| karyotype of south american pampas fox pseudalopex gymnocercus (carnivora, canidae). | the karyotype of the pampas fox has 2n=74 and a nf=76. except for chrysocyon brachyurus, 2n=74 is a common diploid number for the south american canidae. this number is higher than in the vulpes group and lower than in the group of the typical canis. no 'marker chromosomes' are present in the south american canidae. | 1980 | 7418837 |
| sarcoptic mange in free-ranging pampas foxes in the gran chaco, bolivia. | sarcoptes scabiei infestation was diagnosed in two freshly dead free-ranging pampas foxes (pseudalopex gymnocercus) in the gran chaco, bolivia. diagnosis was made based on histologic evaluation of skin biopsies and identification of the parasite from skin scrapings. characteristic gross lesions consistent with mange were noted in 19 of 94 observations of free-ranging pampas foxes in the region from december 1998 to january 2000. none of 16 crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) observed during the ... | 2002 | 12238385 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies from wild canids from brazil. | the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies was evaluated by the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test in serum of 57 wild canids from three different species: lycalopex gymnocercus, cerdocyon thous and dusicyon vetulus from the northeast, southeast and southern regions of brazil. the prevalence was 35.1%, with 20 of the 57 canids demonstrating antibodies anti-t. gondii at dilutions of 1:16 in 2, 1:32 in 4, 1:64 in 2, 1:128 in 2, 1:256 in 6, 1:512 in 2 and 1:2048 in 2 animals. none of ... | 2004 | 15135875 |
| detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in two species of wild canids, lycalopex gymnocercus and cerdocyon thous from brazil. | domestic dog (canis domesticus) and the coyote (canis latrans) are the only known definitive hosts for the protozoan neospora caninum that causes abortion in dairy cattle. in the present study, antibodies to n. caninum were sought in three species of wild canids, cerdocyon thous, lycalopex gymnocercus and dusicyon vetulus from brazil. antibodies to n. caninum were assayed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and the neospora agglutination test (nat). n. caninum antibodies were found ... | 2004 | 15325054 |
| ticks (acari: ixodida) on wild carnivores in brazil. | the present study reports field data of ticks infesting wild carnivores captured from july 1998 to september 2004 in brazil. additional data were obtained from one tick collection and from previous published data of ticks on carnivores in brazil. during field work, a total of 3437 ticks were collected from 89 cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), 58 chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), 30 puma concolor (puma), 26 panthera onca (jaguar), 12 procyon cancrivorus (crab-eating raccoon), 4 speothos venati ... | 2005 | 16082932 |
| parasites of free-ranging small canids and felids in the bolivian chaco. | parasite surveys of free-ranging wildlife provide important information for monitoring population health. between march 2001 and march 2003, we sampled 10 ocelots (leopardus pardalis), eight geoffroy's cats (oncifelis geoffroyi), a jaguarundi (herpailurus yaguarondi), five pampas foxes (pseudalopex gymnocercus), and three crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) at three sites in the bolivian chaco. the objective of the study was to survey the parasite fauna of these carnivores and compare prevalence ... | 2006 | 17312790 |
| hepatozoon canis infection in slovakia: imported or autochthonous? | tissue samples from nine red foxes (four samples of striated muscle tissue and five samples of heart tissue) that originated from the michalovce district (slovakia), an area with endemic occurrence of canine babesiosis were examined by pcr method using primers amplifying a fragment of the 18s rrna spanning the v4 region of babesia and theileria. an unexpected determination of 450 bp dna fragment of hepatozoon canis was found in four samples. partial sequences of the 18s rrna gene from the h. can ... | 2007 | 17627439 |
| serosurvey of small carnivores in the bolivian chaco. | five species of bolivian carnivores, including nine geoffroy's cats (oncifelis geoffroyi), ten ocelots (leopardus pardalis), one jaguarundi (herpailurus yaguarondi), nine pampas foxes (pseudalopex gymnocercus), and five crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) were sampled between march 2001 and april 2005 and tested for antibodies to common pathogens of domestic carnivores. carnivores were trapped in three areas: a village, the region between human settlements and a protected area, and within kaa-iy ... | 2007 | 17699100 |
