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ebolavirus and other filoviruses.since ebola fever emerged in central africa in 1976, a number of studies have been undertaken to investigate its natural history and to characterize its transmission from a hypothetical reservoir host(s) to humans. this research has comprised investigations on a variety of animals and their characterization as intermediate, incidental, amplifying, reservoir, or vector hosts. a viral transmission chain was recently unveiled after a long absence of epidemic ebola fever. animal trapping missions we ...200717848072
spatial and temporal patterns of zaire ebolavirus antibody prevalence in the possible reservoir bat species.to characterize the distribution of zaire ebolavirus (zebov) infection within the 3 bat species (epomops franqueti, hypsignathus monstrosus, and myonycteris torquata) that are possible reservoirs, we collected 1390 bats during 2003-2006 in gabon and the republic of the congo. detection of zebov immunoglobulin g (igg) in 40 specimens supports the role of these bat species as the zebov reservoirs. zebov igg prevalence rates (5%) were homogeneous across epidemic and nonepidemic regions during outbr ...200717940947
large serological survey showing cocirculation of ebola and marburg viruses in gabonese bat populations, and a high seroprevalence of both viruses in rousettus aegyptiacus.ebola and marburg viruses cause highly lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans. recently, bats of multiple species have been identified as possible natural hosts of zaire ebolavirus (zebov) in gabon and republic of congo, and also of marburgvirus (marv) in gabon and democratic republic of congo.200919785757
comparative phylogeography of african fruit bats (chiroptera, pteropodidae) provide new insights into the outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa, 2014-2016.both ebolavirus and marburgvirus were detected in several fruit bat species of the family pteropodidae, suggesting that this taxon plays a key role in the life cycle of filoviruses. after four decades of zaire ebolavirus (zebov) outbreaks in central africa, the virus was detected for the first time in west africa in 2014. to better understand the role of fruit bats as potential reservoirs and circulating hosts between central and west africa, we examine here the phylogeny and comparative phyloge ...201727746072
broad and temperature independent replication potential of filoviruses on cells derived from old and new world bat species.filoviruses are strongly associated with several species of bats as their natural reservoirs. in this study, we determined the replication potential of all filovirus species: marburg marburgvirus, taï forest ebolavirus, reston ebolavirus, sudan ebolavirus, zaire ebolavirus, and bundibugyo ebolavirus. filovirus replication was supported by all cell lines derived from 6 old and new world bat species: the hammer-headed fruit bat, buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat, the egyptian fruit bat, the jamai ...201627354372
characterization of african bat henipavirus gh-m74a glycoproteins.in recent years, novel henipavirus-related sequences have been identified in bats in africa. to evaluate the potential of african bat henipaviruses to spread in non-bat mammalian cells, we compared the biological functions of the surface glycoproteins g and f of the prototype african henipavirus gh-m74a with those of the glycoproteins of nipah virus (niv), a well-characterized pathogenic member of the henipavirus genus. glycoproteins are central determinants for virus tropism, as efficient bindi ...201424296468
attachment protein g of an african bat henipavirus is differentially restricted in chiropteran and nonchiropteran cells.henipaviruses are associated with pteropodid reservoir hosts. the glycoproteins g and f of an african henipavirus (strain m74) have been reported to induce syncytium formation in kidney cells derived from a hypsignathus monstrosus bat (hypni/1.1) but not in nonchiropteran bhk-21 and vero76 cells. here, we show that syncytia are also induced in two other pteropodid cell lines from hypsignathus monstrosus and eidolon helvum bats upon coexpression of the m74 glycoproteins. the g protein was transpo ...201425100832
surface glycoproteins of an african henipavirus induce syncytium formation in a cell line derived from an african fruit bat, hypsignathus monstrosus.serological screening and detection of genomic rna indicates that members of the genus henipavirus are present not only in southeast asia but also in african fruit bats. we demonstrate that the surface glycoproteins f and g of an african henipavirus (m74) induce syncytium formation in a kidney cell line derived from an african fruit bat, hypsignathus monstrosus. despite a less broad cell tropism, the m74 glycoproteins show functional similarities to glycoproteins of nipah virus.201324067951
[bats and other reservoir hosts of filoviridae. danger of epidemic on the african continent?--a deductive literature analysis].ebola and marburg virus, forming the filoviridae family, cause hemorrhagic fever in countries of sub-saharan africa. these viral diseases are characterized by a sudden epidemic occurrence as well as a high lethality. even though a reservoir host has not been approved yet, literature indicates the order of bats (chiroptera) as a potential reservoir host. significant references lead to a delineation of a hypothetical ecosystem of filoviridae including chiroptera. igg-specific ebola-zaire antibodie ...201020924703
