| rapid communication: three unique restriction fragment length polymorphisms of ecori, pvuii, and scai digested mitochondrial dna of bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus ferus) in china. | | 1999 | 10462013 |
| a broad spectrum of mitochondrial shapes in active secretory cells of the parotid gland of the dromedary (camelus ferus f. dom.). | | 2003 | 12801081 |
| metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma and diffuse hyperplastic gastritis resembling human menétrier's disease in a camel (camelus ferus bactrianus). | a captive 16-year-old male camel (camelus ferus bactrianus) was euthanized after a prolonged period of inappetence leading to cachexia. at necropsy, there was a 7 cm large, tan, firm, well-demarcated nodule in the tunica muscularis and serosa of the distal region of c3. histologically, a gastric adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. numerous metastases were found in the liver and the hepatic lymph nodes, in the wall of the portal vein and the aorta, in the lung, heart, and pleura parietalis. osseous met ... | 2003 | 14633229 |
| a complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (camelus bactrianus ferus): an evolutionary history of camelidae. | the family camelidae that evolved in north america during the eocene survived with two distinct tribes, camelini and lamini. to investigate the evolutionary relationship between them and to further understand the evolutionary history of this family, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (camelus bactrianus ferus), the only wild survivor of the old world camel. | 2007 | 17640355 |
| interspecies embryo transfer in camelids: the birth of the first bactrian camel calves (camelus bactrianus) from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | interspecies embryo transfer is a possible approach that can be used to conserve endangered species. it could provide a useful technique to preserve the iranian and wild bactrian camels, both of which are threatened with extinction. in the present study, one bactrian camel was superovulated using decreasing doses of fsh (60, 40, 30, 30, 20, 20 mg, b.i.d.; folltropin-v; bioniche, london, on, canada) for 6 days, followed by a single injection of fsh (20 mg, i.m.) on day 7. daily ovarian ultrasonog ... | 2009 | 19210924 |
| monophyletic origin of domestic bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) and its evolutionary relationship with the extant wild camel (camelus bactrianus ferus). | the evolutionary relationship between the domestic bactrian camel and the extant wild two-humped camel and the factual origin of the domestic bactrian camel remain elusive. we determined the sequence of mitochondrial cytb gene from 21 camel samples, including 18 domestic camels (three camelus bactrianus xinjiang, three camelus bactrianus sunite, three camelus bactrianus alashan, three camelus bactrianus red, three camelus bactrianus brown and three camelus bactrianus normal) and three wild camel ... | 2009 | 19292708 |
| high mitochondrial differentiation levels between wild and domestic bactrian camels: a basis for rapid detection of maternal hybridization. | hybridization between wild species and their domestic congeners often threatens the gene pool of the wild species. the last wild bactrian camel (camelus ferus) populations in mongolia and china are examples of populations facing such a hybridization threat. to address this key issue in the conservation of wild camels, we analysed wild, hybrid and domestic bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) originating from mongolia, china and austria. through screening of an 804-base-pair mitochondrial fragmen ... | 2010 | 19968638 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 june 2010 - 31 july 2010. | this article documents the addition of 205 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: bagassa guianensis, bulweria bulwerii, camelus bactrianus, chaenogobius annularis, creontiades dilutus, diachasmimorpha tryoni, dioscorea alata, euhrychiopsis lecontei, gmelina arborea, haliotis discus hannai, hirtella physophora, melanaphis sacchari, munida isos, thaumastocoris peregrinus and tuberolachnus salignus. these loci were cro ... | 2010 | 21565125 |
| satellite telemetry of large mammals in mongolia: what expectations should we have for collar function? | the rapid pace of the development of satellite wildlife tracking tools has left little time for thorough testing of new equipment and identifying possible sources of technical failures. in the gobi and eastern steppe region of mongolia we deployed 98 satellite collars, collecting animal locations using the doppler based argos (n = 29) or the global positioning system (gps; n = 69), on 45 asiatic wild asses (equus hemionus), 34 mongolian gazelles (procapra gutturosa), 15 przewalski's horses (e. f ... | 2010 | 22003358 |
| phylogenetic and structural analysis of the pluripotency factor sex-determining region y box2 gene of camelus dromedarius (csox2). | although the sequencing information of sox2 cdna for many mammalian is available, the sox2 cdna of camelus dromedaries has not yet been characterized. the objective of this study was to sequence and characterize sox2 cdna from the brain of c. dromedarius (also known as arabian camel). a full coding sequence of the sox2 gene from the brain of c. dromedarius was amplified by reverse transcription pcrjmc and then sequenced using the 3730xl series platform sequencer (applied biosystem) for the first ... | 2016 | 27486314 |
