| inner ear morphological correlates of ultrasonic hearing in frogs. | three species of anuran amphibians (odorrana tormota, odorrana livida and huia cavitympanum) have recently been found to detect ultrasounds. we employed immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy to examine several morphometrics of the inner ear of these ultrasonically sensitive species. we compared morphological data collected from the ultrasound-detecting species with data from rana pipiens, a frog with a typical anuran upper cut-off frequency of ∼3 khz. in addition, we examined the ears of ... | 2012 | 22146424 |
| auditory response characteristics of the piebald odorous frog and their implications. | the piebald odorous frog (odorrana schmackeri), the large odorous frog (odorrana livida) and the concave-eared torrent frog (amolops tormotus) are sympatric species living near the same torrent streams in the vicinity of mt. huangshan, china. a recent study demonstrated that a. tormotus can use sound signals involving ultrasonic components for communication in a noisy environment, and another sympatric species, o. livida, can also perceive ultrasonic sound. here we report data on the hearing ran ... | 2006 | 16583231 |
| [comparison of mating calls and adaptive strategies of amolops wuyiensis and odorrana tormotus (anura) in noise-controlled environments]. | in order to understand the acoustic characteristics and adaptive strategies of sympatric male amolops wuyiensis and male odorrana tormotus in environments controlled for high noise levels, we recorded and analyzed the advertisement calls produced by individual males during breeding season. the results show that a. wuyiensis produced a single type of call composed of variable syllables (from 3 to 6 syllables) with 2~10 pulses over different time periods. the average values of call duration, domin ... | 2013 | 23775995 |
| ultrasonic frogs show hyperacute phonotaxis to female courtship calls. | sound communication plays a vital role in frog reproduction, in which vocal advertisement is generally the domain of males. females are typically silent, but in a few anuran species they can produce a feeble reciprocal call or rapping sounds during courtship. males of concave-eared torrent frogs (odorrana tormota) have demonstrated ultrasonic communication capacity. although females of o. tormota have an unusually well-developed vocal production system, it is unclear whether or not they produce ... | 2008 | 18469804 |
| old world frog and bird vocalizations contain prominent ultrasonic harmonics. | several groups of mammals such as bats, dolphins and whales are known to produce ultrasonic signals which are used for navigation and hunting by means of echolocation, as well as for communication. in contrast, frogs and birds produce sounds during night- and day-time hours that are audible to humans; their sounds are so pervasive that together with those of insects, they are considered the primary sounds of nature. here we show that an old world frog (amolops tormotus) and an oscine songbird (a ... | 2004 | 15000202 |
| complete genome sequence of a divergent strain of tibetan frog hepatitis b virus associated with a concave-eared torrent frog (odorrana tormota). | viruses of the family hepadnaviridae are characterized by partially dsdna circular genomes of approximately 3.2 kb, which are reverse transcribed from rna intermediates. hepadnaviruses have a broad host range, which includes humans (hepatitis b virus), other mammals (genus orthohepadnavirus), and birds (genus avihepadnavirus). the known host specificity of hepadnaviruses has been expanded by reports of new viruses infecting fish, amphibians, and reptiles. tibetan frog hepatitis b virus (tfhbv) w ... | 2019 | 30923967 |
| auditory sexual difference in the large odorous frog odorrana graminea. | acoustic communication is an important behavior in frog courtship. male and female frogs of most species, except the concave-eared torrent frog odorrana tormota, have largely similar audiograms. the large odorous frogs (odorrana graminea) are sympatric with o. tormota, but have no ear canals. the difference in hearing between two sexes of the frog is unknown. we recorded auditory evoked near-field potentials and single-unit responses from the auditory midbrain (the torus semicircularis) to deter ... | 2014 | 24510208 |
