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[mycobacteria in the digestive tract of pink flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber roseus, pallas)].cloacal swabs were taken from 37 young wild greater flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber roseus, pallas) in camargue (south of france). neither pathogenic strain, nor environmental one were found. the absence of the latter could be attributed to the high nacl levels of the ecosystems.19817296738
genetic relatedness amongst intestinal spirochaetes isolated from rats and birds.multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to determine genetic relationships amongst 32 intestinal spirochaetes (serpulina spp.) isolated from rats (17), rheas (7), chickens, (4), ducks (2), a swan (1) and a flamingo (1). the strains were divided into 20 electrophoretic types (ets), with a mean genetic diversity per locus of 0.62. the results were compared with those previously published for porcine intestinal spirochaetes. one strain from a healthy rat, and three rhea strains which were recove ...19968987903
identification and characterization of human prickle1 and prickle2 genes as well as mouse prickle1 and prickle2 genes homologous to drosophila tissue polarity gene prickle.drosophila prickle is implicated in tissue polarity or planar polarity. here, human prickle1 gene corresponding to flj31937 cdna and human prickle2 gene corresponding to dkfzp686d143 cdna were identified to be homologous to drosophila prickle gene by using bioinformatics. prickle1 gene was mapped to human chromosome 12p11-q12, and prickle2 gene was mapped to human chromosome 3p14. mouse prickle1 and prickle2 genes were next identified in mouse genome draft sequences nw_000106.1 and nw_000262.1, ...200312525887
catastrophic mortality of flamingos in a spanish national park caused by cyanobacteria. 200212503790
expression of the ankyrin repeat domain 6 gene (ankrd6) during mouse brain development.the structure and developmental expression pattern of the ankyrin repeat domain 6 (ankrd6) gene, initially named diversin, were studied in the mouse. ankrd6 is transcribed as a 5.8-kb mrna composed of 15 exons that encodes a 712 amino acid protein with 6 ankyrin repeats. ankrd6 is expressed prominently in the developing brain from e12 to maturity, suggesting a role during brain development. in embryos, expression is maximal in ventricular zones of neuronal proliferation and intermediate zones of ...200212203740
susceptibility of flamingos to cyanobacterial toxins via feeding. 200312825708
introduction of west nile virus in the middle east by migrating white storks.west nile virus (wnv) was isolated in a flock of 1,200 migrating white storks that landed in eilat, a town in southern israel, on august 26, 1998. strong, hot westerly winds had forced the storks to fly under considerable physical stress before reaching the agricultural land surrounding the town. most of the flock were fledglings, <1 year old, which had hatched in europe. thirteen dead or dying storks were collected 2 days after arrival and submitted to the laboratory for examination. four wnv i ...200211971773
growth characteristics of the veterinary vaccine candidate chimerivax-west nile (wn) virus in aedes and culex mosquitoes.in 1999 west nile (wn) virus was introduced to north america where this flavivirus has spread rapidly among wildlife (especially birds) transmitted by various species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). increasing numbers of cases and deaths among humans, horses and other domestic animals require development of effective vaccines. 'chimerivax-west nile(vet)' is being developed for use as a veterinary vaccine to protect against wn infection. this chimeric virus contains the pre-membrane (prm) and ...200312941006
absence of humoral response in flamingos and red-tailed hawks to experimental vaccination with a killed west nile virus vaccine.sixteen chilean flamingos, phoenicopterus chiles, and 10 red-tailed hawks, buteo jamacensis, were vaccinated in the pectoral muscle with 0.2 ml of a commercially produced killed west nile virus vaccine intended for use in horses. half the birds of each species received a booster vaccination 3 weeks after the first injection. three weeks after the booster vaccination, none of 13 birds surveyed had detectable antibody to west nile virus.200314562907
differential expression of the seven-pass transmembrane cadherin genes celsr1-3 and distribution of the celsr2 protein during mouse development.drosophila flamingo (fmi) is an evolutionally conserved seven-pass transmembrane receptor of the cadherin superfamily. fmi plays multiple roles in patterning neuronal processes and epithelial planar cell polarity. to explore the in vivo roles of fmi homologs in mammals, we previously cloned one of the mouse homologs, mouse flamingo1/celsr2. here, we report the results of our study of its embryonic and postnatal expression patterns together with those of two other paralogs, celsr1 and celsr3. cel ...200211891983
west nile fever in israel 1999-2000: from geese to humans.west nile virus (wnv) caused disease outbreaks in israel in the 1950s and the late 1970s. in 1998 an outbreak of wnv in goose farms and evidence of infection in dead migratory birds were reported. consequently, human diagnostic services for wnv were resumed, including virus isolation, serology, and rt-pcr. risk factors for infection were assessed by a serological survey in 1999, which revealed a seroprevalence of (a) 86% in people who had close contact with sick geese, (b) 28% in people in areas ...200111797770
the flamingo-related mouse celsr family (celsr1-3) genes exhibit distinct patterns of expression during embryonic development.we have isolated cdnas for three members of a family of seven-pass transmembrane cadherins in mouse (celsr1, 2 and 3). these three genes represent vertebrate homologues of flamingo/starry night, recently identified as an essential component of the drosophila planar cell polarity pathway and for the correct formation of dendritic fields within the drosophila peripheral nervous system. in this study, we show that each member of the mouse celsr family exhibit distinct patterns of expression within ...200111677057
metal levels in feathers of cormorants, flamingos and gulls from the coast of namibia in southern africa.arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, selemium, and tin concentrations were measured in the feathers of cape cormorant (phalacrocorax capensis), hartlaub's gull (larus hartlaubii), kelp gull (larus dominicanus), and lesser flamingo (phoeniconaias minor) from the coast of namibia in southern africa. metal concentrations in feathers represent the concentrations in the blood supply at the time of feather formation. cape cormorants are piscivores; kelp gulls are primarily piscivores; ...200111465667
the human homologue of flamingo, egfl2, encodes a brain-expressed large cadherin-like protein with epidermal growth factor-like domains, and maps to chromosome 1p13.3-p21.1. 200010907856