| comparative analysis of fecal microbial communities in cattle and bactrian camels. | bactrian camels may have a unique gastrointestinal (gi) microbiome because of their distinctive digestive systems, unique eating habits and extreme living conditions. however, understanding of the microbial communities in the bactrian camel gi tract is still limited. in this study, microbial communities were investigated by comparative analyses of 16s rrna hypervariable region v4 sequences of fecal bacteria sampled from 94 animals in four population groups: inner mongolian cattle (img-cattle), i ... | 2017 | 28301489 |
| genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of bactrian camels shown by mitochondrial sequence variations. | the bactrian camel includes various domestic (camelus bactrianus) and wild (camelus ferus) breeds that are important for transportation and for their nutritional value. however, there is a lack of extensive information on their genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure. here, we studied these parameters by examining an 809-bp mtdna fragment from 113 individuals, representing 11 domestic breeds, one wild breed and two hybrid individuals. we found 15 different haplotypes, and the phylogeneti ... | 2017 | 27775167 |
| molecular phylogeny of the bactrian camel based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. | the bactrian camel is an important domesticated animal providing milk, meat, and other products in desert countries. in this study, 111 individuals representing 11 domestic bactrian camel breeds from china, mongolia, russia, and one wild bactrian camel group from mongolia were selected for the preparation of mitochondrial dna. the 1140-bp fragments of the cytochrome b gene (cytb) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced directly. sequences of the 92 domestic and 19 wild bactrian ... | 2016 | 27706756 |
| the history of old world camelids in the light of molecular genetics. | old world camels have come into the focus as sustainable livestock species, unique in their morphological and physiological characteristics and capable of providing vital products even under extreme environmental conditions. the evolutionary history of dromedary and bactrian camels traces back to the middle eocene (around 40 million years ago, mya), when the ancestors of camelus emerged on the north american continent. while the genetic status of the two domestic species has long been establishe ... | 2016 | 27048619 |
| the major histocompatibility complex in old world camelids and low polymorphism of its class ii genes. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a genomic region containing genes with crucial roles in immune responses. mhc class i and class ii genes encode antigen-presenting molecules expressed on the cell surface. to counteract the high variability of pathogens, the mhc evolved into a region of considerable heterogeneity in its organization, number and extent of polymorphism. studies of mhcs in different model species contribute to our understanding of mechanisms of immunity, diseases and th ... | 2016 | 26931144 |
| diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism markers to identify hybridization between dromedary and bactrian camels. | the technique to produce hybrid tulu or nar camels from crosses between dromedary and bactrian camels is common throughout middle eastern and central asian countries. formerly, these hybrids were highly valued as strong and persistent pack animals but today are bred to improve milk or wool quality in the respective species and for camel wrestling. we developed a diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) panel to identify cryptic ancestry in f1 hybrids and their backcrosses by selecting loc ... | 2017 | 26161164 |
| camelid ig v genes reveal significant human homology not seen in therapeutic target genes, providing for a powerful therapeutic antibody platform. | camelid immunoglobulin variable (igv) regions were found homologous to their human counterparts; however, the germline v repertoires of camelid heavy and light chains are still incomplete and their therapeutic potential is only beginning to be appreciated. we therefore leveraged the publicly available htg and wgs databases of lama pacos and camelus ferus to retrieve the germline repertoire of v genes using human igv genes as reference. in addition, we amplified igkv and iglv genes to uncover the ... | 2015 | 26018625 |
| molecular cloning of porcine sun5 gene and association between a snp with litter size trait. | sun domain-containing protein 5 (sun5) is an important reproduction related gene. in this study, we cloned the full-length coding sequence of porcine sun5 gene through rt-pcr. sequence analysis of this gene revealed that the pig sun5 gene encodes a protein of 383 amino acids that has high homology with the sun5 protein of eight species: wild bactrian camel (95%), alpaca (95%), yangtze river dolphin (94%), sperm whale (94%), sheep (93%), black flying fox (93%), goat (92%), and horse (91%). this g ... | 2017 | 28358284 |
