| population cytogenetics of the malaria vector anopheles leucosphyrus group. | until recently, very little was known of anopheles species complexes and their relationships to epidemiology and malaria transmission in southeast asia. during the past eight years, extensive studies on the genetics of natural populations of anopheline mosquitoes in this region, involving the interdisciplinary efforts of taxonomists, operational entomologists and biologists, have revealed groups of cryptic species of anopheles vectors, particularly the an. leucos phyrus group. this species group ... | 1988 | 3238480 |
| some observations on sympatric populations of the malaria vectors anopheles leucosphyrus and anopheles balabacensis in a village-forest setting in south kalimantan. | human bait collections of biting anopheline mosquitoes were made on five consecutive nights during september 1986 in a remote village located in a heavily forested area of south kalimantan, indonesia. anopheles leucosphyrus and an. balabacensis comprised 97.7% of the total number of specimens collected outside houses in the village. anopheles balabacensis were slightly fewer in total numbers than leucosphyrus. mosquitoes were collected simultaneously in the village and the forest on two nights. ... | 1987 | 3313741 |
| the anopheles (cellia) leucosphyrus donitz 1901 group in thailand. | | 1967 | 5617575 |
| malaria and filariasis transmission in a village/forest setting in baram district, sarawak, malaysia. | entomological investigations on malaria and bancroftian filariasis transmission were carried out in the endemic area of baram district, sarawak. the anopheles composition, survival and infection rates of malaria and filariasis were compared in the village and 0.5 km from the village ecotype, in forested areas. anopheles leucosphyrus, an. barbirostris and an. donaldi are the vectors for malaria and bancroftian filariasis in both ecotypes. biting and infection rates vary, but an. leucosphyrus diff ... | 1995 | 7783279 |
| malaria in prehistoric southeastern asia. | this paper reviews the evolutionary and natural history of malarias; it is proposed that all human malarial parasites originated from zoonotic simian plasmodiids in tropical forests of southeastern asia, during the terminal pleistocene or early holocene. the modes of malarial transmission among prehistoric natives of that geographic area is reconstructed, based primarily on ecological, archeological and ethnographic evidence. early holocene hunters and food gatherers of southeastern asia shared ... | 1995 | 8525416 |
| anopheles leucosphyrus identified as a vector of monkey malaria in malaya. | anopheles leucosphyrus, an important vector of human malaria in sarawak, borneo, was shown to be infected with plasmodium inui in malaya by the inoculation of sporozoites into an uninfected rhesus monkey. the mosquito was caught while biting a man, thus demonstrating that it would be possible for a monkey infection to be transmitted to man in nature. | 1962 | 14006429 |
| naturally acquired plasmodium knowlesi malaria in human, thailand. | we describe a case of naturally acquired infection with plasmodium knowlesi in thailand. diagnosis was confirmed by the small subunit ribosomal rna and the mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. the occurrence of simian malaria in human has signified the roles of wild primate populations in disease transmission in some malaria-endemic areas. | 2004 | 15663864 |
| six new species of the anopheles leucosphyrus group, reinterpretation of an. elegans and vector implications. | among oriental anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae), several major vectors of forest malaria belong to the group of anopheles (cellia) leucosphyrus dönitz. we have morphologically examined representative material (> 8000 specimens from seven countries) for taxonomic revision of the leucosphyrus group. six new species are here described from adult, pupal and larval stages (with illustrations of immature stages) and formally named as follows: an. latens n. sp. (= an. leucosphyrus species a o ... | 2005 | 15958025 |
| bionomics of anopheles latens in kapit, sarawak, malaysian borneo in relation to the transmission of zoonotic simian malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi. | a large focus of human infections with plasmodium knowlesi, a simian parasite naturally found in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques was discovered in the kapit division of sarawak, malaysian borneo. a study was initiated to identify the vectors of malaria, to elucidate where transmission is taking place and to understand the bionomics of the vectors in kapit. | 2008 | 18377652 |
| knowlesi malaria: newly emergent and of public health importance? | several questions on public health impact have arisen from the discovery of a large focus of the simian malaria parasite, plasmodium knowlesi, in the human population. p. knowlesi malaria is not newly emergent and was overlooked until molecular tools to distinguish between p. knowlesi and the morphologically similar plasmodium malariae became available. knowlesi malaria is a zoonosis that is widely distributed in southeast asia and can be fatal. information on knowlesi malaria should be included ... | 2008 | 18678527 |
| plasmodium knowlesi in humans, macaques and mosquitoes in peninsular malaysia. | abstract: | 2008 | 18710577 |