phylogenetic analysis of the cadherin superfamily allows identification of six major subfamilies besides several solitary members.cadherins play an important role in specific cell-cell adhesion events. their expression appears to be tightly regulated during development and each tissue or cell type shows a characteristic pattern of cadherin molecules. inappropriate regulation of their expression levels or functionality has been observed in human malignancies, in many cases leading to aggravated cancer cell invasion and metastasis. the cadherins form a superfamily with at least six subfamilies, which can be distinguished on ...200010835267
large exons encoding multiple ectodomains are a characteristic feature of protocadherin genes.recent studies revealed a striking difference in the genomic organization of classic cadherin genes and one family of "nonclassic cadherin" genes designated protocadherins. specifically, the dna sequences encoding the ectodomain repeats of classic cadherins are interrupted by multiple introns. by contrast, all of the encoded ectodomains of each member of the protocadherin gene clusters are present in one large exon. to determine whether large ectodomain exons are a general feature of protocadher ...200010716726
origin of the west nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern united states.in late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern united states that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area. complete genome sequencing of a flavivirus isolated from the brain of a dead chilean flamingo (phoenicopterus chilensis), together with partial sequence analysis of envelope glycoprotein (e-glycoprotein) genes amplified from several other species ...199910600742
flamingo, a seven-pass transmembrane cadherin, regulates planar cell polarity under the control of frizzled.we identified a seven-pass transmembrane receptor of the cadherin superfamily, designated flamingo (fmi), localized at cell-cell boundaries in the drosophila wing. in the absence of fmi, planar polarity was distorted. before morphological polarization of wing cells along the proximal-distal (p-d) axis, fmi was redistributed predominantly to proximal and distal cell edges. this biased localization of fmi appears to be driven by an imbalance of the activity of frizzled (fz) across the proximal/dis ...199910490098
mycobacterium avium-related epizootic in free-ranging lesser flamingos in kenya.an epizootic in free-ranging lesser flamingos (phoeniconaias minor) in kenya resulted in more than 18,500 deaths from august through mid-november 1993. disease was concentrated along the shores of rift valley lakes bogoria and nakuru (kenya) and did not involve any of the other avian or mammalian species frequenting the lakes. coincidental to the outbreak was a bloom of algae on lake bogoria, toxins from which were first suspected to be causative. discrete necrotic and granulomatous lesions were ...199910231756
what parameters can be used for individual acoustic recognition by the greater flamingo?the greater flamingo phoenicopterus ruber is a colonial bird for which acoustic communication plays a great role, in particular during the mating period. the study of contact calls emitted by the adults allow enables identification of some acoustic parameters which may be used for individual recognition. it appears that the frequential values of the harmonics, the distribution of energy in the spectrum as well as beats (mimicking amplitude modulations) are susceptible to represent individual mar ...19968673616
the amino-acid sequence of alpha a- and beta-chains from the major hemoglobin component of american flamingo (phoenicopterus ruber ruber).the complete amino-acid sequence of alpha a- and beta-chains from the major hemoglobin component (hba) of american flamingo ( phoenicopterus ruber ruber) is presented. the minor component (hbd) with alpha d-chains was detected in similar amounts (25%) as in chicken and pheasant hemoglobins. the comparison of american flamingo and greylag goose (anser anser) hemoglobins shows that alpha a-chains differ by 22 exchanges and beta-chains by only 4 exchanges. two substitutions modify alpha 1 beta 1-co ...19846735355
drug resistance and r plasmids in escherichia coli strains isolated from imported pet birds.drug resistance in escherichia coli strains isolated from pet birds (mynahs, macaws, finches, common bengals, parrots, and flamingos) imported into japan from 10 foreign countries in 1977 and 1978 was investigated. of the 309 strains isolated from 127 pet birds in the animal quarantine service, 232 (75.1%) were drug resistant. furthermore, strains resistant to oxytetracycline hydrochloride, dihydrostreptomycin, and sulfadimethoxine were relatively common. resistance patterns varied from single t ...19806163947
[some mucormycoses of cattle, swine, cat, deer, and the flamingo]. 19675629476
[organ enzyme patterns and plasma enzyme activities in the chicken, ostrich and flamingo]. 19863775347
trace elements in little egrets and flamingos of camargue, france.trace elements (cd, cu, hg, pb, se, zn) were measured in nine organs (liver, kidney, breast muscle, lungs, breastbone, stomach, gizzard, spleen, feathers) of several specimens of greater flamingos (phaenicopterus ruber (pallas] and little egrets (egretta garzetta (l.] from the camargue, in the rhône river delta. in both species, individual fluctuations of cd, hg, pb, and se levels were important in all organs, whereas zn and cu, essential metals, exhibited only moderate variations. the organotro ...19883359952
a serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection in zoo animals and other animals.a survey for toxoplasma gondii (tp) infection in the animals bred or caught in and around kobe municipal oji zoo was conducted by the latex agglutination (la) test using plasma samples collected for the years from 1980 to 1988. plasma antibody to tp (greater than or equal to 1:64) was found in 5.0% (0 of 181) mammals belonging to 28 families of 10 orders and 6.7% (12 of 179) aves belonging to 22 families of 15 orders, respectively. cats, rats and pigeons caught in and around the zoo lower positi ...19892607744
cutaneous geotrichosis in the red flamingo (phoenicopterus ruber).in three flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber), which died showing extensive necrotic inflammation of the skin of the webs and the legs, the presence of abundant mycelium and arthrospores was shown in the altered dermis and epidermis. from all the lesions geotrichum candidum was isolated in pure culture. inoculation of suspensions of the fungus into domestic chickens and mice produced granulomas or more purulent nodules with central growth of abundant mycelium. from 20 of 28 experimental animals, g. ...19761265572
hypothetical stages in the evolution of modern ducks and flamingos. 1977904341
a mosaic genetic screen for genes necessary for drosophila mushroom body neuronal morphogenesis.neurons undergo extensive morphogenesis during development. to systematically identify genes important for different aspects of neuronal morphogenesis, we performed a genetic screen using the marcm system in the mushroom body (mb) neurons of the drosophila brain. mutations on the right arm of chromosome 2 (which contains approximately 20% of the drosophila genome) were made homozygous in a small subset of uniquely labeled mb neurons. independently mutagenized chromosomes (4600) were screened, yi ...200312571111
