| population dynamics of cacopsylla melanoneura (homoptera: psyllidae), a vector of apple proliferation phytoplasma in northwestern italy. | apple proliferation is a phytoplasma-associated disease transmitted by insects causing serious damage and economic losses to apple orchards. investigations were carried out in 1999 and 2000 in northwestern italy to identify the vector of apple proliferation and to study its population dynamics. yellow sticky traps and beat tray samples revealed the presence of the psyllid cacopsylla melanoneura (forster) in eight apple orchards in the aosta valley. the species completes one generation per year; ... | 2002 | 12075998 |
| transmission of apple proliferation phytoplasma by cacopsylla melanoneura (homoptera: psyllidae). | transmission trials of apple proliferation (ap) phytoplasma to healthy apple plants were carried out with cacopsylla melanoneura (forster). both field naturally infected and experimentally infected psyllids were evaluated. the capacity of the different life stages of the insect in transmitting ap was tested. overwintered adults collected in the orchards were able to transmit ap with a variable efficiency, depending on the infectivity rate of source plants. experimentally infected nymphs and spri ... | 2004 | 14998121 |
| evaluation of different insecticides and strategies against cacopsylla melanoneura (förster) (homoptera: psyllidae), a vector of apple proliferation phytoplasma. | | 2007 | 18399470 |
| cacopsylla melanoneura has no relevance as vector of apple proliferation in germany. | long-term field surveys on the distribution and natural infection rates of cacopsylla melanoneura were carried out in commercial and abandoned apple-proliferation-infected orchards throughout germany, northern switzerland, and eastern france. although the infection rates of some orchards reached up to 80%, only 0.09% of all c. melanoneura collected on apple were infected by the pathogen 'candidatus phytoplasma mali'. despite higher population densities, no infected individual was found on wild h ... | 2009 | 19453233 |
| a study of the effects of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' on the psyllid cacopsylla melanoneura (hemiptera: psyllidae). | cacopsylla melanoneura is a univoltine psyllid vector of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali', the etiological agent of apple proliferation (ap), a severe disease in european apple orchards. the influence of 'ca. p. mali' on the fitness of c. melanoneura was studied. in the spring of 2007, male-female pairs of field-collected adults were exposed to 'ca. p. mali'-infected or healthy 'golden delicious' apple shoots. exposure to these diseased shoots did not affect the life span of the adult psyllids. how ... | 2010 | 19932702 |
| effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of cacopsylla melanoneura (förster) (hemiptera: psyllidae) in a semi-field trial. | cacopsylla melanoneura (förster) is a vector of candidatus phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in european apple orchards, apple proliferation (ap). the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of c. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. | 2010 | 19937976 |
| dna-based discrimination and frequency of phytoplasma infection in the two hawthorn-feeding species, cacopsylla melanoneura and cacopsylla affinis, in northwestern italy. | a molecular tool, focused on the mitochondrial control region (cr), was developed to discriminate the two hawthorn-feeding psyllid species, cacopsylla melanoneura (förster) and c. affinis (löw), and to estimate their frequencies in mixed populations. the test was carried out in paired and single-tube amplifications and validated analysing 52 male specimens previously determined by morphological analysis. the frequencies of the two species in mixed populations in the aosta valley (northwestern it ... | 2010 | 20569524 |
| candidate insect vectors of apple proliferation in northwest spain. | the apple proliferation (ap) disease is spread mostly by two psyllids. each species plays a predominant role as ap vector that changes regionally. thus, there is an urgent need to identify the ap vectors in each region where the disease is present. this research aimed at identifying the psyllid community in apple orchards from asturias (nw spain) and studying their possible role in ap transmission. yellow sticky traps were used to monitor psyllid community in five cider-apple orchards during 2 y ... | 2016 | 27536523 |
| evagreen real-time pcr protocol for specific 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' detection and quantification in insects. | in this paper the validation and implementation of a real-time pcr protocol based on ribosomal protein genes has been carried out for sensitive and specific quantification of 'candidatus (ca.) phytoplasma mali' (apple proliferation phytoplasma, app) in insects. the method combines the use of evagreen(®) dye as chemistry detection system and the specific primer pair rpap15f-mod/rpap15r3, which amplifies a fragment of 238 bp of the ribosomal protein rplv (rpl22) gene of app. primers specificity wa ... | 2013 | 23474195 |
| population dynamics of cacopsylla melanoneura (hemiptera: psyllidae) in northeast italy and its role in the apple proliferation epidemiology in apple orchards. | in the current study, incidence of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' in an experimental apple orchard in northeast italy, in addition to abundance and phytoplasma infectivity of cacopsylla melanoneura (förster) (hemiptera: psyllidae) was determined and the role of this psyllid as a vector of 'ca. p. mali' in this region was reviewed. insect samples collected in the orchard by the beating method indicated high abundance of c. melanoneura (up to 7.92 specimens/branch); however, the psyllid c. picta wa ... | 2012 | 22606799 |
| maintenance of primary cell cultures of immunocytes from cacopsylla spp. psyllids: a new in vitro tool for the study of crop pest insects. | primary cell cultures of immunocytes have been developed from the three psyllid species cacopsylla melanoneura, cacopsylla pyri (vectors of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' and 'candidatus phytoplasma pyri', respectively) and cacopsylla crataegi. the medium most suitable of those evaluated was hert-hunter 70 (hh70) psyllid medium. in fact, good survival and proliferation of the cacopsylla immunocytes for over 60 d were observed, with mitosis activities starting at 15-d post culture. moreover, adhes ... | 2014 | 24934235 |
| molecular identification of two vector species, cacopsylla melanoneura and cacopsylla picta (hemiptera: psyllidae), of apple proliferation disease and further common psyllids of northern italy. | the psyllid species cacopsylla melanoneura (förster) and cacopsylla picta (förster) are vectors of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali', the causal agent of apple proliferation, one of the economically most important apple diseases in europe. both vectors are present in apple orchards of south tyrol and trentino provinces in northern italy. as no direct treatment of the disease is possible, monitoring of the psyllids provides information about the vector presence in the orchards and enables targeted co ... | 2015 | 26453706 |
| ecological and genetic differences between cacopsylla melanoneura (hemiptera, psyllidae) populations reveal species host plant preference. | the psyllid cacopsylla melanoneura is considered one of the vectors of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali', the causal agent of apple proliferation disease. in northern italy, overwintered c. melanoneura adults reach apple and hawthorn around the end of january. nymph development takes place between march and the end of april. the new generation adults migrate onto conifers around mid-june and come back to the host plant species after overwintering. in this study we investigated behavioural difference ... | 2013 | 23874980 |