| evaluation of urinary and serum metabolites in asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea) with calcium oxalate urolithiasis. | baseline renal function data was collected during 24-hr periods of feeding and fasting from three male and three female adult asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea) with calcium oxalate urolithiasis. urine was analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, and oxalate, and urinalyses were performed. there was no evidence of glucosuria, which has been previously reported in asian small-clawed otters with urolithiasis. urinary oxalate levels were quite high when compared with those of dogs and humans withou ... | 1999 | 10367644 |
| bovine tuberculosis in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea) in the republic of korea. | bovine tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis has a wide range of hosts including cattle and humans, but its incidence in otters is very rare. our report describes a case of bovine tuberculosis in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea). a deceased female otter ~2-3 years of age that was raised in an aquarium was submitted to the animal and plant quarantine agency (anyang, republic of korea) for autopsy in june 2013. following gross pathological examination, many white nodules were obser ... | 2015 | 26289719 |
| the drivers and functions of rock juggling in otters. | object play refers to the seemingly non-functional manipulation of inanimate items when in a relaxed state. in juveniles, object play may help develop skills to aid survival. however, why adults show object play remains poorly understood. we studied potential drivers and functions of the well-known object play behaviour of rock juggling in asian small-clawed (aonyx cinereus) and smooth-coated (lutrogale perspicillata) otters. these are closely related species, but asian small-clawed otters perfo ... | 2020 | 32537219 |
| osteoporosis in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinereus illiger, 1815). | osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that occurs in many mammals. our report describes osteoporosis in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinereus). gross, histological, and radiographic observations showed that all of the bones had numerous pockmarks on their surfaces. histologically, the pockmarks were filled with fibrous tissue without inflammation. however, the spongy bone was normal according to the histological and radiographic results. overall, the results showed that this was a case of ost ... | 2020 | 32009030 |
| management of nephrolithiasis by pyelotomy and pyeloscopy in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinereus). | a captive adult sexually intact female asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinereus) was evaluated because of diarrhea and signs of abdominal discomfort on arrival at the quarantine area of a zoological park. | 2019 | 31617803 |
| urolithiasis in free-ranging and captive otters (lutra lutra and aonyx cinerea) in europe. | between 1996 and 1998, 477 dead otters from different central european countries were examined for urolithiasis, including 449 free-ranging eurasian otters (lutra lutra) as well as 17 eurasian otters and 11 asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea) from captivity. in the free-ranging specimens, uroliths (sand or stones) were found in 105 animals (23.4%), with no significant difference (p = 0.77) between the sexes. uroliths were not present in any juveniles (n = 26) and urolithiasis was not consi ... | 2017 | 28920816 |
| xanthine nephrolithiasis in juvenile captive giant otters (pteronura brasiliensis). | nephrolithiasis has been reported in several aquatic mammals including bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus), small clawed otters (amblonyx cinereus), european river otters (lutra lutra), north american river otters (lontra canadensis), northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), florida manatees (trichechus manatus latirostris), and california sea lions (zalophus californianus). compositions of calculi in previous cases were predominantly calcium oxalate or ammonium acid urate. xanthi ... | 2020 | 31926528 |
| first report on gnathostoma vietnamicum le-van-hoa 1965 from urinary system of otters (aonyx cinerea, illiger) in thailand. | | 1973 | 4718130 |
| glucosuria associated with renal calculi in asian small-clawed otters. | urine from one female and 2 male asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea) with bilateral renal calculi, one female with unilateral calculi, and one nonaffected male were evaluated for abnormal urinary crystalloid excretion. one otter with bilateral renal calculi had cystic calculi composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate. the 2 affected males were littermates, as were the 2 affected females, but the 2 litters were from different parents. at the time of the study, the otters did not ... | 1985 | 4077626 |