| use of malaria rapid diagnostic test to identify plasmodium knowlesi infection. | reports of human infection with plasmodium knowlesi, a monkey malaria, suggest that it and other nonhuman malaria species may be an emerging health problem. we report the use of a rapid test to supplement microscopic analysis in distinguishing the 5 malaria species that infect humans. | 2008 | 18976561 |
| plasmodium knowlesi from archival blood films: further evidence that human infections are widely distributed and not newly emergent in malaysian borneo. | human infections with plasmodium knowlesi have been misdiagnosed by microscopy as plasmodium malariae due to their morphological similarities. although microscopy-identified p. malariae cases have been reported in the state of sarawak (malaysian borneo) as early as 1952, recent epidemiological studies suggest the absence of indigenous p. malariae infections. the present study aimed to determine the past incidence and distribution of p. knowlesi infections in the state of sarawak based on archiva ... | 2009 | 19358848 |
| patterns of co-speciation and host switching in primate malaria parasites. | the evolutionary history of many parasites is dependent on the evolution of their hosts, leading to an association between host and parasite phylogenies. however, frequent host switches across broad phylogenetic distances may weaken this close evolutionary link, especially when vectors are involved in parasites transmission, as is the case for malaria pathogens. several studies suggested that the evolution of the primate-infective malaria lineages may be constrained by the phylogenetic relations ... | 2009 | 19463162 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: an important yet overlooked human malaria parasite. | | 2009 | 19567722 |
| human plasmodium knowlesi infections in young children in central vietnam. | considering increasing reports on human infections by plasmodium knowlesi in southeast asian countries, blood samples collected during two large cross-sectional malariometric surveys carried out in a forested area of central vietnam in 2004 and 2005 were screened for this parasite. | 2009 | 19878553 |
| molecular epidemiological investigation of plasmodium knowlesi in humans and macaques in singapore. | singapore reported its first locally acquired human plasmodium knowlesi infection in 2007, involving a soldier who had undergone training in a forested area where long-tailed macaques are frequently seen. comprehensive disease surveillance and monitoring system that was set up after the initial case detected four additional human p. knowlesi cases in 2007 and one in 2008. all involved military personnel who had undergone training in the forested area, and none had traveled out of singapore 1 mon ... | 2011 | 20586605 |
| indigenous plasmodium ovale malaria in bangladesh. | in spite of the high prevalence of malaria in southeastern bangladesh, there remains a significant shortage of information regarding the presence of three of five human malaria parasites: plasmodium ovale, p. malariae, and p. knowlesi. the presence of p. ovale and p. knowlesi has previously never been reported from bangladesh. we used a genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction, targeting highly conserved regions of the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene, to investiga ... | 2010 | 20595481 |
| first case of detection of plasmodium knowlesi in spain by real time pcr in a traveller from southeast asia. | previously, plasmodium knowlesi was not considered as a species of plasmodium that could cause malaria in human beings, as it is parasite of long-tailed (macaca fascicularis) and pig-tailed (macaca nemestrina) macaques found in southeast asia. a case of infection by p. knowlesi is described in a spanish traveller, who came back to spain with daily fever after his last overseas travel, which was a six-month holiday in forested areas of southeast asia between 2008 and 2009. his p. knowlesi infecti ... | 2010 | 20663184 |
| clinical and parasitological response to oral chloroquine and primaquine in uncomplicated human plasmodium knowlesi infections. | plasmodium knowlesi is a cause of symptomatic and potentially fatal infections in humans. there are no studies assessing the detailed parasitological response to treatment of knowlesi malaria infections in man and whether antimalarial resistance occurs. | 2010 | 20723228 |
| malaria distribution, prevalence, drug resistance and control in indonesia. | approximately 230 million people live in indonesia. the country is also home to over 20 anopheline vectors of malaria which transmit all four of the species of plasmodium that routinely infect humans. a complex mosaic of risk of infection across this 5000-km-long archipelago of thousands of islands and distinctive habitats seriously challenges efforts to control malaria. social, economic and political dimensions contribute to these complexities. this chapter examines malaria and its control in i ... | 2011 | 21295677 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: reservoir hosts and tracking the emergence in humans and macaques. | plasmodium knowlesi, a malaria parasite originally thought to be restricted to macaques in southeast asia, has recently been recognized as a significant cause of human malaria. unlike the benign and morphologically similar p. malariae, these parasites can lead to fatal infections. malaria parasites, including p. knowlesi, have not yet been detected in macaques of the kapit division of malaysian borneo, where the majority of human knowlesi malaria cases have been reported. in order to extend our ... | 2011 | 21490952 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the asia-pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic precis. | abstract: background: the final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (dvs) of malaria is presented here. the first publication examined the dvs from the americas, with the second covering those species present in africa, europe and the middle east. here we discuss the 19 dvs of the asian-pacific region. this region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence ... | 2011 | 21612587 |
