| a pcr system for detection of species and genotypes of the echinococcus granulosus-complex, with reference to the epidemiological situation in eastern africa. | we describe the development of a specific and sensitive pcr/semi-nested pcr system for the rapid diagnosis of echinococcus granulosus genotype g1, e. granulosus genotype g6/7, and echinococcus ortleppi (g5). diagnosis of g1 and the group g5/6/7 is performed by a simple pcr, while discrimination between e. ortleppi (g5) and g6/7 involves a subsequent semi-nested pcr step. the target sequence for amplification is part of the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene. specificity of the pcrs was 100% when evalua ... | 2004 | 15064129 |
| echinococcus granulosus cattle strain identification in an autochthonous case of cystic echinococcosis in central mexico. | echinococcosis is a frequent hepatic parasitic disease in several countries but it is practically absent in mexico. a cattle strain of echinococcus granulosus was identified by rapd, pcr-rflp and mitochondrial co1 gene analysis in an autochthonous case. the parasite was obtained after a laparoscopic excision of a liver cyst from a patient that was symptomatic for 6 years but mis-diagnosed before hospitalization. | 2004 | 15533292 |
| the present situation of echinococcosis in europe. | the taxonomy of echinococcus is presently undergoing major changes, the paraphyletic echinococcus granulosus being split into several distinct species. in this review, an attempt is made to assess the present epidemiological situation in europe separately for each species (echinococcus multilocularis, echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, echinococcus equinus, echinococcus ortleppi, and echinococcus sp.). for e. multilocularis, an increasing density of infected host animals is apparent in centr ... | 2006 | 16352465 |
| epidemiology and control of echinococcosis in sub-saharan africa. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is highly endemic among the nomadic pastoral tribes of east africa, but is rare amongst the agriculturally based communities. echinococcus granulosus infections are common in dogs from all countries in sub-saharan africa where they have been examined. transmission of e. granulosus to humans is affected by such factors as prevalence of the parasite in domestic dogs, behaviors of humans towards dogs, and heterogenicity of the parasite and susceptibility of humans to infe ... | 2006 | 16406684 |
| genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of echinococcus felidis (cestoda: taeniidae) from the african lion. | echinococcus felidis had been described in 1937 from african lions, but was later included in echinococcus granulosus as a subspecies or a strain. in the absence of any genetic characterization, most previous records of this taxon from a variety of large african mammals remained unconfirmed due to the lack of diagnostic criteria and the possible confusion with the sympatric e. granulosus sensu stricto, echinococcus ortleppi and echinococcus canadensis. in this study, we obtained taeniid eggs fro ... | 2008 | 18062973 |
| echinococcus ortleppi and e. granulosus g1, g2 and g3 genotypes in italian bovines. | to increase the knowledge on echinococcus genotypes infesting cattle and water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) born and bred in italy, the germinal layer of hydatid cysts was collected from the liver and the lungs of 80 animals slaughtered in 2007. two mitochondrial genes (the cytochrome c oxidase subunit i and the nadh subunit i) were tested by pcr. four genotypes were identified: g1 (sheep strain), g2 (tasmanian sheep strain), g3 (buffalo strain), and g5 (cattle strain). fertile cysts were detecte ... | 2008 | 18514422 |
| an evaluation of antigen b family of echinococcus granulosus, its conformational propensity and elucidation of the agretope. | the present communication evaluates the antigen b (agb) family of bubaline isolates of echinococcus granulosus with respect to their conformational propensity and also discusses the stretches of agretope. agb, which is abundantly present in hydatid cyst fluid, is encoded by a gene family, agb1-agb5. hydatidosis is of zoonotic and economic importance in india. buffaloes serve as the intermediate host. however, to date the agb family has not been fully analysed. during the present study two differ ... | 2009 | 19102812 |
| molecular and morphological characterisation of echinococcus from food producing animals in india. | in view of the medical, veterinary and economic importance of hydatid disease in india, our study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotypes of echinococcus present in domestic livestock in india. out of 21,861 animals examined, cattle were found with the highest prevalence of hydatid cysts (5.10%) followed by buffaloes (3.81%), pigs (0.87%) and sheep (0.075%). phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome oxidase-1 gene revealed that the buffalo strain or g3 genotype was the predominant genotype ... | 2009 | 19632783 |
| a molecular survey of cystic echinococcosis in sudan. | a survey of cystic echinococcosis in livestock was conducted from may 2001 to july 2003 in central, western and southern sudan. hydatid cysts were present in 59% (466/779) of camels, 6% (299/4893) of cattle, 11% (1180/10,422) of sheep and 2% (106/5565) of goats, with little variation among different geographical areas. 532 of these cysts were examined by pcr and could be overwhelmingly (98.7%) allocated to echinococcus canadensis g6/7 (all of 215 cysts from camels, 112 of 114 cysts from cattle, ... | 2010 | 20138433 |
