| transgenic indica rice breeding line ir58 expressing a synthetic cryia(b) gene from bacillus thuringiensis provides effective insect pest control. | the indica rice breeding line ir58 was transformed by particle bombardment with a truncated version of a synthetic cryia(b) gene from bacillus thuringiensis. this gene is expressed under control of the camv 35s promoter and allows efficient production of the lepidopteran specific delta-endotoxin. r0, r1 and r2 generation plants displayed a significant insecticidal effect on several lepidopterous insect pests. feeding studies showed mortality rates of up to 100% for two of the most destructive in ... | 1996 | 9636319 |
| effect of plant age, larval age, and fertilizer treatment on resistance of a cry1ab-transformed aromatic rice to lepidopterous stem borers and foliage feeders. | the resistance of vegetative, booting, and flowering stage plants of a variety of an aromatic rice, oryza sativa l., transformed with a bacillus thuringiensis berliner cry1ab gene under control of the maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) promoter was evaluated against four lepidopterous rice pests--the stem borers chilo suppressalis (walker) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and scirpophaga incertulas (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), and the foliage feeders cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepi ... | 2000 | 10826204 |
| toxicity and receptor binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins to the midgut brush border membrane vesicles of the rice leaf folders, cnaphalocrocis medinalis and marasmia patnalis. | pesticidal activity and receptor-binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis toxins to rice leaf folders, cnaphalocrocis medinalis and marasmia patnalis, were investigated. saturation and competition binding experiments were done with iodine ((125)1)-labeled bt proteins and brush border membrane vesicles prepared from the midgut of c. medinalis and m. patnalis. the results show saturable, specific, and high-affinity binding of all toxins except cry2a toxin. cry1aa and cry2a toxins were bound wi ... | 2000 | 10977896 |
| wolbachia infection complexity among insects in the tropical rice-field community. | wolbachia are a group of intracellular bacteria that cause reproductive alterations in their arthropod hosts. widely discordant host and wolbachia phylogenies indicate that horizontal transmission of these bacteria among species sometimes occurs. a likely means of horizontal transfer is through the feeding relations of organisms within communities. feeding interactions among insects within the rice-field insect community have been well documented in the past. here, we present the results of a po ... | 2003 | 12753223 |
| [techniques of diseases, insect pests and weeds control and their efficacy in bio-rational rice production]. | studies on the efficacy of bio-rational pesticides and agricultural methods against the chief diseases, insect pests and weeds of rice showed that the efficacy of the mixtures of jingangmycin and bacillus-cereus, and jingangmycin and polyoxin against rice sheath blight were 75.16%-94.27% after sprayed once at the tiller and boot end stages of rice, respectively, and better than that of chemical fungicide triadimefon. the efficacy of kasugamycin and blasticidin was 50.54%-72.67% on rice leaf blas ... | 2004 | 15139200 |
| effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (insecta: lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the effects of bacterial toxins (bacillus thuringiensis) and botanical insecticides (azadirachta indica and vitex negundo) on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity in cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (the rice leaffolder) were evaluated. bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the ldh activity individually and in combination. when they were combined, the effect was more severe at low concentration. there was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested. t ... | 2006 | 16033698 |
| behavioural responses and changes in biology of rice leaffolder following treatment with a combination of bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides. | ingestion of the bacterial toxins bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) sub sp kurstaki, neem seed kernel extract and vitex negundo l. (lamiales:verbenaceae) leaf extract to the rice leaffolder (rlf), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), resulted in altered leaf-folding behaviour and biology. in laboratory experiments, treatment with plant extracts and bacterial toxins suppressed leaf folding behaviour of c. medinalis. larvae fed lower doses moulted into progressive instars, b ... | 2006 | 16524618 |
| [atmospheric water vapor conditions of cnaphalocrocis medinalis outbreak in 2003]. | to reveal the influence of atmospheric water vapor conditions on the outbreak of cnaphalocrocis medinalis in 2003, the geographic distributions of the pest per 667 m2 of china on june 16th, july 21st, and september 1st, 2003 were analyzed under the support of arcgis, and the air relative humidity and water vapor flux fields on 850, 925 and 1000 hpa that had the greatest influence on the pest immigration were selected to do simulation and objective analysis. the results showed that the transferri ... | 2006 | 17147183 |
| efficacy of transgenic rice expressing cry1ac and cpti against the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée). | detached leaf bioassays, open field tests and cage tests were conducted to evaluate the control efficacy of two transgenic rice lines, expressing cry1ac and cpti, against cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) during 2005-2006 in fuzhou, china. bioassay results showed that cumulative feeding areas of c. medinalis on transgenic lines were significantly lower than that on control rice lines at different developmental stages. the corrected mortalities at 96 h after infestation on transgenic lines during ... | 2007 | 17445827 |
| pseudomonas-induced defence molecules in rice plants against leaffolder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis) pest. | fluorescent pseudomonad strains pf1, tdk1 and py15 individually and in combination were evaluated against leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guen., in rice under in vitro, glasshouse and field conditions. among the various treatments used, a combination of pf1, tdk1 and py15 strains effectively reduced the incidence of leaffolder pest in rice plants to an extent comparable with chlorpyrifos-methyl. in addition, morphogenesis of the insect pest in all stages, larval, pupal and adult, was greatl ... | 2007 | 17487829 |
| shared flowering phenology, insect pests, and pathogens among wild, weedy, and cultivated rice in the mekong delta, vietnam: implications for transgenic rice. | many varieties of transgenic rice are under development in countries where wild and weedy relatives co-occur with the crop. to evaluate possible risks associated with pollen-mediated transgene dispersal, we conducted a two-year survey in vietnam to examine overlapping flowering periods of rice (oryza sativa l.), weedy rice (o. sativa), and wild rice (o. rufipogon griff.), all of which are inter-fertile. we surveyed populations in two regions of the mekong delta, northern and southern, and at thr ... | 2008 | 18549769 |
| baseline susceptibility of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in china. | geographic variability in susceptibility of field-collected cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) was studied to establish a geographic baseline for comparison of future population responses to the increased use of b. thuringiensis-based insect control products. colonies of c. medinalis were established from 10 populations collected from 10 different provinces in the major rice (oryza savita l.)-growing regions of china. populations were ... | 2008 | 18950053 |