| low-cost functional plasticity of trpv1 supports heat tolerance in squirrels and camels. | the ability to sense heat is crucial for survival. increased heat tolerance may prove beneficial by conferring the ability to inhabit otherwise prohibitive ecological niches. this phenomenon is widespread and is found in both large and small animals. for example, ground squirrels and camels can tolerate temperatures more than 40 °c better than many other mammalian species, yet a molecular mechanism subserving this ability is unclear. transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (trpv1) is a polymoda ... | 2016 | 27638213 |
| molecular cloning, mrna expression and tissue distribution analysis of slc7a11 gene in alpaca (lama paco) skins associated with different coat colors. | slc7a11 encoding solute carrier family 7 member 11 (amionic amino acid transporter light chain, xct), has been identified to be a critical genetic regulator of pheomelanin synthesis in hair and melanocytes. to better understand the molecular characterization of slc7a11 and the expression patterns in skin of white versus brown alpaca (lama paco), we cloned the full length coding sequence (cds) of alpaca slc7a11 gene and analyzed the expression patterns using real time pcr, western blotting and im ... | 2015 | 25455099 |
| serological evidence of hepatitis e virus infection in dromedary camels in ethiopia. | the genome of dromedary camel hepatitis e virus (dchev) has been detected in stool and serum samples from dromedary camels, but the sero-epidemiological information of dchev infection remains unclear. a total of 246 serum samples collected from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) in ethiopia, and 40 serum samples from bactrian camels (camelus ferus) in mongolia were examined for the detection of anti-dchev igg antibody by a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) by using dc ... | 2017 | 28438608 |
| mitogenome sequencing in the genus camelus reveals evidence for purifying selection and long-term divergence between wild and domestic bactrian camels. | the genus camelus is an interesting model to study adaptive evolution in the mitochondrial genome, as the three extant old world camel species inhabit hot and low-altitude as well as cold and high-altitude deserts. we sequenced 24 camel mitogenomes and combined them with three previously published sequences to study the role of natural selection under different environmental pressure, and to advance our understanding of the evolutionary history of the genus camelus. we confirmed the heterogeneit ... | 2017 | 28855525 |
| first cloned bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) calf produced by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer: a step towards preserving the critically endangered wild bactrian camels. | studies were conducted to explore the possibility of employing dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) oocytes as recipient cytoplasts for the development of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iscnt) embryos using skin fibroblast cells of an adult bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) and llama (llama glama) as donor nuclei. also, the embryos reconstructed with bactrian cells were transferred into the uterus of synchronized dromedary camel recipients to explore the possibility of using them ... | 2017 | 28545049 |
| space and habitat use by wild bactrian camels in the transaltai gobi of southern mongolia. | wild bactrian camels (camela ferus) are listed as critically endangered by the international union for conservation of nature (iucn) and only persist in some of the most remote locations in northern china and southern mongolia. although the species has been recognized as an umbrella species for the fragile central asian desert ecosystem and has been high on the conservation agenda, little is known about the species' habitat requirements, with most information coming from anecdotal sightings and ... | 2014 | 24695588 |
| old world camels in a modern world - a balancing act between conservation and genetic improvement. | old world camels have served humans in cross-continental caravans, transporting people and goods, connecting different cultures and providing milk, meat, wool and draught since their domestication around 3000-6000 years ago. in a world of modern transport and fast connectivity, these beasts of burden seem to be out-dated. however, a growing demand for sustainable milk and meat production, especially in countries affected by climate change and increasing desertification, brings dromedaries (camel ... | 2019 | 31532019 |
| the arabian camel, camelus dromedarius interferon epsilon: functional expression, in vitro refolding, purification and cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines. | the current study highlights, for the first time, cloning, overexpression and purification of the novel interferon epsilon (ifnɛ), from the arabian camel camelus dromedaries. the study then assesses the cytotoxicity of ifnε against two human breast cancer cell lines mda-mb-231 and mcf-7. full-length cdna encoding interferon epsilon (ifnε) was isolated and cloned from the liver of the arabian camel, c. dromedarius using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the sequence analysis of the ... | 2019 | 31490936 |