| [helminths of pampas fox, pseudalopex gymnocercus (fischer, 1814) and of crab-eating fox, cerdocyon thous (linnaeus, 1766) in the south of the state of rio grande do sul, brazil]. | forty wild canids were captured by live trap at municipalities of pedro osorio and pelotas in southern of the state of rio grande do sul and they were transported to the parasitology laboratory at the universidade federal de pelotas. after they were posted, segments of intestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts and liver were separated and examined. animal skulls were used for taxonomic identification. of forty wild animals trapped, 22 (55%) were pseudalopex gymnocercus and 22 (55%) cerdocyon th ... | 2008 | 18823576 |
| [seroprevalence of antibodies anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii in captive wild canids]. | neosporosis is considered one of the main cause of abortion in dairy cattle in the world. the prevalence of neospora caninum in wild species has been studied since the coyote (canis latrans), a north american wild canid specie was discovered as definitive host of this parasite. the aim of the present study was to determine the serum prevalence of n. caninum and t. gondii in wild native canids species from brazil. serum samples of 25 crab-eating dogs (cerdocyon thous), five pampas fox (lycalopex ... | 2008 | 20059860 |
| trichinella infection in wild animals from endemic regions of argentina. | natural infection with trichinella has been described in more than 150 mammalian species. however, few reports of trichinella infection in wild animals have come from argentina. in this study, muscle tissue was obtained from wild animals in argentina with the aim of evaluating the presence of trichinella. a total of 169 muscle samples were collected to determine the presence of trichinella larvae by artificial digestion. the 169 muscle samples originated from 12 species including 36 opossums (di ... | 2010 | 20424859 |
| Infection with a Hepatozoon sp. closely related to Hepatozoon felis in a wild Pampas gray fox (Lycalopex -Pseudalopex -gymnocercus) co-infected with canine distemper virus. | A species of Hepatozoon closely related to Hepatozoon felis found in the skeletal and cardiac muscle of a wild Pampas gray fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) is described. The fox was euthanized after showing severe incoordination. On necropsy and histopathology there was bilateral, diffuse, severe, sub-acute, necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia, with intracytoplasmic and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies. Canine distemper virus was detected by immunohistochemistry in the bronchiolar epi ... | 2011 | 22112977 |
| learning interspecific communicative responses in pampas foxes (lycalopex gymnocercus). | domestic dogs show remarkable communicative abilities in their interaction with people. these skills maybe explained by the interaction between the domestication process and learning experiences during ontogeny. studies carried out on other species of canids, which have not been domesticated are relevant to this topic. the purpose of this article is to study the effect of instrumental learning on captive pampas foxes' (lycalopex gymnocercus) communicative responses to humans. seven foxes were te ... | 2012 | 22075371 |
| natural infection of the wild canid lycalopex gymnocercus by the protozoan rangelia vitalii, the agent of canine rangeliosis. | rangelia vitalii is a piroplasmid that causes canine rangeliosis, a severe hemorrhagic disease of domestic dogs in south america. we report about r. vitalii infecting a pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus). the fox, which developed a fatal illness, was also infected by hepatozoon canis and capillaria hepatica. | 2015 | 25932667 |
| adenoviruses of canine and human origins in stool samples from free-living pampas foxes (lycalopex gymnocercus) and crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) in são francisco de paula, rio dos sinos basin. | the spread of enteric viruses of domestic animals and human beings to wild species can be facilitated by the resistance of these viruses on the environment and their ability to be transmitted by water and contaminated food. the health status of the populations of pampas foxes lycalopex gymnocercus) and crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) is largely unknown and the landscapes occupied by these animals in southern brazil have been threatened by human occupation and expansion of agriculture. in thi ... | 2015 | 26270208 |