| Plasmodium knowlesi: A Malaria Parasite of Monkeys and Humans (*). | Plasmodium knowlesi is a malaria parasite of monkeys of Southeast Asia that is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Anopheles leucosphyrus group. Humans are frequently infected with this parasite and misdiagnosed as being infected with Plasmodium malariae. The parasite was a major monkey animal model for developing antimalarial vaccines and investigations of the biology of parasite invasion. P. knowlesi is the first monkey malaria parasite genome to be sequenced and annotated. | 2012 | 22149265 |
| Incidence of malaria in the interior division of sabah, malaysian borneo, based on nested PCR. | Introduction. Malaria is currently one of the most prevalent parasite-transmitted diseases caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Misidentification of human malaria parasites especially P. knowlesi based on microscopic examination is very common. The objectives of this paper were to accurately identify the incidence of human malaria parasites in the interior division of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) and to determine the misidentification rate in hum ... | 2011 | 22013506 |
| estimating geographical variation in the risk of zoonotic plasmodium knowlesi infection in countries eliminating malaria. | infection by the simian malaria parasite, plasmodium knowlesi, can lead to severe and fatal disease in humans, and is the most common cause of malaria in parts of malaysia. despite being a serious public health concern, the geographical distribution of p. knowlesi malaria risk is poorly understood because the parasite is often misidentified as one of the human malarias. human cases have been confirmed in at least nine southeast asian countries, many of which are making progress towards eliminati ... | 2016 | 27494405 |
| mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids - a review. | constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. one of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) is the target of pyrethroids and ddt insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultur ... | 2014 | 25292318 |
| transmission and control of plasmodium knowlesi: a mathematical modelling study. | plasmodium knowlesi is now recognised as a leading cause of malaria in malaysia. as humans come into increasing contact with the reservoir host (long-tailed macaques) as a consequence of deforestation, assessing the potential for a shift from zoonotic to sustained p. knowlesi transmission between humans is critical. | 2014 | 25058400 |
| the insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the mekong region. | knowledge on insecticide resistance in target species is a basic requirement to guide insecticide use in malaria control programmes. malaria transmission in the mekong region is mainly concentrated in forested areas along the country borders, so that decisions on insecticide use should ideally be made at regional level. consequently, cross-country monitoring of insecticide resistance is indispensable to acquire comparable baseline data on insecticide resistance. | 2008 | 18534006 |
| partial mitochondrial dna sequences suggest the existence of a cryptic species within the leucosphyrus group of the genus anopheles (diptera: culicidae), forest malaria vectors, in northern vietnam. | during the last decade, southeast asian countries have been very successful in reducing the burden of malaria. however, malaria remains endemic in these countries, especially in remote and forested areas. the leucosphyrus group of the genus anopheles harbors the most important malaria vectors in forested areas of southeast asia. in vietnam, previous molecular studies have resulted in the identification of only anopheles dirus sensu stricto (previously known as an. dirus species a) among the leuc ... | 2010 | 20433694 |
| zoonotic malaria - global overview and research and policy needs. | the four main plasmodium species that cause human malaria, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale, are transmitted between humans by mosquito vectors belonging to the genus anopheles. it has recently become evident that plasmodium knowlesi, a parasite that typically infects forest macaque monkeys, can be transmitted by anophelines to cause malaria in humans in southeast asia. plasmodium knowlesi infections are frequently misdiagnosed microscopically as ... | 2014 | 25184118 |
| increased detection of plasmodium knowlesi in sandakan division, sabah as revealed by plasmonex™. | plasmodium knowlesi is a simian malaria parasite that is widespread in humans in malaysian borneo. however, little is known about the incidence and distribution of this parasite in the sandakan division, malaysian borneo. therefore, the aim of the present epidemiological study was to investigate the incidence and distribution of p. knowlesi as well as other plasmodium species in this division based on a most recent developed hexaplex pcr system (plasmonex™). | 2013 | 23902626 |