flamingo, a cadherin-type receptor involved in the drosophila planar polarity pathway, can block signaling via the canonical wnt pathway in xenopus laevis.the flamingo gene encodes a seven-pass transmembrane receptor of the cadherin super family and is one of a growing number of components identified as being necessary for the establishment of planar polarity in the drosophila wing. although vertebrate homologues of flamingo have been identified in both man and mice, no function has as yet been ascribed to them. here, we report the cloning of the xenopus homologue of flamingo (xfmi). xfmi is expressed in the dorsal ectoderm during gastrulation and ...200312755329
mutation of celsr1 disrupts planar polarity of inner ear hair cells and causes severe neural tube defects in the mouse.we identified two novel mouse mutants with abnormal head-shaking behavior and neural tube defects during the course of independent enu mutagenesis experiments. the heterozygous and homozygous mutants exhibit defects in the orientation of sensory hair cells in the organ of corti, indicating a defect in planar cell polarity. the homozygous mutants exhibit severe neural tube defects as a result of failure to initiate neural tube closure. we show that these mutants, spin cycle and crash, carry indep ...200312842012
exposure to trace elements of flamingos living in a biosphere reserve, the camargue (france).recent research has shown that some adult flamingos phoenicopterus roseus collected from the camargue biosphere reserve had tissue metal concentrations considerably higher than the average for this species. as the range of these birds is large, the origin of the contamination was unknown. blood and feather samples from nestling flamingos were therefore analysed for trace metals to determine the presence and origin of local contamination. a comparison of elemental concentration in the feathers of ...199115092161
west nile virus infection in reindeer (rangifer tarandus).west nile virus (wnv) infection in 4 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) resulted in lymphohistiocytic encephalomyelitis within the medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord. immunohistochemistry revealed wnv antigen within neurons and among mononuclear cell infiltrates. these represent the first known cases of clinical wnv infection in cervidae. clinical signs and lesions were similar to those described in horses. nucleotide sequence of a 768-bp region of the wnv e-glycoprotein gene revealed 1 nucleo ...200415152836
developmental expression profiles of celsr (flamingo) genes in the mouse.celsr, also called flamingo (fmi) genes encode proteins of the cadherin superfamily. celsr cadherins are seven-pass transmembrane proteins with nine cadherin repeats in the extracellular domain, and an anonymous intracellular c-terminus. the drosophila fmi gene regulates epithelial planar cell polarity and dendritic field deployment. the three flamingo gene orthologs in man and rodents are named, respectively, celsr1-3 and celsr1-3. celsr1 and 2 are expressed during early development, in the bra ...200211850187
ptk7/cck-4 is a novel regulator of planar cell polarity in vertebrates.in addition to the apical-basal polarity pathway operating in epithelial cells, a planar cell polarity (pcp) pathway establishes polarity within the plane of epithelial tissues and is conserved from drosophila to mammals. in drosophila, a 'core' group of pcp genes including frizzled (fz), flamingo/starry night, dishevelled (dsh), van gogh/strabismus and prickle, function to regulate wing hair, bristle and ommatidial polarity. in vertebrates, the pcp pathway regulates convergent extension movemen ...200415229603
regulation of dendritic maintenance and growth by a mammalian 7-pass transmembrane cadherin.drosophila flamingo is a 7-pass transmembrane cadherin that is necessary for dendritic patterning and axon guidance. how it works at the molecular level and whether homologs of flamingo play similar roles in mammalian neurons or not have been unanswered questions. here, we performed loss-of-function analysis using an rnai system and organotypic brain slice cultures to address the role of a mammalian flamingo homolog, celsr2. knocking down celsr2 resulted in prominent simplification of dendritic ...200415296717
investigation of outbreaks of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza in waterfowl and wild birds in hong kong in late 2002.outbreaks of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza have occurred in hong kong in chickens and other gallinaceous poultry in 1997, 2001, twice in 2002 and 2003. high mortality rates were seen in gallinaceous birds but not in domestic or wild waterfowl or other wild birds until late 2002 when highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza occurred in waterfowl (geese, ducks and swans), captive greater flamingo (phoenicopterus ruber) and other wild birds (little egret egretta garzetta) at two waterfowl pa ...200415545029
patterning of cell assemblies regulated by adhesion receptors of the cadherin superfamily.during morphogenesis, cell-cell association patterns are dynamically altered. we are interested in how cell adhesion molecules can regulate the patterning of cellular assemblies. cadherins, a group of cell-cell adhesion receptors, are crucial for the organized assembly of many cell types, but they also regulate dynamic aspects of cell association. for example, during neural crest emigration from the neural tube, the cadherin subtypes expressed by crest cells are switched from one subtype to anot ...200011128982
expression of the celsr/flamingo homologue, c-fmi1, in the early avian embryo indicates a conserved role in neural tube closure and additional roles in asymmetry and somitogenesis.flamingo is one of a core group of proteins that regulate planar cell polarity of epithelial structures within the drosophila embryo while their vertebrate counterparts have been implicated in the coordination of convergent extension movements during gastrulation and in neural tube closure, suggesting that planar polarity mechanisms also function in these processes. failure of neural tube closure is one of the most common human birth defects, and a murine flamingo (fmi) homologue, celsr1/fmi-1, ...200515614764
protocadherin celsr3 is crucial in axonal tract development.in the embryonic cns, the development of axonal tracts is required for the formation of connections and is regulated by multiple genetic and microenvironmental factors. here we show that mice with inactivation of celsr3, an ortholog of drosophila melanogaster flamingo (fmi; also known as starry night, stan) that encodes a seven-pass protocadherin, have marked, selective anomalies of several major axonal fascicles, implicating protocadherins in axonal development in the mammalian cns for the firs ...200515778712