| infection of humans and animals with echinococcus granulosus (g1 and g3 strains) and e. ortleppi in southern brazil. | the rio grande do sul state, in southern brazil, is one of the foci of human cystic echinococcosis (ce). the sheep strain (g1) of echinococcus granulosus and echinococcus ortleppi (also known as cattle strain g5) have been reported before to infect livestock. however, up to the present, no molecular data are available on isolates of the e. granulosus complex from humans and dogs. the present study analyzed hydatid cysts from 6 ce patients and adult worms from 12 dogs. sequencing of the mitochond ... | 2010 | 21273000 |
| a real-time multiplex-nested pcr system for coprological diagnosis of echinococcus multilocularis and host species. | a hybridization probe-based real-time multiplex-nested pcr system was developed for the simultaneous detection of echinococcus multilocularis and host species directly from faecal samples. species identification was determined by melting curve analysis. specificity was assessed by using dna extracted from various cestodes (e. multilocularis, echinococcus granulosus (g1), echinococcus ortleppi, echinococcus canadensis (g6, g7), taenia crassiceps, taenia hydatigena, taenia mustelae, taenia pisifor ... | 2011 | 21327991 |
| molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from farm animals in egypt. | little is known on the diversity and public health significance of echinococcus species in livestock in egypt. in this study, 37 individual hydatid cysts were collected from dromedary camels (n=28), sheep (n=7) and buffalos (n=2). dna was extracted from protoscoleces/germinal layer of individual cysts and amplified by pcr targeting nuclear (actin ii) and mitochondrial (cox1 and nad1) genes. direct sequencing of amplicons indicated the presence of echinococcus canadenesis (g6 genotype) in 26 of 2 ... | 2015 | 25760944 |
| global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. | alveolar echinococcosis (ae) and cystic echinococcosis (ce) are severe helminthic zoonoses. echinococcus multilocularis (causative agent of ae) is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere where it is typically maintained in a wild animal cycle including canids as definitive hosts and rodents as intermediate hosts. the species echinococcus granulosus, echinococcus ortleppi, echinococcus canadensis and echinococcus intermedius are the causative agents of ce with a worldwide distribution and a ... | 2017 | 28131365 |
| ecology and life cycle patterns of echinococcus species. | the genus echinococcus is composed of eight generally recognized species and one genotypic cluster (echinococcus canadensis cluster) that may in future be resolved into one to three species. for each species, we review existing information on transmission routes and life cycles in different geographical contexts and - where available - include basic biological information of parasites and hosts (e.g., susceptibility of host species). while some echinococcus spp. are transmitted in life cycles th ... | 2017 | 28131364 |
| phylogenetic pattern, evolutionary processes and species delimitation in the genus echinococcus. | an accurate and stable alpha taxonomy requires a clear conception of what constitutes a species and agreed criteria for delimiting different species. an evolutionary or general lineage concept defines a species as a single lineage of organisms with a common evolutionary trajectory, distinguishable from other such lineages. delimiting evolutionary species is a two-step process. in the first step, phylogenetic reconstruction identifies putative species as groups of organisms that are monophyletic ... | 2017 | 28131362 |
| echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, echinococcus canadensis (g7), and echinococcus ortleppi in fertile hydatid cysts isolated from cattle in southern brazil. | echinococcosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic infection that affects humans and animals. the aim of this study was to identify and characterize the fertile hydatid cysts from bovine viscera in order to verify different species and/or genotypes present in southern brazil. firstly, cysts were collected from a slaughterhouse, which received animals from different regions of rio grande do sul state (rs), considered an important area of occurrence of cystic echinococcosis. in total, 2396 cysts were analy ... | 2016 | 27554941 |
| first study about the development of adult echinococcus canadensis g6 genotype of goat origin in experimentally infected dogs. | echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (e. granulosus sl) must be considered as a species complex, comprising echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (e. granulosus ss, genotypes g1-g3), echinococcus equinus (g4), echinococcus ortleppi (g5) and echinococcus canadensis (g6-g10) although the species status of e. canadensis is still controversial. these genotypes closely match the intermediate hosts associated strains described in earlier times among which e. canadensis g6 corresponds to the camel strain ... | 2016 | 27692331 |
