| enhanced susceptibility of mice to combinations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and live or killed gram-negative bacteria. | combinations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-thc) and bacterial endotoxin were shown to be hyperadditively toxic for mice. a variety of purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations elicted enhanced mortality in combination with delta 9-thc. escherichia coli o26:b6 lps (boivin preparation) at an essentially nonlethal dose of 2.5 mg/kg reduced the dose of delta 9-thc required to kill 50% of the treated mice from ca. 350 to 150 mg/kg. inbred balb, dba, and c3h/hecr mice, noninbred icr mi ... | 1977 | 330405 |
| immune responses of the bovine fetus and neonate to escherichia coli: plaque-forming and intestinal immune responses. | the immune responses of 26 angus-hereford fetuses and neonates to escherichia coli o26:k60:nm were studied after bacterin or saline solution was injected (in utero) into the amniotic fluid. calves were euthanatized at birth or were orally revaccinated; some were challenge exposed with live organisms. the hemolytic plaque assay was used to determine the presence of cells producing immunoglobulins m, g1, and g2 (igm, igg1, and igg2) in 4 segments of the small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ... | 1977 | 334001 |
| antibodies against outer membrane proteins in rabbit antisera prepared against escherichia coli o26 k60. | antibodies directed against the protein constituents of the outer envelope membrane of escherichia coli o26 k60 were demonstrated in antisera elicited in rabbits against three different preparations of the bacterium. outer membraned solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulphate were applied to the antisera in an interfacial precipitin test, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the resulting immunecomplexes. protein profiles showed a complete outer membrane protein pattern, indicat ... | 1978 | 344833 |
| thromboxane a2 biosynthesis during endotoxin-induced aggregation of platelets from normal and sensitized guinea-pigs. | endotoxin lipopolysaccharides escherichia coli o26:b6 and e. coli o127:b8 were weak inducers of aggregation in normal guinea-pig platelet-rich plasma (prp), even in the presence of ca2+. indomethacin hardly inhibited endotoxin-induced aggregation, indicating that biosynthesis of thromboxane a2 (txa2) was of little importance. in accordance with this conclusion txa2 was not detectable by means of bioassay during endotoxin-induced aggregation in normal guinea-pig prp. pretreatment of the guinea-pi ... | 1979 | 397765 |
| local immune responses in the bovine fetus vaccinated in utero with escherichia coli antigen. | using specific immunofluorescent examinations, the local immune responses were studied in 14 calves prenatally vaccinated (10 to 50 days before birth) with escherichia coli (o26:k60:nm) antigen or sterile saline solution. all calves were colostrum-deprived, were given oral doses of homologous organisms (killed or live), and were necropsied either at birth or within 12 days after birth. immunofluorescent plasma cells were not seen in duodenum, jejunum, jejunal lymph nodes, ileum, ileal lymph node ... | 1976 | 769610 |
| modification of resistance of mice to naegleria fowleri infections. | naegleria fowleri, which produces a fatal meningoencephalitis in humans, is also able to produce a progressive and fatal disease in mice. the course of the disease in dub/icr mice is dependent upon the infecting dose of organisms, whether administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.). all of the mice receiving 10(7) trophozoites/mouse i.v. or 4.85 x 10(7) trophozoites/mouse i.p. were killed within 10 days. escherichia coli o26:b6 lipopolysaccharide, administered at a dose of 1 mg ... | 1976 | 1270145 |
| antigenic epitope in pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide immunologically cross-reactive with escherichia coli o26 lipopolysaccharide. | the human monoclonal antibody mh-4h7 recognizes the lipopolysaccharide outer core region of some pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and in of some pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and in particular strongly binds to strains of lányi serotype 04. in this paper, we report that this monoclonal antibody also reacts with escherichia coli o26 lps. however, our results suggest that the previous reported immunological cross reaction between p. aeruginosa 04 and e. coli o26 strains (which was observed by using ... | 1990 | 1692796 |
| verotoxigenic (enterohaemorrhagic) escherichia coli in infants and toddlers in czechoslovakia. | the results of the investigation indicate that verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) belonging to enteropathogenic and other serogroups including escherichia coli o157:h7 or h- are important enteropathogens in infants and toddlers in czechoslovakia. as to enteropathogenic serotypes, verotoxin (vt) production was proved most frequently in strains of serogroup o26, and also o111 and o128. diseases caused by them were as a rule manifested by febrile watery diarrhoea with mucus in the stool. in two ... | 1990 | 2076907 |
| effects of allopurinol on endotoxin-induced increase in serum xanthine oxidase in the horse. | using a modified bovine milk enzyme kinetic assay, xanthine oxidase activity of serum collected from 34 adult, healthy horses of both sexes was determined. enzyme activity varied from 0 to 126 mu litre-1 with a mean of 44.95 +/- 21.05 mu litre-1. the optimal ph and temperature for maximal activity were 7.8 and 28 degrees c, respectively. freezing the serum for four days at -70 degrees c did not destroy the enzyme activity. various doses (25, 50 and 75 micrograms kg-1, intraperitoneally) of endot ... | 1990 | 2200092 |
| enterohemolysin production is associated with a temperate bacteriophage in escherichia coli serogroup o26 strains. | a temperate bacteriophage that determines the expression of enterohemolysin was isolated from escherichia coli o26 strain c3888. the genetic determinant associated with enterohemolysin production (e-hly determinant) was cloned from ecori-digested bacteriophage dna in vector plasmid puc8. puc8 recombinant plasmid peo19 carries a 3.7-kb ecori insert of phage dna, and enterohemolysin was expressed in e. coli k-12 after transformation. hemolysin-negative derivatives of peo19 were generated by transp ... | 1990 | 2228970 |