epithelial cell polarity genes are required for neural tube closure.human neural tube defects (ntd) are a heterogeneous group that exhibit complex inheritance, making it difficult to identify the underlying cause. due to the uniform genetic background, inbred mouse strains are a more amenable target for genetic studies. we investigated the loop-tail (lp) mouse as a model for the severe ntd, craniorachischisis. a homozygous point mutation was identified in the transmembrane protein vangl2, which in drosophila has been shown to function in the planar cell polarity ...200515800847
nodule conductance varied among common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes under phosphorus deficiency.common bean genotypes bat477, cocot, dor364, flamingo, and nag310 were inoculated with rhizobium tropici ciat899 and grown under phosphorus deficiency. this treatment induced a significant decrease in shoot and nodule growth that varied among genotypes from 35% to 57% and from 45% to 61%, respectively, whereas root biomass was less affected. phosphorus deficiency affected differently the genotypes for nodule number and size, and the responses of nodulated-root o2 uptake (conr) to raising rhizosp ...200515832683
organising cells into tissues: new roles for cell adhesion molecules in planar cell polarity.planar cell polarity (pcp) is the coordinated organization of cells within the plane of the epithelium, first described in drosophila. a frizzled signalling pathway dedicated to pcp (the non-canonical frizzled pathway) acts through dishevelled and small g proteins, as does the classical wnt pathway, but then diverges downstream of dishevelled. recent studies have demonstrated a crucial role for several atypical cadherin molecules (fat, dachsous and flamingo) in controlling pcp signalling. recent ...200516099635
levels of persistent organochlorine residues in eggs of greater flamingos from the guadalquivir marshes (doñana), spain.organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) residue levels were determined in 53 unhatched eggs from greater roseus flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber). eggs were collected in 1996 from the national park of doñana (guadalquivir marshes, southwest spain), immediately after one breeding colony abandoned the nesting site due to predator attacks. the main metabolite of p,p'-ddt, p,p'-dde, was the ocp residue found at higher concentrations, with a geometric mean of 721 ng/g wet ...200516190019
wnt/pcp signaling pathway and human cancer (review).wnt/planar cell polarity (pcp) signaling pathway controls tissue polarity and cell movement through the activation of rhoa, c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), and nemo-like kinase (nlk) signaling cascades. pcp is induced in drosophila by the asymmetrical localization of frizzled-dishevelled-diego-starry night (flamingo) complex and van gogh (strabismus)-prickle complex. here, wnt/pcp signaling pathway implicated in human carcinogenesis is reviewed. human wnt5a, wnt5b, and wnt11 are representative no ...200516273260
[west nile fever].west nile virus was first detected in north america in 1999 and has spread throughout the united states and canada and into mexico and the caribbean. the cases of encephalitis in new york were diagnosed as saint louis encephalitis which was endemic in the north america. however, dead crows and dead flamingo were found around the same time in new york. american birds seldom die by saint louis encephalitis virus infection. according to viral isolation and sequencing of the genome, the causative ag ...200516363684
lead poisoning in wild birds from southern spain: a comparative study of wetland areas and species affected, and trends over time.we studied lead (pb) shot contamination in sediments from the guadalquivir marshes and six other closed-basin lagoons in southern spain that are of major importance for threatened species of waterbirds. shot densities were relatively low in doñana, ranging from 0 to 25 shot/m(2) in the top 10 cm of sediments. the density at medina lagoon (ramsar site) was 148 shot/m(2), making it the most contaminated wetland known in europe. densities in the other five lagoons ranged from 9 to 59 shot/m(2). we ...200716483652
expression of planar cell polarity genes during development of the mouse cns.atypical cadherin (celsr3) and the receptor frizzled3 (fzd3) are crucial for the development of axonal tracts in the mouse cns. celsr3 and fzd3 are orthologues of the drosophila'planar cell polarity' (pcp) genes flamingo/starry night (fmi/stan) and frizzled, respectively. reasoning that celsr3 and fzd3 might interact with pcp orthologues in mammals like they do in flies, we used mrna in situ hybridization to compare the expression of celsr3 and fzd3 with that of dishevelled 1, 2 and 3 (dvl1-3), ...200616487141
ornitholimnology: effects of grazing by the andean flamingo (phoenicoparrus andinus).experimental exclusion of the andean flamingo (phoenicoparrus andinus) from shallow water areas of a salt lake in the bolivian andes caused large increases in the biomass of microorganisms inhabiting the surface sediments, especially a large diatom (surirella wetzeli), amebas, ciliates, and nematodes. this is a conservative demonstration of the influences that water birds in general exert on the structure of aquatic ecosystems.198316593350
toxic cyanobacteria and their toxins in standing waters of kenya: implications for water resource use.phytoplankton biodiversity studies in kenya's standing waters were carried out between 2001 and 2003. toxin producing cyanobacteria were recorded in twelve water bodies. microcystis and anabaena were the most common species in freshwaters while anabaena and anabaenopsis were common in alkaline saline lakes. seven lakes with cyanobacteria blooms and a hot spring had detectable levels of microcystins and anatoxin-a. cell bound microcystins (lr equivalents) concentration ranged from 1.6-19800 micro ...200616813016
flamingo cadherin: a putative host receptor for streptococcus pneumoniae.streptococcus pneumoniae fructose bisphosphate aldolase (fba) is a cell wall-localized lectin. we demonstrate that recombinant (r) fba and anti-rfba antibodies inhibit encapsulated and unencapsulated s. pneumoniae serotype 3 adherence to a549 type ii lung carcinoma epithelial cells. a random combinatorial peptide library expressed by filamentous phage was screened with rfba. eleven of 30 rfba-binding phages inhibited 90% of s. pneumoniae adhesion to a549 cells. the insert peptide sequence of 9 o ...200717492599
antibody response of five bird species after vaccination with a killed west nile virus vaccine.west nile virus has been associated with numerous bird mortalities in the united states since 1999. five avian species at three zoological parks were selected to assess the antibody response to vaccination for west nile virus: black-footed penguins (spheniscus demersus), little blue penguins (eudyptula minor), american flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber), chilean flamingos (phoenicopterus chilensis), and attwater's prairie chickens (tympanuchus cupido attwateri). all birds were vaccinated intramusc ...200717679507