| phylogenetic position of the japanese river otter lutra nippon inferred from the nucleotide sequence of 224 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. | a 224 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene has been amplified from a 30-year-old mummy-like specimen of the japanese river otter lutra nippon by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the amplified products were subcloned in the smal site of puc 18 and sequenced. the sequence was different from those of the congeneric eurasian otters lutra lutra (latvia) and lutra lutra (china) in 7-9 nucleotides, all of which were located at the third position of a codon and identified as transitional d ... | 1996 | 8940916 |
| antidog igg secondary antibody successfully detects igg in a variety of aquatic mammals. | serological tests play an important role in the detection of wildlife diseases. however, while there are many commercial assays and reagents available for domestic species, there is a need to develop efficient serological assays for wildlife. in recent years, marine mammals have represented a wildlife group with emerging infectious diseases, such as influenza, brucellosis, and leptospirosis. however, with the exception of disease-agent-specific assays or functional assays, few reports describe t ... | 2016 | 28080908 |
| phylogeography of the smooth-coated otter (lutrogale perspicillata): distinct evolutionary lineages and hybridization with the asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinereus). | we investigated the phylogeography of the smooth-coated otter (lutrogale perspicillata) to determine its spatial genetic structure for aiding an adaptive conservation management of the species. fifty-eight modern and 11 archival (dated 1882-1970) otters sampled from iraq to malaysian borneo were genotyped (mtdna cytochrome-b, 10 microsatellite dna loci). moreover, 16 aonyx cinereus (asian small-clawed otter) and seven lutra lutra (eurasian otter) were sequenced to increase information available ... | 2017 | 28128366 |
| clinical canine parvovirus type 2c infection in a group of asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea). | despite the occurrence of clinical disease in a wide range of carnivore hosts, only vague accounts of clinical canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) in any otter species have been reported in the literature. over the course of 25 days, nine asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea) presented for evaluation of inappetence, lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea. a diagnosis of canine parvovirus type 2c was made based on electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and dna sequencing of group fecal sample ... | 2015 | 25831584 |
| outbreak of canine parvovirus 2b and clostridium difficile infection in asian small-clawed otters. | a concurrent outbreak of infection by canine parvovirus 2b (cpv-2b) and clostridium difficile producing a and/or b toxins occurred in asian small-clawed otters (amblonyx cinereus). the 5 clinically affected otters were 6- to 24-mo-old intact females that had severe diarrhea, dehydration, were acutely comatose, and died 1-4 d after the onset of clinical signs. postmortem examination was performed in 3 of 7 otters. macroscopically, the small intestine was diffusely reddened and contained red-to-br ... | 2020 | 31551022 |
| urolith prevalence and risk factors in asian small-clawed otters ( aonyx cinereus). | uroliths (urinary stones) are routinely found in both domestic and exotic animals kept under human care. in zoos, asian small-clawed otters (ascos, aonyx cinereus) have been identified as being particularly prone to this disease. risk factors are thought to be nutritional; however, recommendations contradict each other, depending on which physiological model was used. our study aimed to determine the prevalence of uroliths in ascos under human care and to evaluate which feeding patterns and nutr ... | 2018 | 30592904 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of cystoisospora sp. from asian small-clawed otters aonyx cinereus. | in this study, we provide the first description of cystoisospora infection in asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinereus). in july 2017, three juvenile otters recently imported from the republic of indonesia showed severe diarrhea and were diagnosed with coccidial infection; two of them eventually died. fecal examination revealed the presence of numerous oocysts. sporulated oocysts showed typical cystoisospora features, measuring 24.6 ± 1.6 (22.0-27.0) × 21.8 ± 1.4 (19.0-25.0) μm, with an oocyst ... | 2018 | 30094175 |
| cyanide toxicosis in asian small-clawed otters (amblonyx cinereus) secondary to ingestion of loquat (eriobotrya japonica). | two asian small-clawed otters (amblonyx cinereus) died acutely in their exhibit within a 4-day period. neither animal had significant gross lesions at necropsy. histologic findings were consistent with acute vascular shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation, and a toxic etiology was suspected. the animals' exhibit contained opened, uneaten loquat (eriobotrya japonica) fruit with the seeds removed and large quantities of undigested loquat seed material in the feces of the remaining animal ... | 2002 | 12398304 |