| properties of strains of escherichia coli o26:h11 in relation to their enteropathogenic or enterohemorrhagic classification. | thirty-seven strains of escherichia coli o26:h11 from infants and calves with diarrhea were examined for properties associated with enteropathogenic (epec) or enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec). strains were heterogeneous with respect to vero cytotoxin (vt) production and hybridization with the ehec plasmid-specific (cvd419) probe; 26 strains produced vt1; 1 produced vt2. twenty-four of 27 vt+ strains and 5 of 10 vt- strains hybridized with the cvd419 probe and produced enterohemolysin; these prop ... | 1990 | 2230233 |
| a method for detecting shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin-i in pure and mixed culture. | shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins (slts, syn. verotoxins) are currently detected by tissue culture assays that are expensive, time-consuming and require specialised facilities and experienced personnel. we have developed a rapid method to detect shiga toxin and slt-i (verotoxin 1) based on their binding to globotriosyl ceramide (gb3). bound toxin was then detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with monoclonal antibodies. the direct detection of cytotoxins from pure culture plat ... | 1990 | 2391709 |
| effect of endotoxin on colonisation of campylobacter jejuni in infant mice. | an infant mouse model has been used to investigate the colonisation of the intestine by campylobacter jejuni and the effect of endotoxin (escherichia coli o26: b6) on the initial stage of this process. endotoxin injected 1 or 16 h before the bacterial challenge had no effect on the growth of campylobacters but endotoxin injected 4 to 10 h before the bacterial challenge caused a bacteriostatic effect on the growth of campylobacters which lasted for one day. the bacteriostatic effect was evident b ... | 1989 | 2685315 |
| enterohemolysin, a new type of hemolysin produced by some strains of enteropathogenic e. coli (epec). | 42 escherichia coli o26 strains which had been isolated at geographically different places and over a long time period were examined for hemolysin synthesis. 17 of these were found to be hemolysin-negative, nine strains were found to produce plasmid encoded alpha-hemolysin and 16 strains were shown to produce a phenotypically different hemolysin. this new type of hemolysin was called enterohemolysin and found to be genetically and immunologically non-related with the already described e. coli al ... | 1988 | 3289285 |
| endotoxin-induced bovine mastitis: immunoglobulins, phagocytosis, and effect of flunixin meglumine. | milk whey immunoglobulins (ig) and phagocytosis of staphylococci by milk polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (pmn) were measured in 12 cows (allotted to 6 pairs) during acute bovine mastitis induced by intramammary inoculation of endotoxin. six of these cows (or 1 in each pair) were treated with flunixin meglumine and were compared with the others (given only saline solution). the endotoxin inoculation comprised 10 micrograms of escherichia coli o26:b6 lipopolysaccharide injected into one ... | 1986 | 3538954 |
| further studies on the antigens of escherichia coli o26:b6. | | 1966 | 4959243 |
| shiga-like toxin-converting phages from escherichia coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis or infantile diarrhea. | escherichia coli k-12 acquired the ability to produce a high titer of shiga-like toxin after lysogenization by either of two different bacteriophages isolated from a highly toxinogenic escherichia coli o157:h7 strain that causes hemorrhagic colitis. one of these phages and another shiga-like toxin-converting phage from an escherichia coli o26 isolate associated with infantile diarrhea were closely related in terms of morphology, virion polypeptides, dna restriction fragments, lysogenic immunity, ... | 1984 | 6387911 |
| preparation and quantitative determination of antibodies against major outer mambranes proteins of escherichia coli o26 k60. | antisera against isolated outer membrane (om) proteins i and ii of escherichia coli o26 k60 were elicited in rabbits. antisera obtained after intramuscular administration with freund's complete adjuvant showed high titres of specific antibodies. intravenous administration of the same preparations yielded a considerable antibody response against bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a minor contaminant of the protein preparations. antibody titres against om proteins i and ii, lipopolysaccharide and murei ... | 1980 | 6775043 |
| cytopathogenic effect caused by bacteroides fragilis endotoxin. | the influence of bacteroides fragilis ssp. fragilis nctc 9343 and 62/73 endotoxins and escherichia coli o26:b6 lipopolysaccharide on human embryo fibroblast cultures was examined. different endotoxin dilutions were added to the suspension of fibroblasts in culture medium containing 2--3 x 10(5) cells 1 ml. results were recorded at 24-th intervals for 96 h. the viability of the cells and morphological and cytological changes were determined. the both tested endotoxins from strains of bacteroides ... | 1980 | 6997373 |
| immunoglobulin a response of the bovine fetus and neonate to escherichia coli. | the chronologic appearance of immunoglobulin (ig) a-containing plasma cells and their distribution and numbers in the intestinal tract, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes were determined in beef calves inoculated in utero with escherichia coli o26-k60:nm bacterin or with saline solution. secondary responses were assessed by oral revaccination or by challenge exposure to live e coli. specific immunofluorescent procedures were used to count iga-containing plasma cells. appreciable numbers of iga-c ... | 1980 | 7004282 |