| epidemiology of selected mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members in the czech republic in 2000-2016. | the paper concerns the epidemiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) members except for m. tuberculosis in the czech republic in 2000 to 2016. m. bovis was confirmed in 18 patients. m. caprae was diagnosed in two patients in 2001 and 2016 and m. microti in one patient in 2007. m. africanum was detected in one hiv infected woman from nigeria in 2011. as regards animals, m. pinnipedii was isolated in 2009 from one southern sea lion (otaria flavescens) imported from germany. in 2002, m. ... | 2019 | 30630322 |
| mitochondrial dna variation and phylogeography of old world camels. | old world camels are a valuable genetic resource for many countries around the world due to their adaptation to the desert environment. at present, old world camels have encountered the challenge of unprecedented loss of genetic resources. through our research, we would reveal the population structure and genetic variation in old world camel populations, which provide a theoretical basis for understanding the germplasm resources and origin and evolution of different old world camel populations.. | 2020 | 32898955 |
| genome-wide identification and analysis of variants in domestic and wild bactrian camels using whole-genome sequencing data. | the population size of bactrian camels is smaller than dromedary, and they are distributed in cold and mountain regions and are also at the risk of extinction in some countries such as iran. to identify and investigate the genome-wide variations, whole-genome sequencing of two iranian bactrian camels were performed with 37.4- and 42.6-fold coverage for the first time. along with iranian bactrian camels, sequencing data from two mongolian domestic and two wild bactrian camels deposited in the ncb ... | 2020 | 32724789 |
| chromosome-level assembly of wild bactrian camel genome reveals organization of immune gene loci. | camelids are characterized by their unique adaptive immune system that exhibits the generation of homodimeric heavy-chain immunoglobulins, somatic hypermutation of t-cell receptors, and low genetic diversity of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes. however, short-read assemblies are typically highly fragmented in these gene loci owing to their repetitive and polymorphic nature. here, we constructed a chromosome-level assembly of wild bactrian camel genome based on high-coverage long-read ... | 2020 | 32012460 |
| whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across asia reveals origin and migration of domestic bactrian camels. | the domestic bactrian camels were treated as one of the principal means of locomotion between the eastern and western cultures in history. however, whether they originated from east asia or central asia remains elusive. to address this question, we perform whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across asia. the extant wild and domestic bactrian camels show remarkable genetic divergence, as they were split from dromedaries. the wild bactrian camels also contribute little to the ancestry of domesti ... | 2020 | 31925316 |
| the camel adaptive immune receptors repertoire as a singular example of structural and functional genomics. | the adaptive immune receptors repertoire is highly plastic, with its ability to produce antigen-binding molecules and select those with high affinity for their antigen. species have developed diverse genetic and structural strategies to create their respective repertoires required for their survival in the different environments. camelids, until now, considered as a case of evolutionary innovation because of their only heavy-chain antibodies, represent a new mammalian model particularly useful f ... | 2019 | 31681428 |
| comparative analysis of the trb locus in the camelus genus. | t cells can be separated into two major subsets based on the heterodimer that forms their t cell receptors. αβ t cells have receptors consisting of α and β chains, while γδ t cells are composed of γ and δ chains. αβ t cells play an essential role within the adaptive immune responses against pathogens. the recent genomic characterization of the camelus dromedarius t cell receptor β (trb) locus has allowed us to infer the structure of this locus from the draft genome sequences of its wild and dome ... | 2019 | 31231418 |
| a first y-chromosomal haplotype network to investigate male-driven population dynamics in domestic and wild bactrian camels. | polymorphic markers on the male-specific part of the y chromosome (msy) provide useful information for tracking male genealogies. while maternal lineages are well studied in old world camelids using mitochondrial dna, the lack of a y-chromosomal reference sequence hampers the analysis of male-driven demographics. recently, a shotgun assembly of the horse msy was generated based on short read next generation sequencing data. the haplotype network resulting from single copy msy variants using the ... | 2019 | 31178891 |