| cystic echinococcosis: future perspectives of molecular epidemiology. | human cystic echinococcosis (ce) has been considered to be caused predominantly by echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (the dog-sheep strain). molecular approaches on ce, however, have revealed that human cases are also commonly caused by another species, echinococcus canadensis. all indices for classification and standardization of ce pathology including available images, epidemiology, diagnostics and treatment are currently based largely on a mixture of infections which include at least e. g ... | 2017 | 27237060 |
| a novel pcr-rflp assay for molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and closely related species in developing countries. | cystic echinococcosis, due to echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.), currently affects three million people, especially in low-income countries and results in high livestock production loss. dna-based methods demonstrated genetic variability of e. granulosus s. l., and five species were recognized to belong to the complex, including e. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s) (genotypes g1-g3), echinococcus equinus (genotype g4), echinococcus ortleppi (genotype g5), echinococcus canadensis (genotypes ... | 2016 | 27225001 |
| taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. | echinococcus granulosus, formerly regarded as a single species with a high genotypic and phenotypic diversity, is now recognised as an assemblage of cryptic species, which differ considerably in morphology, development, host specificity (including infectivity/pathogenicity for humans) and other aspects. this diversity is reflected in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and has led to the construction of phylogenetic trees and hypotheses on the origin and geographic dispersal of various taxa. b ... | 2015 | 26264250 |
| the first report of human-derived g10 genotype of echinococcus canadensis in china and possible sources and routes of transmission. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is one of the most important parasitic zoonoses. 10 distinct genotypes, designated g1-g10 genotypes of echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), have been split into 4 species: echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) (g1-g3), echinococcus equinus (g4), echinococcus ortleppi (g5) and echinococcus canadensis (g6-g10); echinococcus felidis has also been suggested as a sister taxon of e. granulosus s.s. recently. four genotypes belonging to two species (g1 and g3 gen ... | 2015 | 25967082 |
| rapid detection of echinococcus species by a high-resolution melting (hrm) approach. | high-resolution melting (hrm) provides a low-cost, fast and sensitive scanning method that allows the detection of dna sequence variations in a single step, which makes it appropriate for application in parasite identification and genotyping. the aim of this work was to implement an hrm-pcr assay targeting part of the mitochondrial cox1 gene to achieve an accurate and fast method for echinococcus spp. differentiation. | 2013 | 24517106 |
| echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes infecting humans--review of current knowledge. | genetic variability in the species group echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is well recognised as affecting intermediate host susceptibility and other biological features of the parasites. molecular methods have allowed discrimination of different genotypes (g1-10 and the 'lion strain'), some of which are now considered separate species. an accumulation of genotypic analyses undertaken on parasite isolates from human cases of cystic echinococcosis provides the basis upon which an assessment is m ... | 2014 | 24269720 |
| first report on circulation of echinococcus ortleppi in the one humped camel (camelus dromedaries), sudan. | echinococcus granulosus (eg) complex, the cause of cystic echinococcosis (ce), infects humans and several other animal species worldwide and hence the disease is of public health importance. ten genetic variants, or genotypes designated as (g1-g10), are distributed worldwide based on genetic diversity. the objective of this study was to provide some sequence data and phylogeny of eg isolates recovered from the sudanese one-humped camel (camelus dromedaries). fifty samples of hydatid cysts were c ... | 2013 | 23800362 |
| prevalence and diversity of cystic echinococcosis in livestock in maasailand, kenya. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is a zoonotic disease caused by several members of the echinococcus granulosus species complex. in east africa, several species/strains are known to occur in livestock and humans, but host preferences, relative frequencies and spatial distribution of these taxa are poorly known. here, we contribute livestock data for maasailand of southern kenya. total ce prevalence was 25.8 % in cattle (151/587), 16.5 % in sheep (71/430) and 10.8 % in goats (21/194), which is a signif ... | 2012 | 22915272 |
| fatal echinococcosis in three lemurs in the united kingdom--a case series. | tapeworms of the genus echinococcus reside in the small intestine of a number of carnivorous species, predominantly canids. in enzootic areas, hydatidosis caused by taeniid metacestodes can present a significant problem in accidental intermediate hosts, including humans. whereas the united kingdom is currently considered free of echinococcus multilocularis, echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and echinococcus equinus are endemic in the uk and have been reported in a variety of captive m ... | 2016 | 26872922 |
