| the taxonomy of enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and cronobacter genomospecies 1. | enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections such as necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteraemia, meningitis and brain abscess/lesions. when the species was defined in 1980, 15 biogroups were described and it was suggested that these could represent multiple species. in this study the taxonomic relationship of strains described as e. sakazakii was further investigated. | 2007 | 17439656 |
| cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. | [enterobacter] sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections in neonates. this study further clarifies the taxonomy of isolates described as [e.] sakazakii and completes the formal description of the proposed reclassification of these organisms as novel species and subspecies within a proposed novel genus, cronobacter gen. nov. [e.] sakazakii was first defined in 1980, however recent polyphasic taxonomic analysis has determined that this group of organisms consists of several ... | 2008 | 18523192 |
| proteomic profiling of cronobacter turicensis 3032, a food-borne opportunistic pathogen. | members of the genus cronobacter are opportunistic pathogens for neonates and are often associated with contaminated milk powder formulas. at present little is known about the virulence mechanisms or the natural reservoir of these organisms. the proteome of cronobacter turicensis 3032, which has recently caused two deaths, was mapped aiming at a better understanding of physiology and putative pathogenic traits of this clinical isolate. our analyses of extracellular, surface-associated and whole- ... | 2009 | 19609963 |
| a gel-free quantitative proteomics approach to investigate temperature adaptation of the food-borne pathogen cronobacter turicensis 3032. | the opportunistic food-borne pathogen cronobacter sp. causes rare but significant illness in neonates and is capable to grow at a remarkably wide range of temperatures from 5.5 to 47 degrees c. a gel-free quantitative proteomics approach was employed to investigate the molecular basis of the cronobacter sp. adaptation to heat and cold-stress. to this end the model strain cronobacter turicensis 3032 was grown at 25, 37, 44, and 47 degrees c, and whole-cell and secreted proteins were itraq-labelle ... | 2010 | 20718006 |
| complete genome sequence of cronobacter turicensis lmg 23827, a food-borne pathogen causing deaths in neonates. | here, we report the complete and annotated genome sequence of cronobacter turicensis, an opportunistic food-borne pathogen, which is known as a rare but important cause of life-threatening neonatal infections. among all proteins of c. turicensis, 223 have been annotated as virulence- and disease-related proteins. | 2010 | 21037008 |
| phage therapy of cronobacter-induced urinary tract infection in mice. | cronobacter spp. is an opportunistic pathogen causing rare but dangerous cases of meningitis, sepsis and urinary tract infection. phage therapy overcomes antibiotic resistance and represents an alternative approach to standard antimicrobial treatment. there are no published studies on the use of phages against cronobacter spp. in vivo. the aim of our study was to prove the effects of isolated cronobacter-specific phages on renal colonization in a model of urinary tract infection in mice. | 2011 | 21709627 |
| Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Cronobacter turicensis HPB3287 as a polysaccharide containing a 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (legionaminic acid) residue. | Cronobacter turicensis, previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii, is a Gram-negative opportunistic food-borne pathogen that has been reported as a cause of life-threatening neonatal infections. From chemical and physical analyses involving composition analysis, methylation, two-dimensional high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry methods, the antigenic O-polysaccharide in the smooth-type lipopolysaccharide of C. turicensis (strain HPB 3287) was determined to be a high ... | 2011 | 21963342 |
| phylogenetic analysis of cronobacter isolates based on the rpoa and 16s rrna genes. | the reclassification of the genus cronobacter (previously known as enterobacter sakazakii) was based on a polyphasic analysis that led to the description of five species. these bacteria are opportunistic pathogens that can cause neonatal meningitis and other infections in immuno-compromised individuals. cronobacter species have been reported to show differences in sensitivity to antibiotics, heat and chemicals, as well as differences in virulence. the objective of this st ... | 2012 | 22237982 |
| cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. | a re-evaluation of the taxonomic position of five strains, one assigned to cronobacter sakazakii (strain 1330(t), isolated from spiced meat purchased in slovakia), two previously assigned to cronobacter genomospecies 1 (strains nctc 9529(t) and 731, isolated from water and a leg infection, respectively) and two previously assigned to cronobacter turicensis (strains 96 and 1435, isolated from onion powder and rye flour, respectively) was carried out. the analysis included phenotypic characterizat ... | 2011 | 22661070 |
| a cronobacter turicensis o1 antigen-specific monoclonal antibody inhibits bacterial motility and entry into epithelial cells. | cronobacter turicensis is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can cause a rare but sometimes lethal infection in neonates. little is known about the virulence mechanisms and intracellular lifestyle of this pathogen. in this study, we developed an igg monoclonal antibody (mab; mab 2g4) that specifically recognizes the o1 antigen of c. turicensis cells. the antilipopolysaccharide antibody bound predominantly monovalently to the o antigen and reduced bacterial growth without causing cell agglu ... | 2014 | 25534937 |