| hemoglobin, a newly recognized lipopolysaccharide (lps)-binding protein that enhances lps biological activity. | cell-free hemoglobin (hb) is a purified preparation of human hemoglobin that is being developed as a resuscitation fluid. in vivo administration of hemoglobin has resulted in significant toxicity, due in part to contamination with bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (lps)). to better understand this toxicity, we have studied the interaction between hb and lps. mixtures of each of three different hb preparations (cross-linked alpha alpha hb, cross-linked carbon monoxy-alpha alpha hbco, and no ... | 1994 | 7929195 |
| serodiagnosis by passive hemagglutination test and verotoxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of toxin-producing escherichia coli infections in patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. | eight cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in which no pathogens were isolated were diagnosed serologically by a passive hemagglutination assay and a verotoxin (vt; shiga-like toxin) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the passive hemagglutination assay employed formalinized sheep erythrocytes sensitized with soluble native antigen or heat-treated antigen (lipopolysaccharide [lps]) from escherichia coli o26, o111, o128, and o157 or flagellar antigen of nine different h serogroups of e. coli ... | 1994 | 8027349 |
| high in vitro endotoxin responsiveness of macrophages from an endotoxin-resistant wild rodent species, sigmodon hispidus. | it has been reported that macrophages primarily mediate endotoxin shock and cell death by synthesizing and releasing cytokines, largely tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin-1 (il-1). however, macrophages from some laboratory mouse strains such as c3h/hen are unresponsive to endotoxin both in vivo and in vitro. we found members of a wild rodent species, sigmodon hispidus, to also be extremely resistant to bacterial endotoxin challenge. intravenous administration of up to 100,000 micrograms ... | 1994 | 8082816 |
| isolation of enterohemolysin (ehly2)-associated sequences encoded on temperate phages of escherichia coli. | we have cloned and sequenced the enterohemolysin (ehl)-associated region from a temperate bacteriophage isolated from an escherichia coli o26:h11 strain. phage phi c3208 was isolated together with other temperate bacteriophages which transduce the enterohemolytic phenotype to non-hemolytic e. coli o26 strains. the nucleotide sequence of the 1245-bp phi c3208 dna insert in plasmid peo39, which mediates ehly2 production in e. coli k-12, was determined and was found to be partially homologous to dn ... | 1993 | 8406047 |
| structural studies of the escherichia coli o26 o-antigen polysaccharide. | the structure of the o-specific side chain of the e. coli o26 lipopolysaccharide has been investigated. based on sugar and methylation analyses, and 2d nmr spectroscopy employing hmbc experiments, it is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of trisaccharide repeating units having the following structure. -->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->4)-alpha-l-fucpnac-(1-->3)-beta-d-gl cpnac-(1--> | 1996 | 8839182 |
| endotoxicity does not limit the use of bacterial ghosts as candidate vaccines. | gram-negative bacterial ghosts produced by controlled expression of the plasmid-encoded lysis gene e offers a promising approach in non-living vaccine technology. bacterial cell wall complex and hence the antigenic determinants of the living cells are not affected by denaturation due to cell killing. however, the endotoxin content of the gram-negative cell wall has been discussed as a potential problem for this kind of whole cell or envelope vaccines. here we show that bacterial ghosts prepared ... | 1997 | 9066038 |
| [result of antibiotic therapy for children with escherichia coli o26:h11 infection]. | between the end of november 1996 and the beginning of march 1997, there was an outbreak of escherichia coli o26:h11 infection in asahikawa. the strain produced only verotoxin type 1. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (microgram/ml) of the strain under aerobic condition and those of anaerobic were as follows: chloramphenicol (1.56, 0.78), minocycline (12.5, 3.13), kanamycin (3.13, 25), ampicillin (> 100, > 100), fosfomycin (12.5, 1.56), norfloxacin (0.1, 0.1), and cefaclor (6.25, 3.13). forty ... | 1998 | 9503776 |
| application of multiplex pcr for detection of non-o157 verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli in bloody stools: identification of serogroups o26 and o111. | primers were designed to amplify sequences of verocytotoxin genes and eaea genes of escherichia coli o26:h11, o111:h8, and o157:h7 in a multiplex pcr assay. this assay successfully detected e. coli o26:h11 in bloody stool specimens in which other enteric pathogens were not detected by culture-based methods. rapid assays to detect non-o157:h7 verocytotoxin-producing e. coli is important to improve methods for the etiologic diagnosis of hemorrhagic colitis. | 1998 | 9774599 |
| emergence of fosfomycin-resistant isolates of shiga-like toxin-producing escherichia coli o26. | we evaluated the susceptibilities of 129 shiga-like toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolates to various antibiotics. the numbers of isolates for which mics were high (> or = 128 micrograms/ml) were as follows: 5 for fosfomycin, 14 for ampicillin, 1 for cefaclor, 6 for kanamycin, 22 for tetracycline, and 2 for doxycycline. for two isolates of stec o26 mics of fosfomycin were high (1,024 and 512 micrograms/ml, respectively). conjugation experiments and glutathione s-transferase assays sugg ... | 1999 | 10103182 |
| [characterization of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26 and development of its isolation media]. | we studied 101 strains of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26 isolated from diarrhea patients in six prefectural institutes of public health in japan during june 1996 and december 1997 and tried to establish an isolation medium for ehec o26. none of the 101 ehec o26 strains fermented rhamnose; whereas all of the other ehec including o157 and non-ehec (166 strains) fermented rhamnose except 1 strain of non-ehec. all of the randomly selected ehec o26 (14 strains of o26:h11.2 strains of o ... | 1999 | 10386019 |