[hepatocystis of hypsignathus monstrosus (pteropinae) in gabon. ii. description of hepatocystis carpenteri n. sp (author's transl)].hepatocystis carpenteri n. sp. parasite of hypsignathus monstrosus in gabon is different from hepatocystis epomophori and hepatocystis brosseti, parasitic in other african megachiroptera. h. carpenteri has bigger intrahepatic schizonts and a wall with a spongy appearance which has not been seen in other hepatocystis.20066784655
highly diverse and antimicrobial susceptible escherichia coli display a naïve bacterial population in fruit bats from the republic of congo.bats are suspected to be a reservoir of several bacterial and viral pathogens relevant to animal and human health, but studies on escherichia coli in these animals are sparse. we investigated the presence of e. coli in tissue samples (liver, lung and intestines) collected from 50 fruit bats of five different species (eidolon helvum, epomops franqueti, hypsignathus monstrosus, myonycteris torquata, rousettus aegyptiacus) of two different areas in the republic of congo between 2009 and 2010. to as ...201728700648
retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in african megachiropterans: influence of roosting microhabitat and foraging.megachiropteran bats (megabats) show remarkable diversity in microhabitat occupation and trophic specializations, but information on how vision relates to their behavioral ecology is scarce. using stereology and retinal wholemounts, we measured the topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells and determined the spatial resolution of eight african megachiropterans with distinct roosting and feeding ecologies. we found that species roosting in open microhabitats have a pronounced streak of h ...201727277932
hepatocystis in hypsignathus monstrosus (pteropinea) in gaboon i. hepatocystis malaria in a hammerhead bat population in gaboon, west africa.blood smears from 142 hypsignathus monstrosus collected from one site in gaboon were examined; 139 bats showed hepatocystis infection; it seems that all animals have acquired hepatocystis infection by the time they are 6 months of age. intensity of parasitemias varies according to age, sex and for females to their reproductive status.19817258993
a metaanalysis of bat phylogenetics and positive selection based on genomes and transcriptomes from 18 species.historically, the evolution of bats has been analyzed using a small number of genetic loci for many species or many genetic loci for a few species. here we present a phylogeny of 18 bat species, each of which is represented in 1,107 orthologous gene alignments used to build the tree. we generated a transcriptome sequence of hypsignathus monstrosus, the african hammer-headed bat, and additional transcriptome sequence for rousettus aegyptiacus, the egyptian fruit bat. we then combined these data w ...201931113885
survey of ebola viruses in frugivorous and insectivorous bats in guinea, cameroon, and the democratic republic of the congo, 2015-2017.to clarify the role of bats in the ecology of ebola viruses, we assessed the prevalence of ebola virus antibodies in a large-scale sample of bats collected during 2015-2017 from countries in africa that have had previous ebola outbreaks (guinea, the democratic republic of the congo) or are at high risk for outbreaks (cameroon). we analyzed 4,022 blood samples of bats from >12 frugivorous and 27 insectivorous species; 2-37 (0.05%-0.92%) bats were seropositive for zaire and 0-30 (0%-0.75%) bats fo ...201830307845
lek-associated movement of a putative ebolavirus reservoir, the hammer-headed fruit bat (hypsignathus monstrosus), in northern republic of congo.the biology and ecology of africa's largest fruit bat remains largely understudied and enigmatic despite at least two highly unusual attributes. the acoustic lek mating behavior of the hammer-headed bat (hypsignathus monstrosus) in the congo basin was first described in the 1970s. more recently molecular testing implicated this species and other african bats as potential reservoir hosts for ebola virus and it was one of only two fruit bat species epidemiologically linked to the 2008 luebo, democ ...201931574111
increased genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolated from companion animals.the aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) that originated from austrian companion animals during the last five-year period. a total of 90 non-repetitive mrsa isolates were obtained during diagnostic activities from autumn 2013 to autumn 2018. they originated from horses (n = 62), cats (n = 13), dogs (n = 10), rabbits (n = 2), a domestic canary, a zoo-kept hammer-headed bat (hypsignathus monstrosus) and a semi-captive north ...201931282369
diverse rna viruses of arthropod origin in the blood of fruit bats suggest a link between bat and arthropod viromes.bats host diverse viruses due to their unique ecology, behavior, and immunology. however, the role of other organisms with which bats interact in nature is understudied as a contributor to bat viral diversity. we discovered five viruses in the blood of fruit bats (hypsignathus monstrosus) from the republic of congo. of these five viruses, four have phylogenetic and genomic features suggesting an arthropod origin (a dicistrovirus, a nodavirus, and two tombus-like viruses), while the fifth (a hepa ...201930576861
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