fatal hemoprotozoal infections in multiple avian species in a zoological park.over a 3-yr span, two juvenile lesser flamingos (phoeniconaias minor), two green jays (cyanocorax yncas glaucescens), and two montezuma oropendolas (psarocolius montezuma) died peracutely with no premonitory signs at a zoological park in the southern united states. at necropsy, the birds were in excellent body condition. except for one green jay, the coelomic cavities were filled with a dark serosanguineous fluid. splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were present. the livers were tan to purple with num ...200717679516
passive transfer of maternal antibodies to west nile virus in flamingo chicks (phoenicopterus chilensis and phoenicopterus ruber ruber).passive transfer of maternal antibodies against west nile virus (wnv) was studied in a captive population of chilean (phoenicopterus chilensis) and caribbean flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber ruber). transfer of wnv antibodies from hens to chicks was documented and measured by plaque-reduction neutralization test. hen titers were significantly correlated to chick titers. mean half-life of maternal wnv antibodies was 13.4 days in chicks for which half-life was measurable.200717679521
early embryonic expression patterns of the mouse flamingo and prickle orthologues.the drosophila melanogaster proteins flamingo and prickle act in the planar cell polarity (pcp) pathway, which is required for acquisition of epithelial polarity in the wing, eye, and epidermis. in mammals, pcp signaling has been shown to regulate cell movements and polarity in a variety of tissues. here, we show that the murine flamingo orthologues celsr1-3 and the prickle orthologues prickle1, prickle2, and testin have dynamic patterns of expression during pregastrulation and gastrulation stag ...200717937400
the atypical cadherin celsr3 regulates the development of the axonal blueprint.celsr3, the murine orthologue of drosophila flamingo/starry night, is a brain-specific, atypical sevenpass cadherin that plays a key role during brain development. celsr3 mutant mice die at birth of central hypoventilation. they have major anomalies of major tracts, particularly absence of anterior commissure and of all components of the internal capsule. in addition, the medial lemniscus and several longitudinal bundles in the brainstem and spinal cord are defective. this phenotype is similar t ...200718494256
loss of fat4 disrupts pcp signaling and oriented cell division and leads to cystic kidney disease.tissue organization in drosophila is regulated by the core planar cell polarity (pcp) proteins frizzled, dishevelled, prickle, van gogh and flamingo. core pcp proteins are conserved in mammals and function in mammalian tissue organization. recent studies have identified another group of drosophila pcp proteins, consisting of the protocadherins fat and dachsous (ds) and the transmembrane protein four-jointed (fj). in drosophila, fat represses fj transcription, and ds represses fat activity in pcp ...200818604206
humoral immune response to avian influenza vaccination over a six-month period in different species of captive wild birds.in december 2005, the four major swiss zoos carried out the vaccination of selected zoo birds with the adjuvant inactivated vaccine h5n2 nobilis influenza. pre- and post-vaccination antibody titers were determined either by hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test (non-galliformes) or by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (galliformes) at week 0, 5, 10, and 26 (day 0-1, 35-36, 70-71, and 182 respectively) to determine the humoral immune response to h5 antigen. after the first vaccination, th ...200818646450
spontaneous appearance of tay-sachs disease in an animal model.tay-sachs disease (tsd) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder due to an autosomal recessively inherited deficiency of beta-hexosaminidase a (hex a). deficiency of hex a in tsd is caused by a defect of the alpha-subunit resulting from mutations of the hexa gene. to date, there is no effective treatment for tsd. animal models of genetic diseases, similar to those known to exist in humans, are valuable and essential research tools for the study of potentially effective therapies. however, the ...200818693054
newcastle disease in a zoo affecting demoiselle cranes (anthropoides virgo), greater flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber) and a pied imperial pigeon (ducula bicolor).newcastle disease virus could be isolated from demoiselle cranes (anthropoides virgo), greater flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber) and a pied imperial pigeon (ducula bicolor) in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cultures. all of these birds died without prominent symptoms and had no typical pathological lesions. identification and characterisation studies of the viruses were performed in cef cultures and embryos. serological cross reactions could be detected between ndv strain b1 and the new isolates ...198118770153
molecular characterization of a poxvirus isolated from an american flamingo (phoeniconais ruber rubber).an avian poxvirus from the beak scab of an american flamingo (phoeniconais ruber rubber) was isolated by inoculation on the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicken embryos. the virus produced multifocal areas of epithelial hyperplasia along with foci of inflammation in the cam, and rare cells contained small eosinophilic intracytoplasmic bodies. chickens inoculated with the isolated virus in the feather follicle of the leg did not develop significant lesions. nucle ...200818939646
detection of planar polarity proteins in mammalian cochlea.the "core genes" were identified as a group of genes believed to function as a conserved signaling cassette for the specification of planar polarity in drosophila melanogaster, and includes frizzled (fz), van gogh (vang) or strabismus (stbm), prickle (pk), dishevelled (dsh), flamingo (fmi), and diego. the mutation of each of these genes not only causes the disruption of planar polarity within the wing or the eye of the animal, but also affects the localization of all the other protein members of ...200819099257
the protocadherin gene celsr3 is required for interneuron migration in the mouse forebrain.interneurons are extremely diverse in the mammalian brain and provide an essential balance for functional neural circuitry. the vast majority of murine cortical interneurons are generated in the subpallium and migrate tangentially over a long distance to acquire their final positions. by using a mouse line with a deletion of the celsr3 (flamingo, or fmi1) gene and a knock-in of the green fluorescent protein reporter, we find that celsr3, a member of the nonclustered protocadherin (pcdh) family, ...200919332558
