| the lack of effect of low temperature and high turbidity on operational bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis activity against larval black flies (diptera: simuliidae). | black fly suppression programs are conducted across a wide range of environmental conditions, targeting a variety of pest species with diverse life histories. operational applications of vectobac 12as (bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) were conducted during times characterized by water temperature and turbidity extremes. applications were conducted in the yellow river in central wisconsin targeting simulium annulus and s. johannseni when water temperatures were 1-2 degrees c. applicatio ... | 2012 | 22894128 |
| cues used by the black fly, simulium annulus, for attraction to the common loon (gavia immer). | the parasitic relationship between a black fly, simulium annulus, and the common loon (gavia immer) has been considered one of the most exclusive relationships between any host species and a black fly species. to test the host specificity of this blood-feeding insect, we made a series of bird decoy presentations to black flies on loon-inhabited lakes in northern wisconsin, u.s.a. to examine the importance of chemical and visual cues for black fly detection of and attraction to hosts, we made dec ... | 2012 | 23181860 |
| a hierarchical nest survival model integrating incomplete temporally varying covariates. | nest success is a critical determinant of the dynamics of avian populations, and nest survival modeling has played a key role in advancing avian ecology and management. beginning with the development of daily nest survival models, and proceeding through subsequent extensions, the capacity for modeling the effects of hypothesized factors on nest survival has expanded greatly. we extend nest survival models further by introducing an approach to deal with incompletely observed, temporally varying c ... | 2013 | 24340185 |
| development and evaluation of methods to assess populations of black flies (diptera: simuliidae) at nests of the endangered whooping crane (grus americana). | hematophagous insects can negatively affect the reproductive success of their vertebrate hosts. to determine the influence of hematophagous insects on endangered vertebrates requires specially designed programs that minimize disturbance to the hosts and address problems associated with their small populations. we developed and evaluated a surveillance program for black flies potentially affecting a population of whooping cranes (grus americana) introduced to central wisconsin, u.s.a. in one of t ... | 2012 | 23181852 |
| spatial stratification of host-seeking diptera in boreal forests of northern europe. | the stratification of haematophagous diptera was assessed in two boreal forests in northern sweden by placing traps baited with carbon dioxide at 1.5 m, 5.0 m and 10.0 m above the ground. more than 40 000 specimens were captured, including 617 biting midges (ceratopogonidae), 4029 mosquitoes (culicidae) and 36 092 black flies (simuliidae). catches at the various trap heights reflected the general vertical distribution of the preferred hosts, with mammalophilic flies predominating (68.6%) in catc ... | 2012 | 21592156 |