| pure ultrasonic communication in an endemic bornean frog. | huia cavitympanum, an endemic bornean frog, is the first amphibian species known to emit exclusively ultrasonic (i.e., >20 khz) vocal signals. to test the hypothesis that these frogs use purely ultrasonic vocalizations for intraspecific communication, we performed playback experiments with male frogs in their natural calling sites. we found that the frogs respond with increased calling to broadcasts of conspecific calls containing only ultrasound. the field study was complemented by electrophysi ... | 2009 | 19401782 |
| ultrasonic signalling by a bornean frog. | among anuran amphibians, only two species, odorrana tormota and huia cavitympanum, are known to possess recessed tympanic membranes. odorrana tormota is the first non-mammalian vertebrate demonstrated to communicate with ultrasonic frequencies (above 20 khz), and the frogs' sunken tympana are hypothesized to play a key role in their high-frequency hearing sensitivity. here we present the first data on the vocalizations of h. cavitympanum. we found that this species emits extraordinarily high-fre ... | 2008 | 18029296 |
| ultrasonic communication in frogs. | among vertebrates, only microchiropteran bats, cetaceans and some rodents are known to produce and detect ultrasounds (frequencies greater than 20 khz) for the purpose of communication and/or echolocation, suggesting that this capacity might be restricted to mammals. amphibians, reptiles and most birds generally have limited hearing capacity, with the ability to detect and produce sounds below approximately 12 khz. here we report evidence of ultrasonic communication in an amphibian, the concave- ... | 2006 | 16541072 |
| vocal acrobatics in a chinese frog, amolops tormotus. | although amphibians are highly vocal, they generally emit only a limited number of acoustic communication signals. we report here the extraordinarily rich vocal repertoire of amolops tormotus, a ranid species in china. these frogs produce countless vocalizations, some of which share features of birdsong or primate calls, e.g., ultrasonic frequency components, multiple upward and downward fm sweeps, and sudden onset and offset of selective harmonic components within a call note. frame-by-frame vi ... | 2002 | 12435035 |
| ultrasonic communication in concave-eared torrent frogs (amolops tormotus). | the concave-eared torrent frogs (amolops tormotus) have highly unusual ear morphology--in males the eardrums are embedded deep inside ear cavities. in collaboration with our colleagues we investigated the functional significance of this morphological feature in hearing. sound recordings in the field showed that males of a. tormotus produce diverse bird-like melodic calls with pronounced frequency modulations and non-linear phenomena (e.g., frequency jumps, different orders of subharmonics, and c ... | 2008 | 18228079 |
| rearrangement of a mitochondrial trna gene of the concave-eared torrent frog, amolops tormotus. | in this study, the complete nucleotide sequence (17,962 bp) of the mitochondrial dna of amolops tormotus was determined using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the gene content, base composition and codon usage of a. tormotus conformed to those of typical vertebrate patterns. among 22 trnas, the novel position of the trna-his gene was in the d-loop region, which was a novel mtdna gene rearrangement in amphibians. phylogenetic analyses were based on a 885-bp sequence of 12s and 16s rrna for specie ... | 2007 | 17368759 |
| voices of the dead: complex nonlinear vocal signals from the larynx of an ultrasonic frog. | most anurans are highly vocal but their vocalizations are stereotyped and simple with limited repertoire sizes compared with other vocal vertebrates, presumably because of the limited mechanisms for fine vocal motor control. we recently reported that the call of the concaveeared torrent frog (amolops tormotus fei) is an exception in its seemingly endless variety, musical warbling quality, extension of call frequency into the ultrasonic range and the prominence of subharmonics, chaos and other no ... | 2006 | 17142687 |
| comparison of intestinal microbes in female and male chinese concave-eared frogs (odorrana tormota) and effect of nematode infection on gut bacterial communities. | the chinese concave-eared frog (odorrana tormota) is a rare and threatened species with remarkable sexual dimorphism. intestinal microbes are understood to play important roles in animal physiology, growth, ecology, and evolution. however, little is known about the intestinal microbes in female and male frogs, as well as the contributing effect by gut infesting nematodes to the co-habiting bacteria and their function in degradation food rich in chitin. here, this study analyzed the microbiota of ... | 2019 | 30311422 |