| analysis of cry1ab toxin bioaccumulation in a food chain of bt rice, an herbivore and a predator. | lessons from organophosphorus pesticides, which could be bioaccumulated in non-target organisms at different trophic levels and caused unexpected negative impacts, necessitate a study of the possibility of biotransfer and bioaccumulation of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal toxin(s) expressed in bt plants. using elisa, we evaluated the transfer of cry1ab toxin in a food chain of bt rice (kmd1 and kmd2), the target insect, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, and its predator, pirata subpiraticus. cr ... | 2009 | 18982446 |
| population dynamics of sesamia inferens on transgenic rice expressing cry1ac and cpti in southern china. | genetically modified insect-resistant rice lines containing the cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) or the cpti (cowpea trypsin inhibitor) gene developed for the management of lepidopterous pests are highly resistant to the major target pests, chilo suppressalis (walker), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), and scirpophaga incertulas (walker), in the main rice-growing areas of china. however, the effects of these transgenic lines on sesamia inferens (walker), an important lepidopterous r ... | 2008 | 19036217 |
| development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with cry1c*-free endosperm. | yellow stem borer (tryporyza incertulas walker), striped stem borer (chilo suppressalis walker) and leaf folder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenec) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world. in this study, novel insect-resistant transgenic rice was developed in which bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm. the resistant gene, cry1c*, driven by the rice rbcs promoter (small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), ... | 2009 | 19479952 |
| production of marker-free transgenic rice expressing tissue-specific bt gene. | the hybrid bacillus thuringiensis (bt) δ-endotoxin gene cry1ab/ac was used to develop a transgenic bt rice (oryza sativa l.) targeting lepidopteran insects of rice. here, we show the production of a marker-free and tissue-specific expressing transgenic bt rice line l24 using agrobacterium-mediated transformation and a chemically regulated, cre/loxp-mediated dna recombination system. l24 carries a single copy of marker-free t-dna that contains the cry1ab/ac gene driven by a maize phosphoenolpyruv ... | 2010 | 20593185 |
| insecticide susceptibility of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) in china. | insecticide control is the major measure for suppression of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) damage, and a few insecticides used for long time have proved to fail to control this pest in china. several new chemicals have been introduced for control of c. medinalis. however, there was no baseline susceptibility data of c. medinalis to insecticides used or will be in use. in this study, a seedling dipping method was developed for bioassay of insecticide susceptibility of ... | 2011 | 21510218 |
| Resistance performances of transgenic bt rice lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). | The transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice, Oryza sativa L., lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 expressing Cry2A* and Cry1C* from 'Minhui 63' (MH63) were evaluated for resistance to newly hatched and third-instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), by using detached leaf laboratory bioassays. Both T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 rice showed high C. medinalis resistance; however, the lethal time (LT)50 of larvae fed with T(2A)-1 rice was significantly longer than that of larvae fed with T1 ... | 2011 | 22066204 |
| detection and phylogenetic analysis of wolbachia in the asiatic rice leafroller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, in chinese populations. | wolbachia are a group of intracellular inherited endosymbiontic bacteria infecting a wide range of insects. in this study the infection status of wolbachia (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) was measured in the asiatic rice leafroller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), from twenty locations in china by sequencing wsp, ftsz and 16s rdna genes. the results showed high infection rates of wolbachia in c. medinalis populations. wolbachia was detected in all geographically separ ... | 2011 | 22233324 |
| silencing coi1 in rice increases susceptibility to chewing insects and impairs inducible defense. | the jasmonic acid (ja) pathway plays a key role in plant defense responses against herbivorous insects. coronatine insensitive1 (coi1) is an f-box protein essential for all jasmonate responses. however, the precise defense function of coi1 in monocotyledonous plants, especially in rice (oryza sativa l.) is largely unknown. we silenced oscoi1 in rice plants via rna interference (rnai) to determine the role of oscoi1 in rice defense against rice leaf folder (lf) cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a chewing ... | 2012 | 22558386 |
| molecular characterization of a ryanodine receptor gene in the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée). | ryanodine receptors (ryrs) are the targets of two novel classes of synthetic insecticidal chemicals, phthalic acid diamides and anthranilic diamides. isolation of full-length ryr cdnas is a critical step towards the structural and functional characterization of insect ryrs and an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the species selective toxicity of diamide insecticides. however, there has been little research on the insect ryr genes due to the high molecular weight of the ryr pr ... | 2012 | 22567170 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression profiling of a ryanodine receptor gene in asian corn borer, ostrinia furnacalis (guenée). | ryanodine receptor (ryr) ca(2+) release channel is the target of diamide insecticides, which show selective insecticidal activity against lepidopterous insects. to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the species-specific action of diamide insecticides, we have cloned and characterized the entire cdna sequence of ryr from ostrinia furnacalis (named as ofryr). the ofryr mrna has an open reading frame of 15324 bp nucleotides and encodes a 5108 amino acid polypeptide that displays 79-97% ident ... | 2013 | 24098400 |
| identification and comparative expression profiles of chemoreception genes revealed from major chemoreception organs of the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | to better understand the olfactory mechanisms in the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), a serious pest of rice in asia, we established six partial transcriptomes from antennae, protarsus, and reproductive organs of male and female adults. a total of 102 transcripts were identified, including 29 odorant receptors (ors), 15 ionotropic receptors (irs), 30 odorant-binding proteins (obps), 26 chemosensory proteins (csps), and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (snmps). the expressio ... | 2015 | 26657286 |
| identification of genes putatively involved in chitin metabolism and insecticide detoxification in the rice leaf folder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis) larvae through transcriptomic analysis. | the rice leaf roller (cnaphalocrocis medinalis) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests. due to its migratory behavior, it is difficult to control worldwide. to date, little is known about major genes of c. medinalis involved in chitin metabolism and insecticide detoxification. in order to obtain a comprehensive genome dataset of c. medinalis, we conducted de novo transcriptome sequencing which focused on the major feeding stage of fourth-instar larvae, and our work revealed useful inf ... | 2015 | 26378520 |
| genome sequencing and analysis of a granulovirus isolated from the asiatic rice leafroller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis. | the complete genome of cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus (cnmegv) from a serious migratory rice pest, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae), was sequenced using the roche 454 genome sequencer flx system (gs flx) with shotgun strategy and assembled by roche gs de novo assembler software. its circular double-stranded genome is 111,246 bp in size with a high a+t content of 64.8% and codes for 118 putative open reading frames (orfs). it contains 37 conserved baculovirus core orfs, 13 ... | 2015 | 26712716 |