| use of a monoclonal antibody against an escherichia coli o26 surface protein for detection of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic strains. | a monoclonal antibody (mab) was obtained from a mouse immunized with solubilized outer membrane proteins extracted from a bovine enterohemorrhagic strain of escherichia coli (ehec), o26. the mab produced a strong immunoblot reaction at approximately 21 kda for an o26 strain containing the intimin gene (eae) and verocytotoxin (vt), but not with an o26 eae- and vt-negative strain, or o157 eae- and vt-positive strains. the mab was used in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) format ... | 1999 | 10391872 |
| hydrochloric acid treatment for rapid recovery of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26, o111 and o157 from faeces, food and environmental samples. | we developed a hydrochloric acid treatment for the isolation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26:h11, o111:h- and o157:h7 strains from a variety of samples. after exposure to an equal volume of 1/8n hcl solution for 30 sec, the fecal suspensions and enrichment cultures were spread onto cefixime-tellurite-sorbitol-macconkey (ct-smac) agar. this hcl treatment increased the sensitivity for detection of stec o26:h11, o111:h- and o157:h7 strains and decreased the growth of other micr ... | 1999 | 10467660 |
| bacterial cell envelopes (ghosts) but not s-layers activate human endothelial cells (huvecs) through scd14 and lbp mechanism. | bacterial cell-envelopes (called ghosts) and surface layers (s-layers) are discussed to be used as vaccines and/or adjuvants, consequently it is necessary to find out which immunomodulatory mediators are induced in human cells. the present work focuses on the effects of ghosts (escherichia coli o26:b6), s-layers (bacillus stearothermophilus) in comparison with lps and antibiotic-inactivated whole bacteria (e. coli o26:b6) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) with regard to the relea ... | 1999 | 10519933 |
| long-term survival of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26, o111, and o157 in bovine feces. | cattle are an important reservoir of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26, o111, and o157. the fate of these pathogens in bovine feces at 5, 15, and 25 degrees c was examined. the feces of a cow naturally infected with stec o26:h11 and two stec-free cows were studied. stec o26, o111, and o157 were inoculated into bovine feces at 10(1), 10(3), and 10(5) cfu/g. all three pathogens survived at 5 and 25 degrees c for 1 to 4 weeks and at 15 degrees c for 1 to 8 weeks when inoculated at t ... | 1999 | 10543842 |
| attaching and effacing lesions in the large intestine of an eight-month-old heifer associated with escherichia coli o26 infection in a group of animals with dysentery. | escherichia coli o26:k60, with genetic attributes consistent with a potentially human enterohaemorrhagic e. coli was isolated from the faeces of an eight-month-old heifer with dysentery. attaching and effacing lesions were identified in the colon of a similarly affected heifer examined postmortem, and shown to be associated with e. coli o26 by specific immunolabelling. | 1999 | 10573194 |
| an effective, rapid and simple method for isolation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26, o111 and o157 from faeces and food samples. | an effective, rapid and simple method was developed for isolating shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26:h11, o111:h- and o157:h7 from faeces and food in less than 24 h. the procedure involves enrichment of these samples in trypticase soy broth (tsb) at 42 degrees c for 6 h. the enrichment culture is exposed to 1/8n hcl +0.5% nacl solution (1 + 1) for 30 sec, then plated onto macconkey agar containing sorbitol, tellurite and cefixime (ct-smac) following culture at 37 degrees c for 18 ... | 1999 | 10603660 |
| functional significance of endothelin b receptors in mediating sinusoidal and extrasinusoidal effects of endothelins in the intact rat liver. | endothelins (et) are important regulators of the hepatic microcirculation that act through different receptor subtypes. we investigated functional significance of et(b) receptors in mediating microhemodynamic effects of ets in normal and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [lps])-primed rat liver. lps priming (escherichia coli o26:b6; 1 mg. kg(-1)) selectively increased et(b) mrna and led to a shift in available receptors to the et(b) subtype. irl 1620 (an et(b) agonist) increased portal pressure in a ... | 2000 | 10733551 |
| escherichia coli o26 detection from foods using an enrichment procedure and an immunomagnetic separation method. | we found effective enrichment procedures for detecting escherichia coli o26 in foods using methods that are used for e. coli o157. ground beef or radish sprouts inoculated with approximately 6 colony-forming units of e. coli o26 were homogenized in 225 ml of various broths. after static incubation at 37 degrees c or 42 degrees c for 6 h or 18 h, we isolated the inoculated bacterium by plating onto rainbow agar o157 with novobiocin. in combination with the immunomagnetic separation method, e. col ... | 2000 | 10736019 |
| endotoxin induces a dose-dependent myocardial cross-tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. | to test whether or not endotoxin induces a dose-dependent reduction of myocardial contractile dysfunction after a standardized period of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion and whether nitric oxide is involved in this form of myocardial protection. | 2000 | 10834692 |
| molecular characteristics and epidemiological significance of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26 strains. | fifty-five shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26:h11 and o26:h(-) strains isolated from humans between 1965 and 1999 in germany and the czech republic were investigated for their chromosomal and plasmid characteristics. all motile (n = 23) and nonmotile (n = 32) stec o26 strains were shown to possess the identical flagellin subunit-encoding gene (flic). we observed a striking recent shift of the stx genotype from stx(1) to stx(2) among the stec o26 isolates. while stx(1) was th ... | 2000 | 10834966 |