assess suitability of hydroaeroponic culture to establish tripartite symbiosis between different amf species, beans, and rhizobia.like other species of the phaseoleae tribe, common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) has the potential to establish symbiosis with rhizobia and to fix the atmospheric dinitrogen (n2) for its n nutrition. common bean has also the potential to establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) that improves the uptake of low mobile nutrients such as phosphorus, from the soil. both rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses can act synergistically in benefits on plant.200919534785
contribution of hot spring cyanobacteria to the mysterious deaths of lesser flamingos at lake bogoria, kenya.cyanobacterial mats at hot springs on the shore of the alkaline lake bogoria, kenya, were investigated regarding species community and cyanobacterial toxin content. the hepatotoxins microcystin-lr, -rr, -lf and -yr, and the neurotoxin anatoxin-a were present. the mats were dominated by phormidium terebriformis, oscillatoria willei, spirulina subsalsa and synechococcus bigranulatus. the concentration of microcystins in mat samples, ranged from 221 to 845 microg microcystin-lr equivalents g(-1) dw ...200319719674
comparison of sypro ruby and flamingo fluorescent stains for application in proteomic research.fluorescent dyes are widely used for the detection and quantitation of proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. sypro ruby is one such fluorescent dye widely used for this purpose. more recently, another fluorescent dye, flamingo, is available for expression proteomic research. using a standard ultraviolet (uv) transilluminator and a charge-coupled device (ccd)-based imaging system, the relative sensitivity of these two different fluorescent stains with regard to detection of pr ...201019917264
planar cell polarity pathway genes and risk for spina bifida.spina bifida, a neural tube closure defect (ntd) involving the posterior portion of what will ultimately give rise to the spinal cord, is one of the most common and serious birth defects. the etiology of spina bifida is thought to be multi-factorial and involve multiple interacting genes and environmental factors. the causes of this congenital malformation remain largely unknown. however, several candidate genes for spina bifida have been identified in lower vertebrates, including the planar cel ...201020101694
proteomic profiling of plasmodium falciparum through improved, semiquantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) is one of the most commonly used technologies to obtain a snapshot of the proteome at any specific time. however, its application to study the plasmodial (malaria parasite) proteome is still limited due to inefficient extraction and detection methods and the extraordinarily large size of some proteins. here, we report an optimized protein extraction method, the most appropriate methods for plasmodial protein quantification and 2-de detection, and finall ...201020218691
basal enrichment within neuroepithelia suggests novel function(s) for celsr1 protein.a characteristic of the 7tm-cadherins, flamingo and celsr1, is their asymmetric protein distribution and polarized activity at neighboring epithelial cell interfaces along defined axes of planar cell polarity. here, we describe a novel distribution of celsr1 protein to the basal surface of neuroepithelial cells within both the early neural tube and a less well-defined group of ventricular zone cells at the midline of the developing spinal cord. importantly, this basal enrichment is lost in embry ...201020353824
conservative motor systems, behavioral modulation and neural plasticity.neural plasticity is a term that encompasses a vast array of changes in the nervous system in response to a wide range of environmental disturbances. the conservative manner in which nervous systems produce behavior is explored in the act of scratching the head. whether the scratching is done with the hind leg (flamingos and axis deer) or the hand (spider monkey), it is shown that, when scratching their heads, animals follow a simple rule to avoid making multiple movements simultaneously with di ...201020441780
detection of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in wild birds in castilla-la mancha (south central spain).the iberian peninsula is located along the east atlantic and black sea/mediterranean flyways and is the third ranking european country as wintering quarter for wild migrating birds after turkey and rumania. for these reasons, spanish wetlands are of importance in aiv surveillance, and of great interest for the study of the epidemiology of lpaiv under mediterranean climate conditions. nevertheless, information on prevalence of lpaiv viruses in spain is still scarce and is restricted to two serolo ...201020605691
ornithology. the pink death: die-offs of the lesser flamingo raise concern. 200616990528
reinterpreting the origins of flamingo lice: cospeciation or host-switching?the similarity of the louse faunas of flamingos and ducks has been used as evidence that these two groups of birds are closely related. however, the realization that ducks actually are more closely related to galliformes caused many workers to reinterpret this similarity in parasite faunas as host switching from ducks to flamingos. recent unexpected phylogenetic results on the relationships of waterbirds and their lice call for a reinterpretation of the origins of the lice of the enigmatic flami ...200617148381
serological response to vaccination against avian influenza in zoo-birds using an inactivated h5n9 vaccine.five hundred and forty birds in three zoos were vaccinated twice against avian influenza with a 6-week interval using an inactivated h5n9 vaccine. serological response was evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition test 4-6 weeks following the second vaccine administration. 84% of the birds seroconverted, and 76% developed a titre > or =32. the geometric mean titre after vaccination was 137. a significant species variation in response was noted; penguins, pelicans, ducks, geese, herons, guinea fow ...200717467857
new insights into the evolution of metazoan cadherins.mining newly sequenced genomes of basal metazoan organisms reveals the evolutionary origin of modern protein families. specific cell-cell adhesion and intracellular communication are key processes in multicellular animals, and members of the cadherin superfamily are essential players in these processes. mammalian genomes contain over 100 genes belonging to this superfamily. by a combination of tblastn and profile hidden markov model analyses, we made an exhaustive search for cadherins and compil ...201120817718
permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 october 2009-30 november 2009.this article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) sequencing primers to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: acanthopagrus schlegeli, anopheles lesteri, aspergillus clavatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus terreus, branchiostoma japonicum, branchiostoma belcheri, colias behrii, coryphopterus personatus, cynogolssus semilaevis, cy ...201021565039