| development of marker-free insect-resistant indica rice by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation. | agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation is an efficient strategy to generate marker-free transgenic plants. in this study, the vectors pmf-2a(∗) containing a synthetic cry2a(∗) gene driven by maize ubiquitin promoter and pcambia1301 harboring hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) were introduced into minghui86 (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica), an elite indica restorer line. two independent transformants containing both the cry2a(∗) gene and hpt gene were regenerated. several homozygous marker-f ... | 2016 | 27833629 |
| antifungal agents against aspergillus niger for rearing rice leaffolder larvae (lepidoptera: pyralidae) on artificial diet. | mold contamination is an important issue in insect mass rearing. frequently used antifungal agents such as sorbic acid and methylparaben have negative impact on many lepidopteran larvae, which might be one of the reasons for the difficulty in rearing rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (güenée). in this study, 19 antifungal agents, including 7 food preservatives, 6 antifungal drugs, and 6 agricultural fungicides, were screened for their inhibitory activities on aspergillus niger in diets. ... | 2014 | 25026669 |
| pyramiding and evaluation of both a foreign bacillus thuringiensis and a lysine-rich protein gene in the elite indica rice 9311. | gene pyramiding is an efficient approach for the genetic improvement of multiple agronomic traits simultaneously. in this study, we pyramided two foreign genes, cry1ac driven by the rice actin i promoter, and lysine-rich protein (lrp), driven by the endosperm-specific glutelin1 (gt1) promoter, into the elite indica cultivar 9311. these two genes were chosen in an attempt to enhance insect-resistance and lysine (lys) content. in the pyramided line, the foreign gene cry1ac was efficiently expresse ... | 2016 | 27795684 |
| marker-free transgenic rice expressing the vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) of bacillus thuringiensis shows broad insecticidal properties. | genetically engineered rice lines with broad insecticidal properties against major lepidopteran pests were generated using a synthetic, truncated form of vegetative insecticidal protein (syn vip3br) from bacillus thuringiensis. the selectable marker gene and the redundant transgene(s) were eliminated through cre/ lox mediated recombination and genetic segregation to make consumer friendly bt -rice. for sustainable resistance against lepidopteran insect pests, chloroplast targeted synthetic versi ... | 2016 | 27165311 |
| transgenic rice expressing the cry2ax1 gene confers resistance to multiple lepidopteran pests. | a chimeric bacillus thuringiensis toxin (bt) gene, cry2ax1was cloned in a bi-selectable marker free binary vector construct. the cry2ax1 gene, driven by the chrysanthemum rbcs1 promoter, was introduced into jk1044r, the restorer line (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) of a notified commercially grown rice hybrid in india, by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. its effect against two major lepidopteran insect pests viz., yellow stem borer (ysb) scirpophaga incertulas, rice leaf folder (rlf) cnaphal ... | 2016 | 27017220 |
| development of leaffolder resistant transgenic rice expressing cry2ax1 gene driven by green tissue-specific rbcs promoter. | the insecticidal cry genes of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been successfully used for development of insect resistant transgenic rice plants. in this study, a novel cry2ax1 gene consisting a sequence of cry2aa and cry2ac gene driven by rice rbcs promoter was introduced into a rice cultivar, asd16. among 27 putative rice transformants, 20 plants were found to be positive for cry2ax1 gene. the expression of cry2ax1 protein in transgenic rice plants ranged from 5.95 to 122.40 ng/g of fresh leaf ... | 2016 | 26867598 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing synthetic cry2ax1 gene exhibits resistance to rice leaffolder (cnaphalocrosis medinalis). | bacillus thuringiensis is a major source of insecticidal genes imparting insect resistance in transgenic plants. level of expression of transgenes in transgenic plants is important to achieve desirable level of resistance against target insects. in order to achieve desirable level of expression, rice chloroplast transit peptide sequence was fused with synthetic cry2ax1 gene to target its protein in chloroplasts. sixteen pcr positive lines of rice were generated by agrobacterium mediated transfor ... | 2016 | 28330080 |
| a 90-day subchronic feeding study of genetically modified rice expressing cry1ab protein in sprague-dawley rats. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic rice line (mfb-mh86) expressing a synthetic cry1ab gene can be protected against feeding damage from lepidopteran insects, including sesamia inferens, chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas and cnaphalocrocis medinalis. rice flour from mfb-mh86 and its near-isogenic control mh86 was separately formulated into rodent diets at concentrations of 17.5, 35 and 70 % (w/w) for a 90-day feeding test with rats, and all of the diets were nutritionally balanced. in ... | 2015 | 25367203 |
| creation of bt rice expressing a fusion protein of cry1ac and cry1i-like using a green tissue-specific promoter. | the insecticidal genes from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) have long been successfully used for development of insect-resistant rice. however, commercial planting of bt rice has been delayed by the concern over food safety, although no scientific evidence is ever found to justify the concern. to address this safety concern, we developed a transgenic insect-resistant rice line using a green tissue promoter to minimize the bt protein expression in the rice seeds. the bt protein expressed in ... | 2014 | 25195461 |
| a novel synthetic cry1ab gene resists rice insect pests. | a few insect control genes of bacillus thuringiensis have been modified successfully to increase the expression in plants by replacing rare codons, increasing gc content, and avoiding the dna elements that could cause premature transcription termination, mrna instability, and potential methylation. however, the modification process was intricate and often confused researchers. in this study, we adopted a simple method to modify cry1ab only by individually replacing its amino acid sequence with c ... | 2014 | 24781994 |
| susceptibility and selectivity of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to different cry toxins. | effectiveness of four cry toxins (cry1ac, cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1c) on cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), collected from paddy fields in jiaxing, zhejiang province, china, was evaluated in the laboratory. bioassays showed that c. medinalis had different susceptibilities against four cry toxins. the lc50 values of cry1ac, cry1ab, cry1aa, and cry1c against c. medinalis were 0.405, 1.111, 1.939, and 1.246 microg/ml, respectively. furthermore, the mortality of c. medinalis ... | 2012 | 23356078 |
| identification of a microsporidian isolate from cnaphalocrocis medinalis and its pathogenicity to bombyx mori. | a microsporidian, cmm2, was isolated from cnaphalocrocis medinalis. the biological characters, molecular analysis and pathogenicity of cmm2 were studied. the spore of cmm2 is long oval in shape and 3.45 ± 0.25 × 1.68 ± 0.18 µm in size, the life cycle includes meronts, sporonts, sporoblasts, and spores, with typical diplokaryon in each stage, propagated in binary fission. there is positive coagulation reaction between cmm2 and the polyclonal antibody of nosema bombycis (n.b.). cmm2 spores is binu ... | 2014 | 24114672 |