| survey and first molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (g1) in pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus) in buenos aires province, argentina. | echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by tapeworms of the genus echinococcus. echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) has a world-wide distribution and its transmission is primarily maintained in a synanthropic cycle with dogs as definitive hosts and livestock species as intermediate hosts. however, many wild canids also function as definitive hosts for e. granulosus s. l. echinococcosis in humans is mainly caused by e. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.) g1 genotype. in the present work, we expan ... | 2016 | 26892869 |
| reprint of "survey and first molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (g1) in pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus) in buenos aires province, argentina". | echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by tapeworms of the genus echinococcus. echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) has a world-wide distribution and its transmission is primarily maintained in a synanthropic cycle with dogs as definitive hosts and livestock species as intermediate hosts. however, many wild canids also function as definitive hosts for e. granulosus s. l. echinococcosis in humans is mainly caused by e. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.) g1 genotype. in the present work, we expan ... | 2017 | 27887693 |
| epidemiological studies on echinococcus in pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus) and european hare (lepus europaeus) in buenos aires province, argentina. | in argentina, hydatid disease caused by echinococcus granulosus is widespread. the south of buenos aires province, argentina, is one of the three regions where hydatidosis is endemic. although domestic dogs and sheep are considered to be the main hosts for e. granulosus, the potential role of wildlife in the local transmission of e. granulosus has not been investigated. the aim of this study was to estimate the hydatidosis/echinococcosis prevalence in european hare (lepus europaeus) and pampas f ... | 2013 | 23892482 |
| molecular identification of spirometra spp. (cestoda: diphyllobothriidae) in some wild animals from brazil. | species of the genus spirometra are diphyllobothriid tapeworms with complex life cycles and are involved in human sparganosis, a neglected disease that affects individuals worldwide. although some species were reported in wild felids and human cases of sparganosis were described in brazil, the biology and taxonomy of these parasites are poorly understood. in the present study, samples of diphyllobothriids (eggs and/or proglottids) obtained from the stools of wild carnivores (leopardus pardalis a ... | 2016 | 27235572 |
| the pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus) as new definitive host for spirometra erinacei (cestoda: diphyllobothriidae). | spirometra erinacei, faust, campbell and kellogg, 1929, is a pseudophyllidean cestode of the family diphyllobothriidae. the genus spirometra is cosmopolitan and these parasites infect carnivores, specially felids and canids. in argentina, s. erinacei and s. mansonoides have been reported sporadically only in domestic definitive hosts. the pampas fox, lycalopex gymnocercus, is the most abundant native carnivore in southern south america, where it inhabits grasslands and open woodlands and areas h ... | 2014 | 24561071 |
| natural infection of wild canids (cerdocyon thous and lycalopex gymnocercus) with the intraendothelial piroplasm rangelia vitalii in southern brazil. | rangelia vitalii is a piroplasm that infects canines, causing lesions typical of a hemolytic disorder. two wild canids, a crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous) and a pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus), were presented for necropsy in setor de patologia veterinária at the universidade federal do rio grande do sul, porto alegre, brazil. on gross examination, both animals had pale mucosae and moderate tick infestation (amblyomma aureolatum). there was severe splenomegaly, and the liver had a diffusely o ... | 2015 | 26251988 |
| natural infection of the wild canid, cerdocyon thous, with the piroplasmid rangelia vitalii in brazil. | canine rangeliosis, caused by the piroplasmid protozoon rangelia vitalii, is currently recognized as a reemerging disease that affects domestic dogs in brazil. in the present study, piroplasmid infection was searched in wild canids (20 cerdocyon thous and 4 lycalopex gymnocercus) in brazil. molecular analysis, based on pcr and dna sequencing of a portion of the 18s rrna gene, revealed that 30% (6/20) c. thous were infected by r. vitalii. blood and bone marrow samples from one of the r. vitalii-i ... | 2014 | 24685025 |