| molecular analysis of h antigens reveals that human diarrheagenic escherichia coli o26 strains that carry the eae gene belong to the h11 clonal complex. | fifty-seven escherichia coli o26 strains isolated from patients in six countries were investigated by pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the flagellin-encoding (flic) gene (flic rflp analysis). the strains were determined by serotyping to belong to five different h types or were nonmotile. the flic rflp analysis revealed only two different patterns among the 57 strains. one flic rflp pattern was displayed by 54 strains and was identical to that of e. coli h11 referen ... | 2000 | 10921965 |
| murine monoclonal antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli o26 and o111. | monoclonal antibody (mab) 12f5 reacted with 35 escherichia coli o26 isolates and cross-reacted with 1 of 365 non-e. coli o26 isolates. mab 15c4 reacted with 30 e. coli o111 strains and 8 salmonella o35 strains (possessing identical o antigen) but not with 362 other bacterial strains. lipopolysaccharide immunoblots confirmed mab o-antigen specificity. | 2000 | 10966439 |
| role of platelet-activating factor in leukocyte-independent plasma extravasation and mast cell activation during endotoxemia. | independently from leukocyte adherence, endothelial factors and mast cell activation seems to promote microvascular permeability. platelet-activating factor (paf) has been shown to play a significant role in endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence. the aim of our study was to investigate if there is also a role for paf in mediating leukocyte-independent microvascular permeability changes and activation of mast cells during endotoxemia. therefore, during endotoxemia microvascular permeability and m ... | 2000 | 11027469 |
| isolation of verotoxigenic strains of escherichia coli o26 in poland. | | 2000 | 11168115 |
| genetic differences between escherichia coli o26 strains isolated in brazil and in other countries. | genomic diversity among 34 strains of escherichia coli belonging to different serotypes of the o26 serogroup -- encompassing strains from different geographical origins and shiga toxin-negative brazilian strains -- was evaluated through random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. our results indicate that brazilian and non-brazilian o26 strains fall under distinct but closely related differentiation clusters. rflp-pcr analysis of the flic gene sequence was done in order to identify the h(- ... | 2001 | 11267786 |
| [development of chromogenic agar medium for isolation of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o26]. | agar media for isolation of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) have been developed primarily for e. coli o157, because this bacterium has most frequently caused ehec infection. however, there have been few studies for isolation of other serotypes of ehec, and media appropriate for isolation of such organisms, especially from food samples, are not yet available. among such serotypes, e. coli o26 has often been isolated from clinical specimens from patients and animals, but not from food s ... | 2001 | 11357319 |
| immunomagnetic separation of escherichia coli o26, o111 and o157 from vegetables. | raw fruits and vegetables have been increasingly associated with human infections caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli. this study evaluates the isolation and detection of e. coli o26, o111 and o157 from vegetable samples using immunomagnetic particles. | 2001 | 11442812 |
| attaching and effacing lesions in the intestines of two calves associated with natural infection with escherichia coli o26:h11. | | 2001 | 11465265 |
| an outbreak of diarrhoea due to multiple antimicrobial-resistant shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26:h11 in a nursery. | an outbreak due to shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26:h11 (stec) occurred at a nursery in southeastern japan in 1997. thirty-two children had watery or bloody diarrhoea but none of them suffered from haemolytic-uremic syndrome. all of the stec o26 were isolated during the period from 23 july to 22 august from 24 children, 3 nurses, and 2 food samples. these organisms had stx1 and eae genes but none of the other genes for which we tested (stx2, bfp, and eaf plasmid). they also possessed m ... | 2001 | 11693499 |
| enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26 outbreak caused by contaminated natural water supplied by facility owned by local community. | | 2001 | 11862011 |
| characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26 strains and establishment of selective isolation media for these strains. | we characterized the carbohydrate-fermenting ability of 31 strains of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26 isolated from diarrhea patients in aichi prefecture, japan, in order to establish selective isolation media for these strains. none of the 31 stec o26 strains (24 o26:h11, 7 o26:h-) fermented rhamnose, whereas all of the other 108 stec strains (100 o157, 8 o111) and all of the non-stec strains except one (i.e., 58 of 59) fermented rhamnose. the great majority of the stec o26 st ... | 2002 | 11880417 |
| the bacteriophage-associated ehly1 and ehly2 determinants from escherichia coli o26:h- strains do not encode enterohemolysins per se but cause release of the clya cytolysin. | this report presents evidence that the bacteriophage-associated proteins ehlyl and ehly2 (enterohemolysin) of non-verotoxigenic e. coli o26:h- are not hemolysins per se. ehly1 and ehly2 conferred a hemolytic phenotype on wild-type but not on clya knockout strains of e. coli k-12 when introduced in trans on plasmids. according to immunoblot analyses, and studies of the expression from a chromosomal clya::luxab fusion, the production of cytolysin a (clya) was not enhanced by the expression of ehly ... | 2002 | 12008916 |
| a multistate outbreak of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26:h11 infections in germany, detected by molecular subtyping surveillance. | in the spring of 2000, a cluster of indistinguishable shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26:h11 was identified in germany by molecular subtyping surveillance. an investigation was prompted to identify a common source of exposure. a case subject was defined as a person having a polymerase chain reaction-confirmed stec o26 infection between march and april 2000, irrespective of clinical signs, and whose isolate was indistinguishable from the index strain by use of pulsed-field gel elec ... | 2002 | 12134240 |