| the toxicity and behavioural effects of neem limonoids on cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), the rice leaffolder. | meliaceae plant products have been shown to exert pesticidal properties against a variety of insect species. in agricultural pest control programs, such products may have the potential to be used successfully as botanical insecticides. the effect of the neem (azadirachta indica) limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione and deacetylnimbin on the biology and mortality of rice leaffolder larvae was investigated. in laboratory experiments, treatment with nee ... | 2006 | 16194558 |
| effect of neem limonoids on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (insecta: lepidoptera: pyralidae). | neem is derived from the neem tree azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae), and its primary insecticidal component is the tetranortriterpenoid azadirachtin and other limonoids. the effect of neem limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione and deacetylnimbin on enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity of the rice leaffolder (rlf) cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae was investigated. there was a decrease in enzyme activity relative to ... | 2006 | 16154614 |
| amplifying long transcripts of ryanodine receptors of five agricultural pests by transcriptome analysis and gap filling. | ryanodine receptor (ryr) is an intracellular calcium release channel that plays a key role in excitation contraction coupling. insect ryr is the target of diamide insecticides. better understanding of insect ryr is necessary for studying the molecular mode of action and potential resistance mechanism of diamide insecticides. however, molecular manipulation of the full ryr gene is difficult because of its length (approximately 15 kb). at present, ryr genes have been reported only in a limited num ... | 2013 | 24299104 |
| development and characterization of microsatellite markers for rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) and cross-species amplification in other pyralididae. | rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), is a destructive and widespread pest on rice. in this study, 20 microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized from c. medinalis partial genomic libraries using the method of fast isolation by aflp of sequence containing repeats. of these markers, 18 markers displayed polymorphisms. polymorphisms were evaluated in 48 individuals from two natural populations. the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 15, and the expected and obser ... | 2014 | 24381106 |
| osnpr1 negatively regulates herbivore-induced ja and ethylene signaling and plant resistance to a chewing herbivore in rice. | npr1 (a non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes1) has been reported to play an important role in plant defense by regulating signaling pathways. however, little to nothing is known about its function in herbivore-induced defense in monocot plants. here, using suppressive substrate hybridization, we identified a npr1 gene from rice, osnpr1, and found that its expression levels were upregulated in response to infestation by the rice striped stem borer (ssb) chilo suppressalis and rice leaf fol ... | 2013 | 22694163 |
| characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of cnaphalocrocis medinalis and chilo suppressalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of cnaphalocrocis medinalis and chilo suppressalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) were determined and analyzed. the circular genomes were 15,388 bp long for c. medinalis and 15,395 bp long for c. suppressalis. both mitogenomes contained 37 genes, with gene order similar to that of other lepidopterans. notably, 12 protein-coding genes (pcgs) utilized the standard atn, but the cox1 gene used cga as the initiation codon; the cox1, cox2, and nad4 genes in t ... | 2012 | 22532789 |
| silencing oshi-lox makes rice more susceptible to chewing herbivores, but enhances resistance to a phloem feeder. | the jasmonic acid (ja) pathway plays a central role in plant defense responses against insects. some phloem-feeding insects also induce the salicylic acid (sa) pathway, thereby suppressing the plant's ja response. these phenomena have been well studied in dicotyledonous plants, but little is known about them in monocotyledons. we cloned a chloroplast-localized type 2 13-lipoxygenase gene of rice, oshi-lox, whose transcripts were up-regulated in response to feeding by the rice striped stem borer ... | 2009 | 19656341 |
| the effects of temperature and host age on the fecundity of four trichogramma species, egg parasitoids of the cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) is one of the most important rice pests in asia and is difficult to control by chemical insecticides due to its rapid development of resistance. to screen potential species for biological control of c. medinalis, we investigated the effects of temperature (20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 °c) and host age (1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-d-old) on the fecundity of four trichogramma spp. on c. medinalis eggs. our results indicated that c. medinalis eggs were acceptable to t. japonic ... | 2017 | 28398560 |
| identification of four atp-binding cassette transporter genes in cnaphalocrocis medinalis and their expression in response to insecticide treatment. | the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters belong to a superfamily of genes involved in the transport of specific molecules across lipid membranes, as well as insecticide resistance, present in all living organisms. in this study, we combined the cnaphalocrocis medinals transcriptome database with a bioinformatics approach to identify four c. medinals abcs (cmabcs), including cmabcg1, cmabcg4, cmabcc2 and cmabcc3. tissue expression analysis showed that these genes had a tissue-specific expressi ... | 2017 | 28365766 |
| oviposition preference and larval performance of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) on rice genotypes. | cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée is a noxious rice pest during cultivated periods. cnaphalocrocis medinalis moths lay eggs on leaf surfaces, and larvae longitudinally roll the leaves to hide inside the leaf buds and feed on the upper epidermis and mesophyll tissues. in this study, we evaluated the female oviposition preference and larval performance of c. medinalis on six insect-resistant and six insect-susceptible rice genotypes. female moth choice and no-choice oviposition preferences were stud ... | 2017 | 28334207 |
| can the young larvae of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) tolerate the heat stress in summer? | | 2017 | 28177080 |
| determining the migration duration of rice leaf folder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée)) moths using a trajectory analytical approach. | many moths finish their long distance migration after consecutive nights, but little is known about migration duration and distance. this information is key to predicting migration pathways and understanding their evolution. tethered flight experiments have shown that ovarian development of rice leaf folder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis [guenée]) moths was accelerated and synchronized by flight in the first three nights, whereby most females were then matured for mating and reproduction. thus, it wa ... | 2017 | 28051132 |
| ratoon rice generated from primed parent plants exhibit enhanced herbivore resistance. | rice ratooning is practiced in many rice-growing countries for achieving increased rice production with limited labour input. here, we report that attack by insect herbivores, or treatment with a defense signaling compound in parent plants, can prime anti-herbivore defense responses in subsequent ratoon plants. we compared the defense responses of rice ratoons generated from parent plants that had been either infested by cnaphalocrocis medinalis (rice leaffolder, lf) caterpillars or treated with ... | 2017 | 28042888 |