| malaria risk factor assessment using active and passive surveillance data from aceh besar, indonesia, a low endemic, malaria elimination setting with plasmodium knowlesi, plasmodium vivax, and plasmodium falciparum. | as malaria transmission declines, it becomes more geographically focused and more likely due to asymptomatic and non-falciparum infections. to inform malaria elimination planning in the context of this changing epidemiology, local assessments on the risk factors for malaria infection are necessary, yet challenging due to the low number of malaria cases. | 2016 | 27619000 |
| ultraviolet-visible study on acid-base equilibria of aporphine alkaloids with antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities from alseodaphne corneri and dehaasia longipedicellata. | the uv-vis spectra of isocorydine 1, norisocorydine 2 and boldine 3 were studied in 2% v/v acetonitrile, at constant ionic strength (0.1 m nacl, 35 degree celsius). the pk(a) values of isocorydine 1 and norisocorydine 2 were 11.75 and 12.07, respectively. boldine 3 gave a pk(a) value of 9.16 and 10.44. all of the alkaloids 1-3 were stable at physiological ph; thereby all of them will not ionize, thus permitting the basic nitrogen to be protonated and accumulated within the acidic food vacuole of ... | 2016 | 26898753 |
| association between landscape factors and spatial patterns of plasmodium knowlesi infections in sabah, malaysia. | the zoonotic malaria species plasmodium knowlesi has become the main cause of human malaria in malaysian borneo. deforestation and associated environmental and population changes have been hypothesized as main drivers of this apparent emergence. we gathered village-level data for p. knowlesi incidence for the districts of kudat and kota marudu in sabah state, malaysia, for 2008-2012. we adjusted malaria records from routine reporting systems to reflect the diagnostic uncertainty of microscopy fo ... | 0 | 26812373 |
| seasonal and spatial dynamics of the primary vector of plasmodium knowlesi within a major transmission focus in sabah, malaysia. | the simian malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi is emerging as a public health problem in southeast asia, particularly in malaysian borneo where it now accounts for the greatest burden of malaria cases and deaths. control is hindered by limited understanding of the ecology of potential vector species. | 2015 | 26448052 |
| population genomic structure and adaptation in the zoonotic malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi. | malaria cases caused by the zoonotic parasite plasmodium knowlesi are being increasingly reported throughout southeast asia and in travelers returning from the region. to test for evidence of signatures of selection or unusual population structure in this parasite, we surveyed genome sequence diversity in 48 clinical isolates recently sampled from malaysian borneo and in five lines maintained in laboratory rhesus macaques after isolation in the 1960s from peninsular malaysia and the philippines. ... | 2015 | 26438871 |
| humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of anopheles dirus mosquitoes in south-central vietnam. | recent studies have described natural human infections of the non-human primate parasites plasmodium knowlesi and plasmodium cynomolgi. in southeast asia, mosquitoes of the anopheles leucosphyrus group bite both humans and monkeys in the forest and thus offer a possible route for plasmodium species to bridge the species barrier. in this study we analysed the species composition of malarial sporozoites infecting the salivary glands of anopheles dirus in order to determine their potential role as ... | 2015 | 26178324 |
| admixture in humans of two divergent plasmodium knowlesi populations associated with different macaque host species. | human malaria parasite species were originally acquired from other primate hosts and subsequently became endemic, then spread throughout large parts of the world. a major zoonosis is now occurring with plasmodium knowlesi from macaques in southeast asia, with a recent acceleration in numbers of reported cases particularly in malaysia. to investigate the parasite population genetics, we developed sensitive and species-specific microsatellite genotyping protocols and applied these to analysis of s ... | 2015 | 26020959 |
| contrasting transmission dynamics of co-endemic plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum: implications for malaria control and elimination. | outside of africa, p. falciparum and p. vivax usually coexist. in such co-endemic regions, successful malaria control programs have a greater impact on reducing falciparum malaria, resulting in p. vivax becoming the predominant species of infection. adding to the challenges of elimination, the dormant liver stage complicates efforts to monitor the impact of ongoing interventions against p. vivax. we investigated molecular approaches to inform the respective transmission dynamics of p. falciparum ... | 2015 | 25951184 |