| molecular characterization of sarcocystis spp. in intestine mucosal scrapings and fecal samples of pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus). | sarcocystis spp. are obligatory intracellular protozoan parasites which can infect humans and animals. most of sarcocystis species were identified based on the detection of muscle cysts in different intermediate hosts (ih). regarding to natural infection in definitive host, there are few reports which have reached to determining species of sarcocystis. the present work was aimed to studying the occurrence of sarcocystis spp. (oocysts and sporocysts) in mucosal scrapings of small intestine and fe ... | 2017 | 28624295 |
| comparison of the lumbosacral plexus nerves formation in pampas fox (pseudalopex gymnocercus) and crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous) in relationship to plexus model in dogs. | in this study, the spinal nerves that constitute the lumbosacral plexus (lsp) were dissected in two species of south american wild canids (pampas fox-pseudalopex gymnocercus, and crab-eating fox-cerdocyon thous). the nerves origin and distribution in the pelvic limb were examined and compared with the lsp model of the dog described in the literature. the lsp was formed by whole ventral branches of l5 at l7 and s1, and a contribution of a one branch from s2, divided in three trunks. the trunk for ... | 2016 | 26692361 |
| species-specific responses of carnivores to human-induced landscape changes in central argentina. | the role that mammalian carnivores play in ecosystems can be deeply altered by human-driven habitat disturbance. while most carnivore species are negatively affected, the impact of habitat changes is expected to depend on their ecological flexibility. we aimed to identify key factors affecting the habitat use by four sympatric carnivore species in landscapes of central argentina. camera trapping surveys were carried out at 49 sites from 2011 to 2013. each site was characterized by 12 habitat att ... | 2016 | 26950300 |
| ancylostoma (ancylostoma) buckleyi (nematoda: ancylostomatidae): new wild host and distribution expansion. | here we report the occurrence of ancylostoma (ancylostoma) buckleyi (le roux and biocca, 1957) (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) in the small intestine of pampas foxes (lycalopex gymnocercus) (mammalia: canidae). this fox is the most abundant native carnivore in southern south america, where it inhabits grasslands, open woodlands and areas highly modified by extensive ranching and agricultural activities. material from 80 foxes in rural areas of southern buenos aires province, argentina was examined. ... | 2016 | 27276669 |
| chemical immobilisation of free-ranging pampas foxes (pseudalopex gymnocercus): assessment of ketamine-xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam combinations. | two protocols to immobilise free-ranging pampas foxes for ear-tagging or radio-collaring were evaluated. one hundred fifteen foxes were injected with ketamine-xylazine (k-x) and thirteen with tiletamine-zolazepam (t-z). the use of both t-z and k-x combinations typically resulted in a smooth induction and recovery. in 86% of the cases k-x protocol was judged effective (mean±sd, k: 10.7±3.3mg/kg, x: 1.0±1.0mg/kg) while t-z protocol was judged effective in 92% of the cases (t: 3.6±1.05mg/kg, z: 3.6 ... | 2014 | 24461336 |
| systematization and distribution of the middle cerebral artery on the brain surface in pampas fox (pseudalopex gymnocercus). | the present study has analysed 30 pampas fox brains (pseudalopex gymnocercus), injected with latex, aiming to systematize and describe the distribution and vascularization territories of the middle cerebral artery. after being originated from the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery this vessel formed the following collateral branches: rostral choroidal artery, rostral and caudal central branches and cortical branches. before crossing the lateral rhinal sulcus, the common trunk of the m ... | 2007 | 18021356 |
| brachial plexus in the pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus): a descriptive and comparative analysis. | twenty thoracic limbs of ten lycalopex gymnocercus were dissected to describe origin and distribution of the nerves forming brachial plexuses. the brachial plexus resulted from the connections between the ventral branches of the last three cervical nerves (c6, c7, and c8) and first thoracic nerve (t1). these branches connected the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves to the intrinsic musculature and connected the brachiocephalic, thoracodorsal, ... | 2017 | 27788289 |