| development of a custom-designed, pan genomic dna microarray to characterize strain-level diversity among cronobacter spp. | cronobacter species cause infections in all age groups; however neonates are at highest risk and remain the most susceptible age group for life-threatening invasive disease. the genus contains seven species:cronobacter sakazakii, cronobacter malonaticus, cronobacter turicensis, cronobacter muytjensii, cronobacter dublinensis, cronobacter universalis, and cronobacter condimenti. despite an abundance of published genomes of these species, genomics-based epidemiology of the genus is not well establ ... | 2015 | 25984509 |
| characterization of five podoviridae phages infecting citrobacter freundii. | citrobacter freundii causes opportunistic infections in humans and animals, which are becoming difficult to treat due to increased antibiotic resistance. the aim of this study was to explore phages as potential antimicrobial agents against this opportunistic pathogen. we isolated and characterized five new virulent phages, sh1, sh2, sh3, sh4, and sh5 from sewage samples in tunisia. morphological and genomic analyses revealed that the five c. freundii phages belong to the caudovirales order, podo ... | 2016 | 27446058 |
| analysis and characterization of proteins associated with outer membrane vesicles secreted by cronobacter spp. | little is known about secretion of outer membrane vesicles (omvs) by cronobacter. in this study, omvs isolated from cronobacter sakazakii, cronobacter turicensis, and cronobacter malonaticus were examined by electron microscopy (em) and their associated outer membrane proteins (omp) and genes were analyzed by sds-page, protein sequencing, blast, pcr, and dna microarray. em of stained cells revealed that the omvs are secreted as pleomorphic micro-vesicles which cascade from the cell's surface. sd ... | 2017 | 28232819 |
| duplex real-time pcr method for the differentiation of cronobacter sakazakii and cronobacter malonaticus. | cronobacter sakazakii and cronobacter malonaticus are the most common species of cronobacter , so it is necessary to detect the two species as soon as possible in surveillance programs. we developed a real-time pcr method for identifying c. sakazakii and c. malonaticus from the genus cronobacter . in this study, the two pairs of primers and probes were designed, targeting 16s rrna and fusa, respectively. the specificity of the real-time pcr assay was validated with 112 strains of cronobacter , i ... | 2017 | 28221877 |
| characterization of cronobacter spp. isolated from food of plant origin and environmental samples collected from farms and from supermarkets in the czech republic. | the cronobacter genus (previously known as enterobacter sakazakii) comprises seven species (cronobacter sakazakii, cronobacter malonaticus, cronobacter muytjensii, cronobacter turicensis, cronobacter dublinensis, cronobacter universalis and cronobacter condimenti)which cause serious infections in neonates and immunocompromised people.most of the documented outbreaks of these bacteria have been associated with consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula. the plant environment is considere ... | 2016 | 26513253 |
| a proposed harmonized lps molecular-subtyping scheme for cronobacter species. | cronobacter are opportunistic pathogens, which cause infections in all age groups. to aid the characterization of cronobacter in foods and environments a harmonized lps identification scheme for molecular serotyping is needed. to this end, we studied 409 cronobacter isolates representing the seven cronobacter species using two previously reported molecular serotyping schemes, described here as mullane-jarvis (m-j) and sun schemes. pcr analysis revealed many overlapping results that were obtained ... | 2015 | 25998813 |
| multilocus sequence typing of cronobacter strains isolated from retail foods and environmental samples. | cronobacter spp. are bacterial pathogens that affect children and immunocompromised adults. in this study, we used multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to determine sequence types (sts) in 11 cronobacter spp. strains isolated from retail foods, 29 strains from dust samples obtained from vacuum cleaners, and 4 clinical isolates. using biochemical tests, species-specific polymerase chain reaction, and mlst analysis, 36 strains were identified as cronobacter sakazakii, and 6 were identified as cronoba ... | 2015 | 25974656 |
| cronobacter spp.--opportunistic food-borne pathogens. a review of their virulence and environmental-adaptive traits. | the genus cronobacter consists of a diverse group of gram-negative bacilli and comprises seven species: cronobacter sakazakii, cronobacter malonaticus, cronobacter muytjensii, cronobacter turicensis, cronobacter dublinensis, cronobacter universalis and cronobacter condimenti. cronobacter are regarded as opportunistic pathogens, and have been implicated in newborn and infant infections, causing meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and bacteraemia or sepsis. cronobacter virulence is believed to b ... | 2014 | 24878566 |
| surveillance and characterisation of cronobacter spp. in czech retail food and environmental samples. | cronobacter spp. (formerly enterobacter sakazakii) are emerging, opportunistic pathogens that are linked with food-borne infections in neonates and infants. in the present study, 291 samples of food, 36 samples from a dairy farm and 140 samples of dust from vacuum cleaners were examined for the presence of cronobacter spp. using chromogenic media and biochemical tests. altogether, 72 cronobacter spp. strains were isolated in accordance with the reference standard čsn p iso/ts 22964 (2006). no cr ... | 2014 | 23873391 |