| can the young larvae of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) tolerate the heat stress in summer? | the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (güenée), will frequently be under heat stress because of global warming. the young larvae would be liable to heat exposure owing to inability to make leaf fold for hiding themselves. consequently, their heat tolerance might be closely related to population outbreak in summer. therefore, the heat tolerance of the first-instar larvae was examined in this study. the results showed that the heat tolerance of young larvae was lower than that of the olde ... | 2016 | 27993993 |
| molecular characterization of two acetylcholinesterase genes from the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | in this study, two full-length cdna sequences (cmace1 and cmace2) encoding putative acetylcholinesterases (aches) were cloned and characterized from the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, an important lepidopteran rice pest in asia. cmace1 encodes a cmache1 consisting of 689 amino acid residues, while cmace2 encodes a 639 amino acids cmache2. the two cmaches both have n-terminal signal peptides and conserved motifs including the catalytic triad, choline-binding sites, oxianion hole, acyl ... | 2016 | 27447944 |
| interactions of two odorant-binding proteins influence insect chemoreception. | it is well known that the odorant-binding proteins (obps) play crucial roles in insect olfactory detection. to explore if interactions of obps affect olfactory coding in the rice leaffolder cnaphalocrocis medinalis ligand-binding experiments, molecular docking, rna interference and electrophysiological recording were performed. the binding activity of two c. medinalis obps (cmedobps) to rice plant volatiles showed wide flexibility depending on the structure of ligands and interactions of cmedobp ... | 2016 | 27503414 |
| host choice, settling and folding leaf behaviors of the larval rice leaf folder under heat stress. | extreme high-temperature events are the key factor to determine population dynamics of the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), in summer. although we know that adult of this insect can migrate to avoid heat stress, the behavioral response of larva to high temperature is still unclear. therefore, impacts of high temperature on behavioral traits of c. medinalis including host choice, settling and folding leaf were observed. the results revealed that these behavioral traits were cl ... | 2016 | 27443747 |
| functional characterization of a pheromone-binding protein from rice leaffolder cnaphalocrocis medinalis in detecting pheromones and host plant volatiles. | pheromone-binding proteins (pbps) are believed to be involved in the recognition of semiochemicals. in the present study, western blot analysis, fluorescence-binding characteristics and immunolocalization of cmedpbp4 from the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, were investigated. western blot analysis revealed that cmedpbp4 showed obvious antenna-specific expression patterns in female and male antenna, and made a clearly different sex-biased expression. immunocytochemical labeling reveale ... | 2016 | 27385278 |
| defense responses in rice induced by silicon amendment against infestation by the leaf folder cnaphalocrocis medinalis. | silicon (si) amendment to plants can confer enhanced resistance to herbivores. in the present study, the physiological and cytological mechanisms underlying the enhanced resistance of plants with si addition were investigated for one of the most destructive rice pests in asian countries, the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée). activities of defense-related enzymes, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidase, and concentrations ... | 2016 | 27124300 |
| genome of cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus, the first crambidae-infecting betabaculovirus isolated from rice leaffolder to sequenced. | cnaphalocrocis medinalis is a major pest of rice in south and south-east asia. insecticides are the major means farmers use for management. a naturally occurring baculovirus, c. medinalis granulovirus (cnmegv), has been isolated from the larvae and this has the potential for use as microbial agent. here, we described the complete genome sequence of cnmegv and compared it to other baculovirus genomes. the genome of cnmegv is 112,060 base pairs in length, has a g+c content of 35.2%. it contains 13 ... | 2016 | 26848752 |
| landscape changes have greater effects than climate changes on six insect pests in china. | in recent years, global changes are the major causes of frequent, widespread outbreaks of pests in mosaic landscapes, which have received substantial attention worldwide. we collected data on global changes (landscape and climate) and economic damage caused by six main insect pests during 1951-2010 in china. landscape changes had significant effects on all six insect pests. pest damage increased significantly with increasing arable land area in agricultural landscapes. however, climate changes h ... | 2016 | 26825944 |
| cotesia ruficrus (hymenoptera: braconidae) parasitizing cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae): developmental interactions and food utilization efficiency of hosts. | cotesia ruficrus (haliday), a gregarious larval endoparasitoid, is an important biological control agent of various pest species. the developmental interactions between the host rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), and its koinobiont parasitoid, c. ruficrus, were investigated for the first time under laboratory conditions. the effects of host instar at parasitization on the development time, clutch size, and survival of c. ruficrus were determined. the results showed that the par ... | 2016 | 26791819 |
| glutathione s-transferase genes in the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae): identification and expression profiles. | in insects, glutathione s-transferases (gsts) play critical roles in the detoxification of various insecticides, resulting in insecticide resistance. the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is an economically important pest of rice in asia. gst genes have not been largely identified in this insect species. in the present study, by searching the transcriptome dataset, 25 candidate gst genes were identified in c. medinalis for the first time. of these, 23 predicted gst proteins fell into fi ... | 2015 | 25917811 |
| identification and expression of two novel cytochrome p450 genes, cyp6cv1 and cyp9a38, in cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | cnaphalocrocis medinalis güenée can cause severe losses in rice. cytochrome p450s play crucial roles in the metabolism of allelochemicals in herbivorous insects. two novel p450 cdnas, cyp6cv1 and cyp9a38, were cloned from the midgut of c. medinalis. cyp6cv1 encodes a protein of 500 amino acid residues, while cyp9a38-predicted protein has 531 amino acid residues. both cdna-predicted proteins contain the conserved functional domains for all p450s. phylogenetic analyses showed that cyp6cv1 is group ... | 2015 | 25896119 |
| silicon-mediated resistance in a susceptible rice variety to the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), is one of the most destructive rice pests in asian countries. rice varieties resistant to the rice leaf folder are generally characterized by high silicon content. in this study, silicon amendment, at 0.16 and 0.32 g si/kg soil, enhanced resistance of a susceptible rice variety to the rice leaf folder. silicon addition to rice plants at both the low and high rates significantly extended larval development and reduced larval survival rate a ... | 2015 | 25837635 |
| accelerated and synchronized oviposition induced by flight of young females may intensify larval outbreaks of the rice leaf roller. | physiological management of migration-reproduction trade-offs in energy allocation often includes a package of adaptions referred to as the oogenesis-flight syndrome. in some species, this trade-off may be overestimated, because factors like flight behavior and environmental conditions may mitigate it. in this study, we examined the reproductive consequences induced by different flight scenarios in an economically-important asian migrant insect, cnaphalocrocis medinalis. we found that the influe ... | 2015 | 25815767 |