| integrated analysis of mrna and mirna expression profiles reveals muscle growth differences between adult female and male chinese concave-eared frogs (odorrana tormota). | the chinese concave-eared torrent frog (odorrana tormota) is the first known non-mammalian vertebrate that can communicate using ultrasound. in this species, females are approximately four times as large as males, in which the female growth rate is obviously higher than that of male. until now, the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle growth development differences between male and female frogs have not been reported. here, we integrated mrna and mirna expression profiles to reveal growth diff ... | 2018 | 30103010 |
| vocalizations of female frogs contain nonlinear characteristics and individual signatures. | anuran vocalization is sexually dimorphic, with males doing the bulk of vocalizing. female vocalization is rare and has been observed in a handful of species, including the concave-eared torrent frog (odorrana tormota). females o. tormota have been reported to emit moderate-level calls to attract males. in contrast to males, female's vocal signals show no evidence of nonlinear phenomena (nlp). however, with females emitting calls so infrequently that this conclusion must be considered tentative ... | 2017 | 28358859 |
| the lombard effect in male ultrasonic frogs: regulating antiphonal signal frequency and amplitude in noise. | acoustic communication in noisy environments presents a significant challenge for vocal animals because noise can interfere with animal acoustic signals by decreasing signal-to-noise ratios and masking signals. birds and mammals increase call intensity or frequency as noise levels increase, but it is unclear to what extend this behavior is shared by frogs. concave-eared torrent frogs (odorrana tormota) have evolved the capacity to produce various calls containing ultrasonic harmonics and to comm ... | 2016 | 27345957 |
| heterogeneity of vocal sac inflation patterns in odorrana tormota plays a role in call diversity. | male concave-eared torrent frogs (odorrana tormota) can emit at least eight distinct call-types. however, the mechanisms by which they are produced are not fully understood. anatomical analysis revealed that the vocal sacs of male o. tormota comprise two physically distinct compartments (pars lateralis and pars ventralis), residing on two sides of the vocal slits. the goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the two compartments play a role in the production of the diverse call- ... | 2016 | 27036239 |
| ultrasonic frogs call at a higher pitch in noisier ambiance. | the ultrasonic communication in concave-eared torrent frogs odorrana tormota is believed to be an adaptation to avoid masking by the intense low-frequency noise of the rushing stream in their habitat. the acoustic adaptation hypothesis for ultrasonic origin predicts that some organisms subjecting to persistent acoustic interference from broadband, low-frequency environmental noise, might shift their signal frequency upward into frequency bands with lower noise energy. in other words, low-frequen ... | 2015 | 32256536 |
| little effect of natural noise on high-frequency hearing in frogs, odorrana tormota. | ambient noise influences acoustic communication in animals. the concave-eared frogs (odorrana tormota) produce high-frequency sound signals to avoid potential masking from noise. however, whether environmental noise has effect on the high-frequency hearing of frogs is largely unclear. by measuring the auditory evoked near-field potentials (aenfps) from the torus semicircularis of the midbrain at frequencies 1-23 khz in the presence of three noise levels, we found no significant difference in the ... | 2015 | 26260392 |
| an endemic frog harbors multiple expression loci with different patterns of variation in the mhc class ii b gene. | the chinese concave-eared torrent frog (odorrana tormota) was the first non-mammalian vertebrate demonstrated to both produce and perceive ultrasonic frequencies. due to habitat degradation caused by human activity, currently, the species is at the edge of extinction. in this study, we demonstrated that the species harbors at least four expressed major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii b loci. four distinct intron 2 sequences and three intron 1 sequences were isolated from genomic dna. a ... | 2013 | 23900979 |