| occurrence of cronobacter spp. in retail foods. | to study the occurrence of cronobacter spp. in foods and to investigate the phenotypic properties of the strains isolated. | 2012 | 22443682 |
| prevalence and subtyping of cronobacter species in goat milk powder factories in shaanxi province, china. | cronobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious diseases in neonates and infants via consumption of contaminated milk powder. to determine cronobacter spp. contamination status, 632 samples, including 15 evaporated milk, 45 intermediate powder, 150 finished products, and 422 manufacturing environment samples, were collected from 3 goat milk powder factories in shaanxi province, china, from july 2013 to april 2014. the recovered cronobacter isolates were subtyped using pulsed- ... | 2015 | 26387017 |
| evaluation of zebrafish as a model to study the pathogenesis of the opportunistic pathogen cronobacter turicensis. | bacteria belonging to the genus cronobacter spp. have been recognized as causative agents of life-threatening systemic infections, primarily in premature, low-birth weight and/or immune-compromised neonates. knowledge remains scarce regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease development. in this study, we evaluated the use of a zebrafish model to study the pathogenesis of cronobacter turicensis lmg 23827(t), a clinical isolate responsible for two fatal sepsis cases in neonates. her ... | 2015 | 26060602 |
| effect of heat shock and recovery temperature on variability of single cell lag time of cronobacter turicensis. | the effect of heat stress and subsequent recovery temperature on the individual cellular lag of cronobacter turicensis was analysed using optical density measurements. low numbers of cells were obtained through serial dilution and the time to reach an optical density of 0.035 was determined. assuming the lag of a single cell follows a shifted gamma distribution with a fixed shape parameter, the effect of recovery temperature on the individual lag of untreated and sublethally heat treated cells o ... | 2015 | 25500385 |
| characterization and genome sequence of dev2, a new t7-like bacteriophage infecting cronobacter turicensis. | cronobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria that are responsible for severe infections in neonates. powdered infant formula was confirmed to be the source in some cases. bacteriophages offer a safe means for eliminating this pathogen. in the present study, we investigated the growth parameters and genome organization of a new bacteriophage, dev2, isolated from sewage. the dev2 phage contains dna with a length of 39 kb and belongs to the t7 branch of the subfamily autographivirinae, wi ... | 2014 | 25023334 |
| taxonomic evaluation of the genus enterobacter based on multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa): proposal to reclassify e. nimipressuralis and e. amnigenus into lelliottia gen. nov. as lelliottia nimipressuralis comb. nov. and lelliottia amnigena comb. nov., respectively, e. gergoviae and e. pyrinus into pluralibacter gen. nov. as pluralibacter gergoviae comb. nov. and pluralibacter pyrinus comb. nov., respectively, e. cowanii, e. radicincitans, e. oryzae and e. arachidis into kosakonia gen. nov. as kosakonia cowanii comb. nov., kosakonia radicincitans comb. nov., kosakonia oryzae comb. nov. and kosakonia arachidis comb. nov., respectively, and e. turicensis, e. helveticus and e. pulveris into cronobacter as cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov., cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and cronobacter pulveris comb. nov., respectively, and emended description of the genera enterobacter and cronobacter. | the taxonomy of enterobacter has a complicated history, with several species transferred to and from this genus. classification of strains is difficult owing to its polyphyletic nature, based on 16s rrna gene sequences. it has been previously acknowledged that enterobacter contains species which should be transferred to other genera. in an attempt to resolve the taxonomy of enterobacter, mlsa based on partial sequencing of protein-encoding genes (gyrb, rpob, infb and atpd) was performed on the t ... | 2013 | 23632228 |
| chemical structure of the o-polysaccharides isolated from cronobacter turicensis sequence type 5 strains 57, 564, and 566. | the cronobacter spp. are gram-negative bacterial pathogens that can cause infections in all age groups, and have a high mortality rate in neonates due to necrotizing enterocolitis and meningitis. recent genotyping studies have revealed a strong clonal lineage in the genus, but this has not been compared with physiological traits. the o-polysaccharides (ops) were isolated from three c. turicensis sequence type 5 strains (57, 564, and 566) and structurally characterized using (1)h and (13)c nmr sp ... | 2013 | 23584238 |
| structure and genetics of the o-antigen of cronobacter turicensis g3882 from a new serotype, c. turicensis o2, and identification of a serotype-specific gene. | lipopolysaccharides on the cell surface of gram-negative bacteria are an important factor in pathogenicity, and the o-specific polysaccharide chain (o-polysaccharide, o-antigen) defines the immunospecificity of different bacterial strains. cronobacter turicensis is an emerging foodborne pathogen which causes severe invasive infections in neonates. in this study, a new o serotype, c. turicensis o2, was established, the structure and genetics of the o-antigen were investigated, and a serotype-spec ... | 2012 | 22834466 |