| detection of echinococcus granulosus and echinococcus ortleppi in bhutan. | in this pilot study, fecal samples were collected from community dogs around slaughterhouses and from the city of thimphu (n=138) as well as from carnivores in the forest area around a farm in bhutan (n=28). samples were analyzed microscopically for the presence of taeniid eggs by the floatation and sieving method. further molecular analyses of 20 samples of community dogs positive for taeniid eggs confirmed 10 echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and one taenia hydatigena case. from 14 environmen ... | 2017 | 28025118 |
| genetic polymorphism and population structure of echinococcus ortleppi. | the zoonotic cestode echinococcus ortleppi (lopez-neyra and soler planas, 1943) is mainly transmitted between dogs and cattle. it occurs worldwide but is only found sporadically in most regions, with the notable exception of parts of southern africa and south america. its epidemiology is little understood and the extent of intraspecific variability is unknown. we have analysed in the present study the genetic diversity among 178 e. ortleppi isolates from sub-saharan africa, europe and south amer ... | 2017 | 27938426 |
| development and evaluation of real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of cystic echinococcosis. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) or hydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of echinococcus granulosus (eg)-complex, is a neglected parasitic disease of public health importance. the disease is endemic in many african and mediterranean countries including the sudan. the objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for simple and rapid detection of ce in humans and domestic live stock in sudan. | 2016 | 27619674 |
| molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus s.l. cysts from cattle, camels, goats and pigs in ethiopia. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) caused by echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a neglected helminth zoonosis affecting humans and various animal species. human ce has been reported in almost all countries of sub-saharan africa but its prevalence and public health impact are subject to large geographical variations. the reasons for these differences are not well understood; among other factors, occurrence of different species/genotypes of e. granulosus s.l. has been suggested. ce is very commo ... | 2016 | 26790732 |
| validation of suitable reference genes for expression normalization in echinococcus spp. larval stages. | in recent years, a significant amount of sequence data (both genomic and transcriptomic) for echinococcus spp. has been published, thereby facilitating the analysis of genes expressed during a specific stage or involved in parasite development. to perform a suitable gene expression quantification analysis, the use of validated reference genes is strongly recommended. thus, the aim of this work was to identify suitable reference genes to allow reliable expression normalization for genes of intere ... | 2014 | 25014071 |
| echinococcus ortleppi (g5) and echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (g1) loads in cattle from southern brazil. | echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (g1) and echinococcus ortleppi (g5) are haplotypes of the parasite formerly known as echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, which in its larval stage causes cystic hydatid disease, endemic in southern brazil. epidemiological and molecular knowledge about the haplotypes occurring in a region is essential to control the spread of the disease. the aim of this work was to analyze the haplotype frequency and fertility of hydatid cysts in cattle from the state of rio ... | 2012 | 22571833 |
| in vitro and ex vivo activity of melaleuca alternifolia against protoscoleces of echinococcus ortleppi. | cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease of difficult diagnosis and treatment. the use of protoscolicidal agents in procedures is of utmost importance for treatment success. this study was aimed at analysing the in vitro and ex vivo activity of melaleuca alternifolia oil (tea tree oil - tto), its nanoemulsion formulation (ne-tto) and its major component (terpinen-4-ol) against echinococcus ortleppi protoscoleces obtained from cattle. concentrations of 2·5, 5 and 10 mg ml-1 of tto, 10 mg ml-1 ... | 2017 | 27762176 |
| echinococcus ortleppi infections in humans and cattle, france. | in 2011 and 2012, liver infections caused by echinococcus ortleppi tapeworms were diagnosed in 2 humans in france. in 2012, a nationwide slaughterhouse survey identified 7 e. ortleppi infections in cattle. the foci for these infections were spatially distinct. the prevalence of e. ortleppi infections in france may be underestimated. | 2014 | 25417697 |
| in vitro effects of blepharocalyx salicifolius (h.b.k.) o. berg on the viability of echinococcus ortleppi protoscoleces. | scolicidal agents are important in the treatment of cystic echinococcosis. this study evaluated the scolicidal activity of the plant blepharocalyx salicifolius (h.b.k.) berg against echinococcus ortleppi protoscoleces. the parasite species was identified by amplifying a fragment of the gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox 1). b. salicifolius crude extract at concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/ml was analyzed at different times (5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min). n-butanol and ethyl aceta ... | 2017 | 28793013 |