| low levels of polymorphisms and no evidence for diversifying selection on the plasmodium knowlesi apical membrane antigen 1 gene. | infection with plasmodium knowlesi, a zoonotic primate malaria, is a growing human health problem in southeast asia. p. knowlesi is being used in malaria vaccine studies, and a number of proteins are being considered as candidate malaria vaccine antigens, including the apical membrane antigen 1 (ama1). in order to determine genetic diversity of the ama1 gene and to identify epitopes of ama1 under strongest immune selection, the ama1 gene of 52 p. knowlesi isolates derived from human infections w ... | 2015 | 25881166 |
| factors that are associated with the risk of acquiring plasmodium knowlesi malaria in sabah, malaysia: a case-control study protocol. | plasmodium knowlesi has long been present in malaysia, and is now an emerging cause of zoonotic human malaria. cases have been confirmed throughout south-east asia where the ranges of its natural macaque hosts and anopheles leucosphyrus group vectors overlap. the majority of cases are from eastern malaysia, with increasing total public health notifications despite a concurrent reduction in plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax malaria. the public health implications are concerning given p. knowlesi ... | 2014 | 25149186 |
| a study protocol for a randomised open-label clinical trial of artesunate-mefloquine versus chloroquine in patients with non-severe plasmodium knowlesi malaria in sabah, malaysia (act know trial). | malaria due to plasmodium knowlesi is reported throughout south-east asia, and is the commonest cause of it in malaysia. p. knowlesi replicates every 24 h and can cause severe disease and death. current 2010 who malaria treatment guidelines have no recommendations for the optimal treatment of non-severe knowlesi malaria. artemisinin-combination therapies (act) and chloroquine have each been successfully used to treat knowlesi malaria; however, the rapidity of parasite clearance has not been pros ... | 2014 | 25138814 |
| defining the geographical range of the plasmodium knowlesi reservoir. | the simian malaria parasite, plasmodium knowlesi, can cause severe and fatal disease in humans yet it is rarely included in routine public health reporting systems for malaria and its geographical range is largely unknown. because malaria caused by p. knowlesi is a truly neglected tropical disease, there are substantial obstacles to defining the geographical extent and risk of this disease. information is required on the occurrence of human cases in different locations, on which non-human primat ... | 2014 | 24676231 |
| recent advances in detection of plasmodium ovale: implications of separation into the two species plasmodium ovale wallikeri and plasmodium ovale curtisi. | recent molecular studies indicate that plasmodium ovale malaria is caused by two closely related species of protozoan parasites, thereby imposing new challenges for detection and species differentiation. this minireview explores the potential value of innovative methods for the molecular diagnosis of malaria with a strong emphasis on the discrimination and genotyping of p. ovale wallikeri and p. ovale curtisi as well as tools for the simultaneous detection of p. ovale sp. an update for the widel ... | 2013 | 24478466 |
| plasmodium knowlesi infection: a diagnostic challenge. | plasmodium knowlesi malaria is an uncommon, but highly prevalent parasitic infection in parts of malaysia. this is the case of a 14-year-old singaporean boy presenting to our emergency department with an 11-day history of fever following a school trip to malaysia. hepatosplenomegaly was the only clinical finding; laboratory tests showed thrombocytopaenia, lymphopaenia, mild anaemia and liver transaminitis. specific malaria antigen tests were negative, but the peripheral blood film showed plasmod ... | 2013 | 23608876 |
| co-incidental plasmodium knowlesi and mucormycosis infections presenting with acute kidney injury and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. | plasmodium knowlesi is frequently reported in southeast asian countries and is now widely regarded as the fifth malarial parasite. mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection that can occur in patients with a weakened immune system. | 2013 | 23826445 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity of a pldh-based and an aldolase-based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of uncomplicated and severe malaria caused by pcr-confirmed plasmodium knowlesi, plasmodium falciparum, and plasmodium vivax. | plasmodium knowlesi can cause severe and fatal human malaria in southeast asia. rapid diagnosis of all plasmodium species is essential for initiation of effective treatment. rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are sensitive for detection of uncomplicated and severe falciparum malaria but have not been systematically evaluated in knowlesi malaria. at a tertiary referral hospital in sabah, malaysia, we prospectively evaluated the sensitivity of two combination rdts for the diagnosis of uncomplicated and ... | 2013 | 23345297 |
| human infections and detection of plasmodium knowlesi. | plasmodium knowlesi is a malaria parasite that is found in nature in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques. naturally acquired human infections were thought to be extremely rare until a large focus of human infections was reported in 2004 in sarawak, malaysian borneo. human infections have since been described throughout southeast asia, and p. knowlesi is now recognized as the fifth species of plasmodium causing malaria in humans. the molecular, entomological, and epidemiological data indicate tha ... | 0 | 23554413 |