| sequence of the escherichia coli o26 o antigen gene cluster and identification of o26 specific genes. | escherichia coli associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome include clones with o antigens o157 and o111. however, o26 has emerged as an o antigen present in pathogenic strains, particularly those implicated in cases of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide. the o26 o antigen gene cluster was sequenced. it was found to contain the genes expected for biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars l-rhamnose, n-acetyl-l-fucosamine and n-acetyl-glucosamine, as well genes for o unit ... | 2002 | 12384293 |
| effects of various applications of lipopolysaccharides on blood parameters of pigs. | in five experiments, lipopolysaccharides (lps) of escherichia coli o26:b6 and o111:b4 were applied intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intrabronchially in doses of 5000-15,000 u/kg body mass to a total of 47 weaner pigs and compared with the application of sodium chloride. different parameters of blood cells were investigated, including cell numbers, in vivo interleukin secretion, radical formation, phagocytosis capacity and il-6 as well as tnfalpha formation ex vivo. non-specific ... | 2002 | 12489711 |
| antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli o26, o103, o111, o128, and o145 from animals and humans. | susceptibilities to fourteen antimicrobial agents important in clinical medicine and agriculture were determined for 752 escherichia coli isolates of serotypes o26, o103, o111, o128, and o145. strains of these serotypes may cause urinary tract and enteric infections in humans and have been implicated in infections with shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec). approximately 50% of the 137 isolates from humans were resistant to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, cephalothin, tetracycline, or streptomycin, ... | 2002 | 12498656 |
| effect of environmental conditions on proteins secreted by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h11. | infections due to shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) are responsible for severe diarrheal diseases in humans, and these bacteria have recently emerged as a leading cause of renal failure and encephalitis in children and the aged. in this study, we examined the environment-dependent production of proteins secreted from a strain of stec o26:h11 by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, sds-page, western blotting and n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. growth of bacteria in essential m ... | 2003 | 12636247 |
| cluster of hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26:h11. | the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) caused by escherichia coli o157:h7 are well-known, but hus attributable to non-o157:h7 shiga toxin (stx)-producing e. coli (stec) are less thoroughly described. here we report a cluster of hus cases caused by stec o26:h11 the most common non-o157:h7 stec isolated from sporadic cases of hus in europe. | 2003 | 12690276 |
| hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h infection and consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26 has emerged as a significant cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). the source and the vehicle of contamination with ehec o26 are not often identified. we report two austrian cases of hus due to e. coli o26:h- affecting an 11-month-old boy and a 28-month-old girl in which transmission through unpasteurized cow's milk was positively identified. | 2003 | 12718809 |
| comparative genomic indexing reveals the phylogenomics of escherichia coli pathogens. | the escherichia coli o26 serogroup includes important food-borne pathogens associated with human and animal diarrheal disease. current typing methods have revealed great genetic heterogeneity within the o26 group; the data are often inconsistent and focus only on verotoxin (vt)-positive o26 isolates. to improve current understanding of diversity within this serogroup, the genomic relatedness of vt-positive and -negative o26 strains was assessed by comparative genomic indexing. our results clearl ... | 2003 | 12874348 |
| detection of escherichia coli serogroups o26, o103, o111 and o145 from bovine faeces using immunomagnetic separation and pcr/dna probe techniques. | the aim of this study was to isolate escherichia coli o26, o103, o111 and o145 from 745 samples of bovine faeces using (i) immunomagnetic separation (ims) beads coated with antibodies to lipopolysaccharide, and slide agglutination (sa) tests and (ii) pcr and dna probes for the detection of the verocytotoxin (vt) genes. | 2003 | 12904221 |
| flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by experimental endotoxemia in horse. | cellular activation and functional cell surface markers were evaluated during experimentally-induced endotoxemia in healthy horses. eight healthy adult horses were infused a low dose of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli o26: b6, 30 ng/kg of body weight, iv) and five control horses were given an equivalent volume of sterile saline solution. venous blood samples were collected for flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and to measure plasma endotox ... | 2003 | 12951417 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of airway th2 responses does not require il-12 production by dendritic cells. | the prevalence of atopic asthma, a th2-dependent disease, is reaching epidemic proportions partly due to improved hygiene in industrialized countries. there is an inverse correlation between the level of environmental endotoxin exposure and the prevalence of atopic sensitization. as dendritic cells (dc) have been implicated in causing sensitization to inhaled ag, we studied the effect of endotoxin on th2 development induced by bone marrow dc in vitro and by intratracheal injection in vivo, with ... | 2003 | 14500662 |
| optimization of enrichment and plating procedures for the recovery of escherichia coli o111 and o26 from minced beef. | optimization of enrichment media and selective agars for the detection of escherichia coli o26 and o111 from minced beef. | 2003 | 14633022 |
