 |
| [endophyte microbial community in achnatherum inebrians]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the composition and distribution variation of endophytic bacteria and fungi in achnatherum inebrians. | 2012 | 23289329 |
| a review of the most economically important poisonous plants to the livestock industry on temperate grasslands of china. | the majority of the literature on poisonous plant species in china is published in chinese and not available to the majority of interested researchers and grassland managers in other countries. therefore, a review of the chinese literature was conducted to summarize the occurrence of poisonous plant species on temperate grasslands in china. we reviewed the literature to obtain general information on poisonous species but focus on locoweeds (astragalus and oxytropis spp.), drunken horse grass [ac ... | 2013 | 23015535 |