| neonicotinoid-induced resurgence of rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guénee). | among the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam have been frequently used in planthopper endemic areas. wherever leaffolder incidence occurs along with planthoppers in rice fields, use of neonicotinoids has resulted in increase in leaffolder population. the present study was carried out to verify and confirm the resurgence, as well as to identify factors contributing to resurgence. | 2016 | 25641916 |
| sequence and analysis of mtdna control region in cnaphalacrocis medinalis guenée and marasmia patnalis bradley (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | rice leaffolders cnaphalocrocis medinalis and marasmia patnalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) are important rice pests and morphologically related with same damage methods. the control region of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) in two rice leaffolders c. medinalis and m. patnalis were sequenced and analyzed. the control regions of the two rice leaffolders are located between 12s ribosomal rna and trnamet, and exhibit conserved structural elements. we identified the poly t stretches, (ta)n block, and stem-lo ... | 2016 | 25541304 |
| electrophysiological responses of the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, to rice plant volatiles. | the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepidoptera: pyralidae), is one of the most destructive pests of rice. electrophysiological responses of this species to 38 synthetic volatiles known to be released from rice plants (poaceae: oryza spp.) were studied using the electroantennogram (eag) method. compounds that elicited the strongest eag responses for each physiological condition were selected for eag dose-response tests at five concentrations. these compounds included: methyl sa ... | 2014 | 25373217 |
| selection of nectar plants for use in ecological engineering to promote biological control of rice pests by the predatory bug, cyrtorhinus lividipennis, (heteroptera: miridae). | ecological engineering for pest management involves the identification of optimal forms of botanical diversity to incorporate into a farming system to suppress pests, by promoting their natural enemies. whilst this approach has been extensively researched in many temperate crop systems, much less has been done for rice. this paper reports the influence of various plant species on the performance of a key natural enemy of rice planthopper pests, the predatory mirid bug, cyrtorhinus lividipennis. ... | 2014 | 25254377 |
| effect of increased male and female age at mating on the reproductive performance of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (crambidae: lepidoptera). | the success of mating disruption using synthetic sex pheromones depends not only on preventing mating, but also on delayed mating in the target insect. using the rice leaffolder moth, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), we determined the effect of increased age at mating imposed on males only (male treatment), females only (female treatment),or on both sexes simultaneously (both sexes treatment). these increased age treatments had a negative effect on the percentage of mating, the total number of ... | 2014 | 25195432 |
| seasonal migration of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) over the bohai sea in northern china. | the rice leaf roller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), is a serious insect pest of rice with a strong migratory ability. previous studies on the migration of c. medinalis were mostly carried out in tropical or subtropical regions, however, and what the pattern of seasonal movements this species exhibits in temperate regions (i.e. northern china, where they cannot overwinter) remains unknown. here we present data from an 11-year study of this species made by searchlight trapping on beihuang isl ... | 2014 | 24901755 |
| a comparison of spider communities in bt and non-bt rice fields. | to assess the potential adverse effects of a bt rice line (japonica rice cultivar, nakdong) expressing a synthetic cry1ac1 gene, c7-1-9-1-b, which was highly active against all larval stages of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: crambidae), we investigated the community structure of spiders in bt and non-bt rice fields during the rice-growing season in 2007 and 2008 in chungcheongnam-do, korea. spiders were surveyed with a sweep net and suction device. suction sampling captured more ... | 2014 | 24874159 |
| resistance in cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to new chemistry insecticides. | the control of rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), depended mainly on the insecticide application in china for a long time, and the resistance development impacted the effects of insecticide application. in this study, 13 conventional and new chemistry insecticides were assayed for the toxicities to the larvae of rice leaffolder collected from nanning, changsha, and nanjing, china, with rice seedling dip method during 2011-2013. among the tested chemicals, macrolide insecticides ... | 2014 | 24772565 |
| heat shock suppresses mating and sperm transfer in the rice leaf folder cnaphalocrocis medinalis. | temperature is a key environmental factor in determining the population size of cnaphalocrocis medinalis in summer. high temperatures inhibit survival, development and fecundity of this insect. however, biological responses of female and male adults to heat shock, and physiological mechanism of high temperature suppressing population development are still ambiguous. we experimentally tested the impact of heat shock (5 h day-1) on biological traits, spermatogenesis and sperm transfer of adults of ... | 2014 | 24702985 |
| structural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the rice leafroller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the rice leafroller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is one of the most important pests on rice and possesses striking flight ability. we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 15,377 bp of a c. medinalis mitochondrial genome (mtdna). the mtdna encodes 37 genes and shows a unique lepidopteran cr-m-i-q arrangement. three possible substructures were detected in c. medinalis and some other lepidopteran insects' control region. the findings might be relevant to the regulation of mtdna replication ... | 2014 | 24379079 |
| transgenic bt rice does not challenge host preference of the target pest of rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | transgenic bt rice line t2a-1 expresses a synthesized cry2a gene that shows high resistance to lepidoptera pests, including cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). plant volatile orientation cues and the physical characteristics of the leaf surface play key roles in host location or host-plant acceptance of phytophagous insects. these volatile compounds and physical traits may become altered in bt rice and it is not known whether this influences the behavior of c. medinalis w ... | 2013 | 24244410 |
| temperature thresholds and thermal requirements for the development of the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis. | the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepidoptera: pyralidae) is a predominant foliage feeder in all the rice ecosystems. the objective of this study was to examine the development of leaf folder at 7 constant temperatures (18, 20, 25, 30, 32, 34, 35° c) and to estimate temperature thresholds and thermal constants for the forecasting models based on heat accumulation units, which could be developed for use in forecasting. the developmental periods of different stages of rice lea ... | 2013 | 24205891 |
| description of new mitochondrial genomes (spodoptera litura, noctuoidea and cnaphalocrocis medinalis, pyraloidea) and phylogenetic reconstruction of lepidoptera with the comment on optimization schemes. | we newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes of spodoptera litura and cnaphalocrocis medinalis belonging to lepidoptera to obtain further insight into mitochondrial genome evolution in this group and investigated the influence of optimal strategies on phylogenetic reconstruction of lepidoptera. estimation of p-distances of each mitochondrial gene for available taxonomic levels has shown the highest value in nd6, whereas the lowest values in coi and coii at the nucleotide level, suggesting different ... | 2013 | 24057247 |