| development and evaluation of a duplex taqman qpcr assay for detection and quantification of trypanosoma cruzi infection in domestic and sylvatic reservoir hosts. | a question of epidemiological relevance in chagas disease studies is to understand trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycles and trace the origins of (re)emerging cases in areas under vector or disease surveillance. conventional parasitological methods lack sensitivity whereas molecular approaches can fill in this gap, provided that an adequate sample can be collected and processed and a nucleic acid amplification method can be developed and standardized. we developed a duplex qpcr assay for accurat ... | 2019 | 31783770 |
| a putative novel strain of ehrlichia infecting amblyomma tigrinum associated with pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus) in esteros del iberá ecoregion, argentina. | the current work evaluated road-killed pampas foxes (lycalopex gymnocercus) and their ticks for the presence of vector-borne agents in the ecoregion esteros del iberá in northeastern argentina. spleen, lung and blood samples and amblyomma tigrinum adult ticks collected from the foxes were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays targeting bacteria of the genera ehrlichia, anaplasma, and rickettsia. all foxes tested were negative for the three genera, but evidence of ehrlichia and rickett ... | 2020 | 31711730 |
| summer habitat use and activity patterns of wild boar sus scrofa in rangelands of central argentina. | biological invasions are one of the main components of human-caused global change and their negative impact on invaded ecosystems have long been recognized. invasive mammals, in particular, can threaten native biodiversity and cause economic impacts in the region where they are introduced, often through a wide range of conflicts with humans. although the wild boar, sus scrofa, is considered by the iucn as one of the 100 invasive species most damaging to biodiversity in the world, in argentina th ... | 2018 | 30356269 |
| natural infection in pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus) by lagochilascaris major leiper, 1910 (nematoda: ascarididae) in buenos aires, argentina. | lagochilascariosis is an emerging parasitic disease limited to the american continent, caused by nematodes of the genus lagochilascaris. its life cycle is heteroxenous, involving natural definitive hosts (wild carnivores), accidental hosts (domestic carnivores and humans), and intermediate hosts (rodents). here we report, for the first time, the occurrence of lagochilascaris major in female of a pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus) which was found in the mar chiquita basin, buenos aires province, ... | 2018 | 29938376 |
| virome of crab-eating (cerdocyon thous) and pampas foxes (lycalopex gymnocercus) from southern brazil and uruguay. | crab-eating (cerdocyon thous) and pampas foxes (lycalopex gymnocercus) are wild canids distributed in south america. domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris) and wild canids may share viral pathogens, including rabies virus (rabv), canine distemper virus (cdv), and canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2). to characterize the virome of these wild canid species, the present work evaluated the spleen and mesenteric lymph node virome of 17 crab-eating and five pampas foxes using high-throughput sequencing (hts). ... | 2020 | 32580027 |
| anatomical variations in cervical vertebrae in two species of neotropical canids: what is the meaning? | anatomical variation in wild canids is rarely described. altered shapes, uni- or bilaterally situated, were observed in ventral laminae of c6 and/or in c7 vertebral body of two fox species: lycalopex gymnocercus and cerdocyon thous. the specimens were young adults, collected dead on highways in southern brazil. deformities were considered anatomical variations because apparently there was no interference in function. the occurrence of such variations in two related species from the same area can ... | 2020 | 32857880 |
| detection of rangelia vitalii (piroplasmida: babesiidae) in asymptomatic free-ranging wild canids from the pampa biome, brazil. | canine rangeliosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the protozoan rangelia vitalii, which has only been reported in south america. with this knowledge, we hypothesized that neotropical foxes could act as asymptomatic natural carriers of r. vitalii. to test this, we captured 44 free-ranging foxes and investigated the presence of r. vitalii dna, and whether the infected animals presented any clinical findings or hematological changes. eight foxes (18%), seven cerdocyon thous (7/27-25%), and one l ... | 2019 | 30778752 |