| temporal shedding patterns and virulence factors of escherichia coli serogroups o26, o103, o111, o145, and o157 in a cohort of beef calves and their dams. | this study investigated the shedding of escherichia coli o26, o103, o111, o145, and o157 in a cohort of beef calves from birth over a 5-month period and assessed the relationship between shedding in calves and shedding in their dams, the relationship between shedding and scouring in calves, and the effect of housing on shedding in calves. fecal samples were tested by immunomagnetic separation and by pcr and dna hybridization assays. e. coli o26 was shed by 94% of calves. over 90% of e. coli o26 ... | 2004 | 15006796 |
| passive transfer of antibodies to shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26, o111 and o157 antigens in neonatal calves by feeding colostrum. | to study whether or not passive immunity of neonatal calves against shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26, o111, and o157 was obtained by colostrum administration, serum antibodies in calves after the feeding were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in comparison with antibodies in colostrum and sera from donor dams. the highest antibody titers to stec in colostrum from dams were detected soon after parturition. the antibody titers were found to be elevated in ser ... | 2004 | 15031554 |
| detection by 5'-nuclease pcr of shiga-toxin producing escherichia coli o26, o55, o91, o103, o111, o113, o145 and o157:h7, associated with the world's most frequent clinical cases. | this paper describes 5'-nuclease pcr assays for detecting eight o-serogroups, h7 flagellar antigen and stx genes from the shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) associated with the world's most frequent clinical cases. a single set of primers was used to detect the genes stx1 and stx2 in the same reaction by 5'-nuclease pcr. serotyping by 5'-nuclease pcr of stec was based on the selection of primers and probes targeting the o-antigen gene clusters of e. coli o26, o55, o91, o111, o113, o15 ... | 2004 | 15135453 |
| effective medicinal plants against enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7. | the stimulating effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the production of verocytotoxin (vt) by enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 has been claimed. the purpose of this study was to find an alternative, but bioactive medicine for the treatment of this organism. fifty-eight preparations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 38 medicinal plant species commonly used in thailand to cure gastrointestinal infections were tested for their antibacterial activity against d ... | 2004 | 15261962 |
| development of a capture/enrichment sandwich elisa for the rapid detection of enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o26 strains. | to improve the sensitivity of a monoclonal antibody (mab 2f3) based enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec)/enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) serogroup o26-specific sandwich elisa (selisa), using a capture/enrichment format of the assay. | 2004 | 15546406 |
| identification of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h- genes required for intestinal colonization in calves. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) infections in humans are an important public health problem and are commonly acquired via contact with ruminant feces. the serogroups that are predominantly associated with human infection in the united states and europe are o157 and o26. serotypes o157:h7 and o26:h- differ in their virulence and tissue tropism in calves and therefore may colonize calves by distinct mechanisms. the mechanisms underlying ehec intestinal colonization and pathogenesis are p ... | 2005 | 15731074 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing shiga toxin gene (stx1)-positive escherichia coli o26:h11: a new concern. | escherichia coli strain tum2139 was isolated from a stool sample from a 9-year-old girl on 16 june 2004. this strain was categorized as shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) because the shiga-like toxin gene stx(1) was detected by immunochromatography and pcr assay. the strain was highly resistant to cefotaxime (256 microg/ml) and was also resistant to cefepime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam. in the presence of 4 microg of clavulanic acid per ml, the mic of cefotaxime decreased ... | 2005 | 15750063 |
| [cefotaxime-resistant shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26 : h11 isolated from a patient with diarrhea]. | a shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26 strain resistant to cefotaxime (ctx) and cefpodoxime (but not ceftazidime) was isolated from the faecal sample of a 17-year-old outpatient with diarrhea. the double disk synergy test, twin test, polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis confirmed that the strain produced ctx-m-3 type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl). conjugation experiment results suggested that the ctx resistance in this strain was determined by an approximately 8 ... | 2005 | 15977556 |
| phenotypic and genetic markers for serotype-specific detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26 strains from north america. | phenotypic and genetic markers of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26 from north america were used to develop serotype-specific protocols for detection of this pathogen. carbohydrate fermentation profiles and prevalence of gene sequences associated with stec o26 (n = 20) were examined. non-stec o26 (n = 17), e. coli o157 (n = 20), e. coli o111 (n = 22), and generic e. coli (n = 21) were used as comparison strains. effects of supplements: cefixime-tellurite, 4-methylumbelliferyl-bet ... | 2004 | 15992272 |
| characterization of two major groups of diarrheagenic escherichia coli o26 strains which are globally spread in human patients and domestic animals of different species. | twenty-three escherichia coli o26 strains from humans, cattle, sheep, pigs and chicken were investigated for virulence markers and for genetic similarity by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multi locus sequence typing. two groups of genetically closely related o26 strains were defined. one group is formed by enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) e. coli strains, which do not ferment rhamnose and dulcitol and most of these carry a plasmid encoding enterohemolysin. the other gro ... | 2005 | 16046083 |