| severe visceral pentastomiasis in an oriental small-clawed otter with functional thyroid carcinoma. | in january 2016, a 20-year-old female oriental small-clawed otter (aonyx cinereus) from night safari in singapore was euthanized and diagnosed with a thyroid gland carcinoma. postmortem examination and histology also revealed metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and severe visceral pentastomiasis. grossly, the lymph nodes were infested, and encapsulation was observed on the visceral serosal surface. histopathologically, the lymph nodes were encysted by a thick fibrous connective capsule with m ... | 2018 | 29311490 |
| liver lobe torsion in an oriental small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea). | | 2001 | 11266001 |
| paresis in an asian small clawed otter (aonyx cinereus) associated with vertebral and ischial osteolysis caused by a malignant lymphangiosarcoma. | a 10-yr-old male intact asian small clawed otter (aonyx cinerus) was presumptively diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry with lymphangiosarcoma after bony destruction of the ischium and spinal column from local tumor invasion had caused progressive signs of hind limb lameness and paresis/paralysis, which led to humane euthanasia. at necropsy, the primary tumor was identified as a flocculent mass present under the caudal lumbar vertebrae. multiple nerves were seen to run from the s ... | 2008 | 18634215 |
| social partner discrimination based on sounds and scents in asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinereus). | ability to discriminate familiar conspecifics is an essential competence in any group-living species, ensuring socio-spatial cohesion, but in many animals, such as mustelids, the relative importance of the different communicative modalities for discrimination is poorly understood. in otters, there is evidence of intra-specific variation in physical appearance and in feces chemical profile, but the potential for acoustic identity coding as well as for identity decoding in visual, acoustic and olf ... | 2013 | 23397263 |
| comparison of anesthesia with fully reversible dexmedetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam versus ketamine-midazolam in captive asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinereus). | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of dexmedetomidine, butorphanol, and midazolam administered im for anesthesia in captive asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinereus) and to compare this combination with a combination of ketamine and midazolam. | 2014 | 24344859 |
| monteggia lesion in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea). | a 10-yr-old female asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea) presented with a history of right forelimb lameness. antebrachial radiographs revealed a monteggia lesion, classified by cranial radial head luxation and distal diaphyseal ulnar fracture. open reduction with placement of an ulnar-radial positional screw was performed. the lateral collateral ligament was reconstructed using suture anchored by a condylar screw and bone tunnel in the radius. reduction and proper implant placement was confi ... | 2013 | 24450070 |
| a new subspecies identification and population study of the asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinereus) in malay peninsula and southern thailand based on fecal dna method. | three species of otter can be found throughout malay peninsula: aonyx cinereus, lutra sumatrana, and lutrogale perspicillata. in this study, we focused on the a. cinereus population that ranges from the southern and the east coast to the northern regions of malay peninsula up to southern thailand to review the relationships between the populations based on the mitochondrial d-loop region. forty-eight samples from six populations were recognized as johor, perak, terengganu, kelantan, ranong, and ... | 2014 | 24715812 |
| preliminary evidence for color stimuli discrimination in the asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea). | color discrimination ability can be determined through anatomy or perceptual ability. in this study we tested perceptual ability. three asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea), one male and two females, were trained via operant conditioning to discriminate stimuli within a training task. if they passed criteria for this task, they were tested on as many as six delayed matching-to-sample experimental tasks. these experimental tasks involved comparing varying saturations of the colors blue, gree ... | 2014 | 24788089 |