| angiostrongylosis in cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox) and lycalopex gymnocercus (pampas fox) in southern brazil. | the objective of this study was to identify species of angiostrongylus spp. infecting wild carnivores in southern brazil, as well as to describe gross and histopathological findings associated with the infection. necropsy was conducted in 16 wild carnivores parasitized by angiostrongylus spp. analysed lungs revealed multifocal dark-red areas of consolidation; in one case, multifocal firm white nodules spread in all pulmonary lobes were observed. in one animal, a focally extensive area of malacia ... | 2019 | 30394242 |
| clavicle in carnivorans: a forgotten bone. | the clavicle is a bone whose development is related to the versatility of the thoracic limbs in mammals. studies with vestigial structures are scarce and controversial, especially in the order carnivora. the objective of this study was to verify the presence and to investigate the shape and constitution of the clavicle in neotropical carnivores. in order to do this, 108 cadavers of 19 different species were collected dead on highways and were analyzed. the clavicles were submitted to dissections ... | 2020 | 31633876 |
| functional myology of the thoracic limb in pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus): a descriptive and comparative analysis. | the characteristics of the muscles of the thoracic limb were evaluated in 22 specimens of lycalopex gymnocercus. descriptive and comparative analyses showed similarity with other canids in terms of topography and tendon insertions. differences with the domestic dog were observed in the pectoralis profundus, triceps brachii and interflexorii muscles. intraspecific variations were observed in the rhomboideus capitis, serratus ventralis cervicis, extensor carpi radialis, extensor digiti i and ii, l ... | 2018 | 30318591 |
| rangelia vitalii and hepatozoon canis coinfection in pampas fox lycalopex gymnocercus from santa catarina state, brazil. | rangelia vitalii is a haemoparasite that infects erythrocytes, white blood cells and the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of blood capillaries of canids in south america, and has been detected in both domestic dogs and sylvatic canids. hepatozoon canis is a parasite that infects neutrophils and monocytes of many mammalian hosts. this study reports the infection of lycalopex gymnocercus from santa catarina, brazil, with r. vitalii and h. canis. the piroplasm was observed on both blood smears and mo ... | 2019 | 29846457 |
| ancylostoma (ancylostoma) buckleyi (nematoda: ancylostomatidae): new wild host and distribution expansion. | here we report the occurrence of ancylostoma (ancylostoma) buckleyi (le roux and biocca, 1957) (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) in the small intestine of pampas foxes (lycalopex gymnocercus) (mammalia: canidae). this fox is the most abundant native carnivore in southern south america, where it inhabits grasslands, open woodlands and areas highly modified by extensive ranching and agricultural activities. material from 80 foxes in rural areas of southern buenos aires province, argentina was examined. ... | 2016 | 27334825 |
| pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus) new intermediate host of sarcocystis svanai (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae). | several sarcocystis spp. have carnivores as definitive host and sarcocysts are common in muscles of herbivores (intermediate host). however, sarcocysts have been found in muscles of wild and domestic carnivores suggesting they are intermediate host for some sarcocystis spp. here, we report mature sarcocysts in the muscles of pampas fox (lycalopex gymnocercus). a total of 36 free-living foxes were analyzed. different skeletal muscles were assessed by microscopic and molecular methods. cysts and/o ... | 2017 | 28163250 |
| rickettsia parkeri in free-ranging wild canids from brazilian pampa. | spotted fevers are tick-borne diseases associated with various rickettsia species. rickettsia parkeri sensu stricto (s.s.) is the agent of an emerging eschar-associated rickettsiosis in humans from the usa and south american pampa. considering that r. parkeri s.s. is restricted to americas and the potential role of dogs in the epidemiology of the disease, it is thus reasonable to hypothesize that wild canids could be involved in the enzootic cycle of this rickettsiosis. the aim of this work was ... | 2017 | 29119703 |