latrophilin signalling in tissue polarity and morphogenesis.understanding the mechanisms that coordinate the polarity of cells and tissues during embryogenesis and morphogenesis is a fundamental problem in developmental biology. we have recently demonstrated that the putative neurotoxin receptor lat-1 defines a mechanism required for the alignment of cell division planes in the early embryo of the nematode c. elegans. our analysis suggests that lat-1 is required for the propagation rather than the initial establishment of polarity signals. similar to the ...201021618824
Avian poxvirus epizootic in a breeding population of Lesser Flamingos (Phoenicopterus minor) at Kamfers Dam, Kimberley, South Africa.Avian pox has a worldwide distribution, but prior to this investigation has not been reported in free-ranging flamingo populations. During observations of the first successful breeding of Lesser Flamingos on a purpose-built island, at Kamfers Dam near Kimberley, South Africa, multiple small, raised, crusted plaques on the legs and facial area were noticed on 30% of the fledgling flamingos. A diagnosis of avipoxvirus infection was made on the basis of the macroscopic, histologic, and electron mic ...201122102672
development of a halotolerant community in the st. lucia estuary (south africa) during a hypersaline phase.the st. lucia estuary, africa's largest estuarine lake, is currently experiencing unprecedented freshwater deprivation which has resulted in a northward gradient of drought effects, with hypersaline conditions in its northern lakes.201222238676
pair bonding and lateral neck-resting preferences in captive caribbean flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber).when flamingos rest, they typically lay their head on their back and curve their neck to either the right or left of their body, with both individual and population-level lateral preferences for rightward neck resting when preferences are tracked over time (anderson, williams, & o'brien, 2009). the present study attempted to replicate these previous neck-resting preferences, to examine how they changed over time, and to examine the possibility of a relationship between lateral neck-resting prefe ...201122973810
combined inoculation with glomus intraradices and rhizobium tropici ciat899 increases phosphorus use efficiency for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.).this study compared the response of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and rhizobia strain inoculation. two common bean genotypes i.e. cocot and flamingo varying in their effectiveness for nitrogen fixation were inoculated with glomus intraradices and rhizobium tropici ciat899, and grown for 50 days in soil-sand substrate in glasshouse conditions. inoculation of common bean plants with the am fungi resulted in a significant increase in nodulation compared t ...201123961175
isolation and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria from imported flamingos in japan.imported animals, especially those from developing countries, may constitute a potential hazard to native animals and to public health. in this study, a new flock of lesser flamingos imported from tanzania to hiroshima zoological park were screened for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes. thirty-seven gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained from the flamingos. seven isolates (18.9%) showed multidrug resistance phenotypes, the most commo ...200919930691
the seven-pass transmembrane cadherin flamingo controls dendritic self-avoidance via its binding to a lim domain protein, espinas, in drosophila sensory neurons.members of the flamingo cadherin family are required in a number of different in vivo contexts of neural development. even so, molecular identities downstream from the family have been poorly understood. here we show that a lim domain protein, espinas (esn), binds to an intracellular juxtamembrane domain of flamingo (fmi), and that this fmi-esn interplay elicits repulsion between dendritic branches of drosophila sensory neurons. in wild-type larvae, branches of the same class iv dendritic arbori ...021937715
differences in the vulnerability of waterbird species to botulism outbreaks in mediterranean wetlands: an assessment of ecological and physiological factors.avian botulism kills thousands of waterbirds every year, including endangered species, but information about the differences between species in vulnerability to botulism outbreaks and the capacity to act as carriers of clostridium botulinum is still poorly known. here, we estimated the vulnerability to botulism of 11 waterbird species from mediterranean wetlands by comparing the number of affected birds with the census of individuals at risk. the capacity of different species to act as carriers ...201627016572
arsenicicoccus dermatophilus sp. nov., a hypha-forming bacterium isolated from the skin of greater flamingos (phoenicopterus roseus) with pododermatitis.dermatophilus-like bacteria were observed in histological examinations of samples of diseased foot skin from greater flamingos (phoenicopterus roseus) living in zoological gardens in switzerland. when grown on tsa-sb containing polymyxin b, the bacteria isolated from these skin samples formed hyphae, as is typical for dermatophilus congolensis, but these bacteria were non-haemolytic. the closest relatives based on 16s rrna gene sequences were the two members of the genus arsenicicoccus, arsenici ...201323728373
vaccination against h5 avian influenza virus induces long-term humoral immune responses in flamingoes (phoenicopterus spp.).avian influenza (ai) can represent a threat to endangered wild birds, as demonstrated with the h5n1 highly pathogenic ai (hpai) outbreaks. vaccination against ai using inactivated h5-vaccines has been shown to induce humoral immune response in zoo bird species. in this study, the long-term efficacy of h5-vaccination was evaluated in flamingoes from barcelona zoo. specific h5-antibody titres were maintained at high levels (geometric mean titres ≥32) for over 7 years after vaccination, both agains ...201627151883
erratum to: laboratory investigations into the origin of mycoplasma synoviae isolated from a lesser flamingo (phoeniconaias minor). 201627071385
laboratory investigations into the origin of mycoplasma synoviae isolated from a lesser flamingo (phoeniconaias minor).the role of wild birds in the transmission and spread of mycoplasmas is not clear. up to now different mycoplasma species have been isolated from wild birds many of which are not considered pathogens sensu stricto for domestic flocks. this report describes the first isolation of mycoplasma synoviae in a captive lesser flamingo (phoeniconaias minor) held in a zoo in italy and the laboratory investigations performed to elucidate its origin. results showed that the strain was similar to the ms-h va ...201626968657