| splenic marginal zone lymphoma in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea). | severe splenomegaly was found during routine examination of a clinically normal 7-yr-old male asian small clawed otter. the spleen and three enlarged splenic lymph nodes were immediately removed. the spleen weighed 310 g (approximately 8% of body weight). the spleen and resected lymph nodes were diffusely infiltrated by coalescing sheets of neoplastic lymphocytes that occasionally surrounded remnants of preexisting lymphoid follicles. immunohistochemical confirmation of b lymphocyte origin and m ... | 2014 | 25314852 |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and endoscopic ureteral stent placement in an asian small-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea) with nephrolithiasis. | urolithiasis is a significant disease concern in asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea), with over 60% of captive animals affected. bilateral ureteral stent placement, using endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eswl) were performed as salvage procedures in a 13-yr-old intact female asian small-clawed otter following a 7-yr history of nephrolithiasis and progressive renal insufficiency. following the procedure, radiographs revealed a slight shifting ... | 2015 | 26056891 |
| vocal classification of vocalizations of a pair of asian small-clawed otters to determine stress. | asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea) are a small, protected but threatened species living in freshwater. they are gregarious and live in monogamous pairs for their lifetimes, communicating via scent and acoustic vocalizations. this study utilized a hidden markov model (hmm) to classify stress versus non-stress calls from a sibling pair under professional care. vocalizations were expertly annotated by keepers into seven contextual categories. four of these-aggression, separation anxiety, pai ... | 2015 | 26233050 |
| divergent skull morphology supports two trophic specializations in otters (lutrinae). | variation in terrestrial mammalian skull morphology is known to constrain feeding performance, which in turn influences dietary habits and ultimately fitness. among mustelids, otters have evolved two feeding specializations: underwater raptorial capture of prey (mouth-oriented) and capture of prey by hand (hand-oriented), both of which have likely associations with morphology and bite performance. however, feeding biomechanics and performance data for otters are sparse. the first goal of this st ... | 2015 | 26649575 |
| morphology of the lingual papillae of the asian short-clawed otter. | we examined the dorsal lingual surface of an adult asian short-clawed otter (aonyx cinerea) by using scanning electron microscopy. the filiform papilla on the lingual apex had some pointed processes. the connective tissue core of the filiform papillae consisted of several rod-like processes, and the connective tissue core with a long process was rarely observed. the filiform papilla on the lingual body had several pointed processes and the fungiform papilla had smooth surface. the connective tis ... | 2016 | 28216538 |
| social learning in otters. | the use of information provided by others to tackle life's challenges is widespread, but should not be employed indiscriminately if it is to be adaptive. evidence is accumulating that animals are indeed selective and adopt 'social learning strategies'. however, studies have generally focused on fish, bird and primate species. here we extend research on social learning strategies to a taxonomic group that has been neglected until now: otters (subfamily lutrinae). we collected social association d ... | 2017 | 28878997 |
| cooperative problem solving in giant otters (pteronura brasiliensis) and asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea). | cooperative problem solving has gained a lot of attention over the past two decades, but the range of species studied is still small. this limits the possibility of understanding the evolution of the socio-cognitive underpinnings of cooperation. lutrinae show significant variations in socio-ecology, but their cognitive abilities are not well studied. in the first experimental study of otter social cognition, we presented two species-giant otters and asian small-clawed otters-with a cooperative p ... | 2017 | 28840405 |
| nephrectomy in an asian small-clawed otter (amblonyx cinereus) with pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis secondary to ureteral obstruction. | a 10-yr-old, captive, intact male asian small-clawed otter (amblonyx cinereus) with a history of bilateral nephrolithiasis was presented for acute-onset lethargy and inappetance of 5 days duration. on physical examination, the otter was about 8% dehydrated and a palpable fluid wave was present in the abdomen. an abdominal ultrasound revealed hydronephrosis of the left kidney and a hyperechoic structure present within the lumen of the left ureter, causing an obstruction. a urinalysis revealed str ... | 2014 | 25314845 |