| priming of jasmonate-mediated antiherbivore defense responses in rice by silicon. | although the function of silicon (si) in plant physiology has long been debated, its beneficial effects on plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses, including insect herbivory, have been well documented. in addition, the jasmonate (ja) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in mediating antiherbivore defense responses in plants. however, potential interactions between ja and si in response to insect attack have not been examined directly. to explore the role ja may play in si-enhance ... | 2013 | 24003150 |
| analysis of a cdna library from the antenna of cnaphalocrocis medinalis and the expression pattern of olfactory genes. | chemoreception is a key feature in selection of host plants by insects. in this study, preliminary characterization and isolation of cdna clones from cnaphalocrocis medinalis antennal libraries identified eight olfactory genes, including two putative general odorant-binding proteins (gobps), three pheromone binding proteins (pbps) and three chemosensory proteins (csps). the expression profiles of these eight genes in different tissues (antenna, head (without antennae), thorax, abdomen, leg and w ... | 2013 | 23523786 |
| effects of nitrogen fertilizer and magnesium manipulation on the cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee (lepidoptera: pyralidae), is a rice pest that is prone to outbreaks when high levels of nitrogen (n) fertilizer are applied to rice. the larvae feed by scraping the mesophyll cells of leaves, which are mainly composed of chloroplasts containing significant levels of elemental magnesium (mg). to determine the cause of n fertilizer-induced rice leaffolder outbreaks and the effects of mg and mg uptake on the rice leaffolder, the changes in the li ... | 2013 | 23448032 |
| transcriptome and gene expression analysis of the rice leaf folder, cnaphalocrosis medinalis. | the rice leaf folder (rlf), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenee) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), is one of the most destructive pests affecting rice in asia. although several studies have been performed on the ecological and physiological aspects of this species, the molecular mechanisms underlying its developmental regulation, behavior, and insecticide resistance remain largely unknown. presently, there is a lack of genomic information for rlf; therefore, studies aimed at profiling the rlf transcriptome ... | 2012 | 23185238 |
| methoprene influences reproduction and flight capacity in adults of the rice leaf roller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenểe) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | juvenile hormone (jh) influences many aspects of insect biology, including oogenesis-flight syndrome tradeoffs between migration and reproduction. drawing on studies of many migratory insects, we posed the hypothesis that jh influences migratory capacity and oogenesis in the rice leaf roller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis. we treated adults moths (days 1, 2 and 3 postemergence) with the jh analog (jha), methoprene, and then recorded the influences of jha treatments on reproduction. jha treatment on d ... | 2013 | 23047724 |
| identification and characterization of two sensory neuron membrane proteins from cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | sensory neuron membrane proteins (snmps), which are located on the dendritic membrane of olfactory neurons, were considered as important components involved in pheromone reception in insects. in drosophila melanogaster, mutants without snmp are unable to evoke neuronal activities in the presence of pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate (cva). so deeply understanding the snmps functions may help to develop pheromone-mediated insect pest management tactics. the present study reports the identification an ... | 2013 | 23027616 |
| [occurrence dynamics of migratory pest insects cnaphalocrocis medinalis and sogatella furcifera in transgenic bt rice field in xing'an county of guangxi province]. | an investigation was conducted in xing' an county of guangxi province in 2010 to study the occurrence and damage characteristics of two unique migratory pest insects, rice leaffolder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and white-backed planthopper (sogatella furcifera), in a transgenic bt rice (cv. hh1 with dual cry1ab+cry1ac genes) field, taking the corresponding non-transgenic parent (cv. mh63) field as the control. no significant differences were observed in the abundance of c. medinalis eggs and larv ... | 2011 | 22303682 |
| field evaluation of effects of transgenic cry1ab/cry1ac, cry1c and cry2a rice on cnaphalocrocis medinalis and its arthropod predators. | the impacts of transgenic bt rice on target pests and their predators need to be clarified prior to the commercialization of bt rice. in this study, the percentages of folded leaves of three transgenic bt rice lines and non-transgenic parental rice line caused by cnaphalocrocis medinalis were studied over two successive growing seasons. in addition, the population densities, relative abundance and population dynamics of c. medinalis and four species of its natural arthropod predators were invest ... | 2011 | 22173308 |
| [spatial pattern and its variation of cnaphalocrocis medinalis larvae and ummeliata insecticeps under paddy rice cropping neighboring with vegetables or corn]. | geostatistical methods were adopted to characterize the spatial pattern and its variation of cnaphalocrocis medinalis larvae (lepidoptera: crambidae) and ummeliata insecticeps (araneida: linyphiidae) in the habitats of paddy rice neighboring with white melon, tomato, or corn. in the rice growth period, c. medinalis larvae and u. insecticeps presented aggregative distribution, with the spatial range varied from 1.91 to 182.57 m and from 3.70 to 9.70 m, respectively. isoline map showed that the de ... | 2011 | 22097377 |
| antennal sensilla of apanteles cypris nixon (hymenoptera: braconidae), a larval endoparasitoid of cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | apanteles cypris is an endoparasitoid of rice pest cnaphalocrocis medinalis. to better understand its host location mechanism, we examined the external morphology of antennal sensilla of a. cypris via scanning electron microscopy. the antennae of male and female a. cypris were filiform in shape, which consist of scape, pedicel, and flagellum with 18 antennomeres. eleven types of sensilla were recorded in both sexes, including two types of chaetica sensilla, trichodea sensilla without pore, basic ... | 2011 | 21618650 |
| population genetic structure of the migratory rice leaf roller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae), inferred from the mitochondrial a+t-rich region and nuclear its2 sequences. | the population genetics of the migratory rice leaf roller, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae), was characterized using the maternally inherited mitochondrial a+t-rich region and bi-parentally inherited nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2). one hundred and eighty-seven specimens of the rice leaf roller collected from 13 korean and chinese localities revealed 94 a+t-rich region haplotypes, ranging in sequence length from 339 to 348 bp and 129 its2 sequence types, ranging fro ... | 2011 | 21365544 |
| characterization and induction of two cytochrome p450 genes, cyp6ae28 and cyp6ae30, in cnaphalocrocis medinalis: possible involvement in metabolism of rice allelochemicals. | two cdnas specific for p450 genes, cyp6ae28 and cyp6ae30, have been isolated from the rice leaf folder cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepidoptera: pyralidae). both cdna-predicted proteins have 504 amino acid residues in length, but with molecular masses of 60177 dalton for cyp6ae28 and 60020 dalton for cyp6ae30, and theoretical pi values of 8.49 for cyp6ae28 and 8.56 for cyp6ae30, respectively. both putative proteins contain the conserved structural and functional domains characteristic of all ... | 2015 | 21319715 |