| ultrasonic frogs show extraordinary sex differences in auditory frequency sensitivity. | acoustic communication has an important role in the reproductive behaviour of anurans. although males of the concave-eared frog (odorrana tormota) have shown an ultrasonic communication capacity adapted to the intense, predominately low-frequency ambient noise from local streams, whether the females communicate with ultrasound remains unclear. here we present evidence that females exhibit no ultrasonic sensitivity. acoustic playback experiments show that the calls from male evoke phonotaxis and ... | 2011 | 21673663 |
| ultrasound-evoked immediate early gene expression in the brainstem of the chinese torrent frog, odorrana tormota. | the concave-eared torrent frog, odorrana tormota, has evolved the extraordinary ability to communicate ultrasonically (i.e., using frequencies > 20 khz), and electrophysiological experiments have demonstrated that neurons in the frog's midbrain (torus semicircularis) respond to frequencies up to 34 khz. however, at this time, it is unclear which region(s) of the torus and what other brainstem nuclei are involved in the detection of ultrasound. to gain insight into the anatomical substrate of ult ... | 2011 | 21298385 |
| embryonic development of the concave-eared torrent frog with its significance on taxonomy. | we investigated the early embryonic and larval development of the concave-eared torrent frogs, odorrana tormota (amphibia, anura, ranidae). embryos were derived from artificial fertilization of frogs' eggs, and the staging of development was based on morphological and physiological characteristics. two major periods of development were designated: i) early embryonic period, from fertilization to operculum completion stage, lasted for 324 h at water temperature (wt) 18 - 23degree; ii) larval peri ... | 2010 | 20979251 |
| active control of ultrasonic hearing in frogs. | vertebrates can modulate the sound levels entering their inner ears in the face of intense external sound or during their own vocalizations. middle ear muscle contractions restrain the motion of the middle ear ossicles, attenuating the transmission of low-frequency sound and thereby protecting the hair cells in the inner ear. here we show that the chinese concave-eared torrent frog, odorrana tormota, can tune its ears dynamically by closing its normally open eustachian tubes. contrary to the bel ... | 2008 | 18658240 |
| molecular characterization, expression analysis of myostatin gene and its negative regulation by mir-29b-3p in chinese concave-eared frogs (odorrana tormota). | the molecular characteristics, expression patterns and functions of the amphibian myostatin (mstn) gene are unknown. here, we isolated a full-length odorrana tormota mstn cdna sequence of 1701 bp (ot-mstn), containing a putative n-terminal signal peptide, a tgf-β propeptide domain and an active peptide. ot-mstn was expressed in 9 selected tissues examined, and the highest level of expression was in thigh muscle, followed by brain and female gonadal tissue. the expression of ot-mstn in multiple o ... | 2020 | 31676334 |
| integrated mrna and mirna expression profile analyses reveal the potential roles of sex-biased mirna-mrna pairs in gonad tissues of the chinese concave-eared torrent frog (odorrana tormota). | the chinese concave-eared torrent frog (odorrana tormota) is typically sexually dimorphic. females are significantly less common than males in the wild. until now, the molecular mechanisms of reproduction and sex differentiation of frogs remain unclear. here, we integrated mrna and microrna (mirna) expression profiles to reveal the molecular mechanisms of reproduction and sex differentiation in o. tormota. we identified 234 differentially expressed mirnas (dems) and 18,551 differentially express ... | 2019 | 30964604 |
| a frog-derived immunomodulatory peptide promotes cutaneous wound healing by regulating cellular response. | wound healing-promoting peptides exhibit excellent therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. however, amphibian-derived wound healing-promoting peptides and their mechanism of action remain to be further elucidated. we hereby characterized a wound healing-promoting peptide, ot-whp, derived from chinese concave-eared frog odorrana tormota. it efficiently promoted wound healing in a mouse model of full-thickness wounds. ot-whp significantly increased the number of neutrophils in wounds, and ... | 2019 | 31681309 |