genetic manipulation of xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and phaffia rhodozyma.the yeasts xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (teleomorph) and phaffia rhodozyma (anamorph) are of basidiomycetous affinity and have the unique property among yeasts of producing the carotenoid pigment astaxanthin. astaxanthin imparts the attractive coloration to salmonids, crustaceans, and several birds such as the flamingo, and it has considerable economic value. microbiological and genetic techniques for manipulation are rudimentary in the yeast, while their utility would be valuable for strain de ...201222711130
west nile virus in the british virgin islands.west nile virus (wnv) first emerged in the us in 1999 and has since spread across the americas. here, we report the continued expansion of wnv to the british virgin islands following its emergence in a flock of free-roaming flamingos. histologic review of a single chick revealed lesions consistent with wnv infection, subsequently confirmed with pcr, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. full genome analysis revealed 99% sequence homology to strains circulating in the us over the past d ...201424504904
declines in migrant shorebird populations from a winter-quarter perspective.many long-distance migrating shorebird (i.e., sandpipers, plovers, flamingos, oystercatchers) populations are declining. although regular shorebird monitoring programs exist worldwide, most estimates of shorebird population trends and sizes are poor or nonexistent. we built a state-space model to estimate shorebird population trends. compared with more commonly used methods of trend estimation, state-space models are more mechanistic, allow for the separation of observation and state process, an ...201525858334
avian poxvirus infection in flamingos (phoenicopterus roseus) in a zoo in japan.two diseased flamingos (phoenicopterus roseus) with nodular lesions (pock) characteristic of poxvirus infection were found in a zoo in japan. avian poxvirus was isolated from the lesions (upper beak) of the affected birds and was genetically characterized by polymerase chain reaction, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. based on the phylogenetic analysis, the virus isolated from these flamingos was genetically close to those isolated from pigeons, suggesting the possibility of inte ...201020608547
[physical fitness in relation to age and body build of young chess players].specificity of chess training promotes sedentary lifestyle and may reduce chess players participation in different physical activities. limited physical activity leads to decrease of physical fitness and may augment the risk of overweight and obesity. it is suggested that these athletes will characterize more frequently lower physical fitness and weight/height proportions disorders. the aim of the study was evaluation of physical fitness and its relationship with age and body build of athletes.200920384179
wnt11 controls cell contact persistence by local accumulation of frizzled 7 at the plasma membrane.wnt11 is a key signal, determining cell polarization and migration during vertebrate gastrulation. it is known that wnt11 functionally interacts with several signaling components, the homologues of which control planar cell polarity in drosophila melanogaster. although in d. melanogaster these components are thought to polarize cells by asymmetrically localizing at the plasma membrane, it is not yet clear whether their subcellular localization plays a similarly important role in vertebrates. we ...200617130287
flamingo controls the planar polarity of sensory bristles and asymmetric division of sensory organ precursors in drosophila.the sensory bristles of the fruit fly drosophila are organized in a polarized fashion such that bristles on the thorax point posteriorly. these bristles are derived from asymmetric division of sensory organ precursors (sops). the numb protein, which is localized asymmetrically in a cortical crescent in each sop, segregates into only one of the two daughter cells during cell division, thereby conferring distinct fates to the daughter cells [1] [2]. in neuroblasts, establishment of apical-basal po ...199910556092
revision of the palaearctic genus gonaporus ashmead, 1902 of spider wasps (hymenoptera: pompilidae).twelve species (including six new ones) of the spider wasp genus gonaporus ashmead, 1902 are revised. the composition of the genus is discussed. six new species of gonaporus are described: g. simulator wahis & i. zonstein, sp. nov. (♀ ♂, egypt, saudi arabia, united arab emirates, mauritania), g. emiratus i. zonstein & wahis, sp. nov. (♀ ♂, united arab emirates), g. jaziratensis wahis & i. zonstein, sp. nov. (♂, united arab emirates), g. mirabilis i. zonstein & wahis, sp. nov. (♀ ♂, united arab e ...201526624052
validation of lactate measurement in american flamingo (phoenicopterus ruber) plasma and correlation with duration and difficulty of capture.capture myopathy and associated death have been reported with capture and restraint of greater flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber roseus) and lesser flamingos (phoeniconaias minor). in chickens (gallus gallus), blood lactate concentration levels have been used as indicators of muscle damage. lactate has also been used to predict survival in humans and dogs. the goals of this study were to validate two common methods for measuring lactate (i-stat and vettest analyzers) in flamingo plasma by comparin ...201223082507
bill impaction in a group of captive caribbean flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber ruber).flamingos are filter feeders that only rarely ingest larger food items. their bill anatomy is adapted to the suction, filtration, and ejection of a fluid medium. this case report documents a rare case of bill impaction in a group of caribbean flamingos (phoenicopterus ruber) that were kept in a mixed exhibit together with roseate spoonbills (platalea ajaja) and scarlet ibis (eudocimus ruber). the latter species received fatty minced meat as part of their diet, which was also accessible to the fl ...200717939357
thromboelastography in selected avian species.currently available assay methods and reagents are not optimized for evaluating avian hemostasis; therefore, assessing avian coagulopathies is challenging. recently, thromboelastography (teg), which measures the viscoelastic properties of blood, has been used clinically in mammalian species to diagnose and characterize hemostatic disorders. to evaluate teg in healthy individuals of 6 avian species, we modified existing mammalian teg protocols to allow analysis of citrated, avian whole-blood samp ...201526771317
scanning electron microscopic study on the tongues of seven avian species.the dorsal lingual surface of the grey crowned crane (balearica regulorum), american flamingo (phoenicopterus rubber), great egret (ardea alba), mallard (anas platyrhynchos), himalayan monal (lophophorus impejanus), black-necked stilt (himantopus mexicanus) and green macaw (ara militaris) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. in the grey crowned crane, the surface of the lingual apex was relatively rough. many openings of the lingual glands in both lateral regions of the lingual body we ...201627904021
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