| ultrastructural observations on antennal sensilla of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the morphology and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques. eight morphological types of sensillum were recorded in both sexes: sensilla trichodea (s. trichodea), sensilla basiconc (s. basiconc), sensilla coeloconica (s. coeloconica), sensilla styloconica (s. styloconica), sensilla squamous (s. squamous), sensilla auricillica (s. auricillica), böhm bristles (b. bristles), ... | 2011 | 21274998 |
| resistance of cultivated rice varieties to cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée (lepidoptera: pyralidae) is a major pest in rice, oryza sativa l. (graminales: poaceae), in asia. the current study investigated the resistance of 17 rice varieties or lines to c. medinalis and behavioral responses of the insect to varieties of different corrected damage ratings (cdrs) and damaged leaves scales (dlss). the results showed that most varieties (or lines) commonly cultured in rice production were susceptible (dls 3 and 5) to damage caused by c. medina ... | 2010 | 20857724 |
| [monitoring of cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee based on canopy reflectance]. | the canopy reflectance of rice was measured in the filed in order to monitor the damaged region caused by cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee. the characteristics of canopy spectral reflectance were analyzed in contrast region and damaged regions. when rice plant was damaged by cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee, the chlorophyll absorption was decreased in the band of 600-700 nm. the canopy reflectance of moderate damage region was lower than that of the contrast region, while the reflectance of severe ... | 2010 | 20545166 |
| genetic analysis of leaffolder resistance in rice. | a double haploid (dh) population, which consists of 120 lines derived from anther culture of a typical indica and japonica hybrid 'cj06'/'tn1', was used to investigate the genetic basis for rice leaffolder resistance. using a constructed molecular linkage map, five qtls for rolled leaves were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8. the positive alleles from cj06 on chromosomes 3, 4, and 8 increased the resistance to rice leaffolder, and the alleles from tn1 on chromosomes 1 and 2 also enhance ... | 2010 | 20513633 |
| toxicity and behavioral effect of 3beta,24,25-trihydroxycycloartane and beddomei lactone on the rice leaffolder cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | treatment of dysoxylum pure triterpenes 3beta,24,25-trihydroxycycloartane and beddomei lactone to the rice leaffolder (rlf), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), resulted in prolonged larval duration and reduced larval weight. in leaf cut choice assay and topical application experiments, beddomei lactone and 3beta,24,25-trihydroxycycloartaneto showed strong antifeedant and growth inhibitor activity against fourth instar larvae of c. medinalis. also average leaf consumption ... | 2009 | 18397808 |
| molecular and biochemical markers associated with leaffolder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis g.) resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | association of molecular markers namely isozymes and simple sequence repeats (ssrs) and various biochemical markers to leaffolder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis g., a predominant insect pest of rice) resistance were studied in rice (oryza sativa l.). recombinant inbred lines (rils) of f8 generation obtained by crossing ir36 (susceptible parent) and tnaulfr831311 (moderately resistant parent) were used in this study. soluble protein content, protein profile, and peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia ly ... | 2005 | 23923546 |
| combined effect of biopesticides on the digestive enzymatic profiles of cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (the rice leaffolder) (insecta: lepidoptera: pyralidae). | plant extracts, especially botanical insecticides, are currently studied more and more because of the possibility of their use in plant protection. many of the natural plant compounds and organic compounds used in the control of insect pests are known to affect digestive enzymes. when fed a diet of rice leaves treated with botanical insecticides and bacterial toxins in bioassays, activities of the digestive enzymes protease, amylase, and lipase in the rice leaffolder larvae are affected. digesti ... | 2006 | 15946740 |
| insect resistance to nilaparvata lugens and cnaphalocrocis medinalis in transgenic indica rice and the inheritance of gna+sbti transgenes. | molecular genetic analysis and insect bioassay of transgenic indica rice 'zhuxian b' plants carrying snowdrop lectin gene (gna) and soybean trypsin inhibitor gene (sbti) were investigated in detail. pcr, 'dot' blot and pcr-southern blot analysis showed that both transgenes had been incorporated into the rice genome and transmitted up to r3 progeny in most lines tested. some transgenic lines exhibited mendelian segregation, but the other showed either 1:1 (positive: negative for the transgenes) o ... | 2005 | 15593292 |
| comparison of attractiveness in japan and china of three synthetic pheromone blends based on geographic variations in the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis(lepidoptera: pyralidae). | field bioassays using three different synthetic sex pheromone blends (indian, philippine and japanese) based on geographic variations of cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée were carried out at 11 sites in japan and in hangzhou, china. in all of the tests, only the japanese pheromone blend attracted a significant number of male moths, while the indian and philippine pheromone blends showed no marked activity. the findings in japan showed no evidence that moths of philippine or indian origin were able ... | 2002 | 12191437 |
| mechanisms of resistance in wild riceoryza brachyantha to rice leaffoldercnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | a wild rice,oryza brachyantha, was rated as highly resistant to rice leaffolder,cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), while its f1 hybrid from a cross with a high-yielding, leaffolder-susceptible rice, ir31917-45-3-2, was rated resistant in a standard screening test. in comparison with ir31917-45-3-2,o. brachyantha and the f1 hybrid were unsuitable for oviposition, survival, and growth ofc. medinalis. however, growth and survival of larvae in artificial diets containing lyophilized leaf powder of i ... | 1991 | 24258433 |
| olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric species of rice leaf folders (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to plant volatiles. | electroantennograms (eags) were recorded from male and female moths of two sympatric leaf folder species,cnaphalocrocis medinalis (gue-née) andmarasmia patnalis bradley (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to 91 volatile chemicals of plant origin. responses of both leaf folder species were similar to all compounds except to three monoterpenes-β-myrcene, menthone, and isomenthone- and two sesquiterpenes-cis-nerolidol and isophytol. response ofm. patnalis, an oligophagous leaf folder, to these compounds was h ... | 1990 | 24264320 |
| effect of steam distillate extracts of selected resistant cultivated and wild rices on behavior of leaffoldercnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | rice plant volatiles extracted as steam distillates significantly affected the behavior of the rice leaffolder,cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée). leaffolder moths laid significantly fewer eggs on tn1 rice plants treated with extracts of resistant wild species of rice,oryza officinalis andoryza punctata, than on tn1 plants treated with extracts of resistant cultivated rices. extracts ofo. officinalis ando. punctata adversely affected egg hatchability.o. officinalis ando. punctata extracts were mo ... | 1990 | 24264094 |