| increasing incidence of plasmodium knowlesi malaria following control of p. falciparum and p. vivax malaria in sabah, malaysia. | the simian parasite plasmodium knowlesi is a common cause of human malaria in malaysian borneo and threatens the prospect of malaria elimination. however, little is known about the emergence of p. knowlesi, particularly in sabah. we reviewed sabah department of health records to investigate the trend of each malaria species over time. | 2013 | 23359830 |
| epidemiology of plasmodium knowlesi malaria in north-east sabah, malaysia: family clusters and wide age distribution. | the simian parasite plasmodium knowlesi is a common cause of human malaria in malaysian borneo, with a particularly high incidence in kudat, sabah. little is known however about the epidemiology in this substantially deforested region. | 2012 | 23216947 |
| emerging protozoal pathogens in india: how prepared are we to face the threat? | emerging protozoal pathogens have become a major threat to human health. the number of protozoal pathogens causing human disease has been on the rise since the last two to three decades. significant increase in the number of immunocompromised people, increase in international travel, deforestation, and widespread urban dwellings are some of the factors contributing to this changing epidemiology of protozoal diseases. apart from naegleria and acanthamoeba, other free-living amoebae like balamuthi ... | 0 | 23508066 |
| a malaria-control experiment in the interior of borneo. | a first experiment on malaria control in the interior of borneo by spraying with residual insecticides is described. the work was carried out in the isolated, sparsely populated valleys of the baram river and its tributary, the tinjar, in northern sarawak. the experimental area was divided into three parts: a ddt test area, where a 75% suspension of wettable powder was applied at the rate of 2 g of ddt per m(2) of surface; a bhc test area, where a 50% suspension of wettable powder was applied at ... | 0 | 13404443 |
| malaria in sarawak and brunei. | a general malaria survey of sarawak and brunei, two of the territories of british borneo, is described. contrary to what was expected in view of the climate and the general conditions, the prevalence of malaria in sarawak and brunei proved, on the average, to be low. the coastal areas were found to be practically free from the disease, although epidemics have occurred there in recent years. malaria was found to be endemic in the hilly and mountainous interior. in fact, topography proved to be an ... | 0 | 13404442 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: from malaysia, a novel health care threat. | epidemic foci of plasmodium knowlesi malaria have been identified during the past ten years in malaysia, in particular in the states of sarawak and sabah (malaysia borneo), and in the pahang region (peninsular malaysia). based on a review of the available recent international literature, the authors underline the importance of molecular biology examinations, polymerase chain reactions (pcr), performed with primers specific for p. knowlesi, since the current microscopic examination (haemoscope) m ... | 2012 | 22475654 |
| [the first monkey malaria in turkey: a case of plasmodium knowlesi]. | plasmodium knowlesi is now added to the known four plasmodium species (p.vivax, p.falciparum, p.malariae, p.ovale) as a cause of malaria in humans because of the recent increasing rate of cases reported from countries of southeastern asia. p.knowlesi which infects macaque monkeys (macaca fascicularis and m.nemestrina) is transmitted to humans especially by anopheles leucosphyrus and an.hackeri mosquitos. first human cases of p.knowlesi malaria have been detected in malaysia which have reached hi ... | 2016 | 27525405 |
| cytogenetic evidence for two species within the current concept of the malaria vector anopheles leucosphyrus in southeast asia. | karyotypes and crossing relationships were investigated for three allopatric populations of anopheles leucosphyrus in southeast asia: south kalimantan, sumatra and thailand. the mitotic karyotypes of these populations were similar to those previously observed in other species of the an. leucosphyrus group. populations from thailand and south kalimantan exhibited telocentric and subtelocentric sex chromosomes, respectively, with a distinctive band of intercalary heterochromatin in the x chromosom ... | 1988 | 3193098 |
| the importance of anopheles leucosphyrus. | | 1951 | 14855616 |
| the potential danger of anopheles leucosphyrus in assam. | | 1942 | 29012456 |
| two clusters of plasmodium knowlesi cases in a malaria elimination area, sabang municipality, aceh, indonesia. | in malaria elimination areas, malaria cases are sporadic and consist predominantly of imported cases. plasmodium knowlesi cases have been reported throughout southeast asia where long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques and anopheles leucosphyrus group mosquitoes are sympatric. the limitation of microscopic examination to diagnose p. knowlesi is well known. in consequence, no p. knowlesi case has previously been reported from routine health facility-based case finding activities in indonesia. this re ... | 2018 | 29720188 |