| molecular profiling and phenotype analysis of escherichia coli o26:h11 and o26:nm: secular and geographic consistency of enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic isolates. | fifty-eight enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h11 or o26:nm (nonmotile) strains and 44 atypical enteropathogenic e. coli o26:h11 or o26:nm strains isolated from patients in 11 countries during 52 years share a common pool of non-stx virulence genes, fitness loci, and genotypic and phenotypic diagnostic markers. these findings indicate close relatedness between these pathotypes and provide a basis for their clinical laboratory diagnosis. | 2005 | 16081985 |
| molecular serotyping of escherichia coli o26:h11. | serotyping is the foundation of pathogenic escherichia coli diagnostics; however, few laboratories have this capacity. we developed a molecular serotyping protocol that targets, genetically, the same somatic and flagellar antigens of e. coli o26:h11 used in traditional serotyping. it correctly serotypes strains untypeable by traditional methods, affording primary laboratories serotyping capabilities. | 2005 | 16085902 |
| hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by verotoxin-producing escherichia coli o26. case report. | verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) are nowadays among the most important emerging group of food-borne pathogens (vtec strains cause gastroenteritis that can be complicated by the hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome, hus). escherichia coli 026 producing verotoxin 2 was isolated and its identity confirmed by examination of phenotype and genotype; the strain was first described in slovakia in association with the development of hus in a 4-year-old girl. | 2005 | 16110910 |
| multilocus sequence typing of escherichia coli o26:h11 isolates carrying stx in canada does not identify genetic diversity. | multilocus sequence typing of 31 stx-carrying escherichia coli o26:h11 strains isolated in canada between 1999 and 2003 revealed a high degree of genetic relatedness at 10 loci, suggesting either that this is a clonal serotype (similar to o157:h7) or that additional genetic loci need to be examined. | 2005 | 16208008 |
| an outbreak of mixed infection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h11 and norovirus genogroup ii at a kindergarten in shimane, japan. | | 2005 | 16249634 |
| prevalence and characterization of escherichia coli o26 and o111 in retail minced beef in ireland. | verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) o157 are recognized as bacterial pathogens with significant public health impact. however, other serogroups, including o26, o111, o103, and o145, have the potential to cause the same spectrum of illness. in this study, 800 minced (ground) beef samples covering a large geographical region in ireland were collected and tested for escherichia coli (e. coli) o26 and e. coli o111 by conventional microbiological protocols. two minced beef samples (0.25%) teste ... | 2005 | 16366859 |
| prevalence and virulence factors of escherichia coli serogroups o26, o103, o111, and o145 shed by cattle in scotland. | a national survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of escherichia coli o26, o103, o111, and o145 in feces of scottish cattle. in total, 6,086 fecal pats from 338 farms were tested. the weighted mean percentages of farms on which shedding was detected were 23% for e. coli o26, 22% for e. coli o103, and 10% for e. coli o145. the weighted mean prevalences in fecal pats were 4.6% for e. coli o26, 2.7% for e. coli o103, and 0.7% for e. coli o145. no e. coli o111 was detected. farms with catt ... | 2006 | 16391103 |
| comparison of a monoclonal antibody-based capture/enrichment sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with immunomagnetic bead separation for the detection of attachment effacement escherichia coli o26 strains from cattle faeces. | a monoclonal antibody (mab 2f3)-based sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (selisa) format for the detection of escherichia coli o26 that improves the sensitivity of the assay by combining enrichment with the capture stage has been developed. culture of the enriched contents of wells before completion of the selisa was compared with immunomagnetic bead separation (ims) as a means of specific isolation of the target organism. | 2006 | 16630015 |
| prevalence and characteristics of escherichia coli o26 and o111 from cattle in korea. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) is an important cause of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome worldwide. e. coli o26 and o111 are the serotypes most frequently isolated from human ehec infections in korea. cattle are considered to be the major sources of e. coli o26 and o111. this study investigated the prevalence of e. coli o26 and o111 in fecal samples from cattle in korea from april 2002 to march 2004. out of 809 samples, 54 (6.67%), 37 (4.57%), and 16 (1.98%) ... | 2006 | 16682093 |
| active genetic elements present in the locus of enterocyte effacement in escherichia coli o26 and their role in mobility. | the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) is a large multigene chromosomal segment encoding gene products responsible for the generation of attaching and effacing lesions in many diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains. a recently sequenced lee harboring a pathogenicity island (pai) from a shiga toxin e. coli serotype o26 strain revealed a lee pai (designated lee o26) almost identical to that obtained from a rabbit-specific enteropathogenic o15:h- strain. lee o26 comprises 59,540 bp and is inserte ... | 2006 | 16790794 |
| sensitivity of an immunomagnetic-separation-based test for detecting escherichia coli o26 in bovine feces. | the sensitivity of a test for cattle shedding escherichia coli serogroup o26 was estimated using several fecal pats artificially inoculated at a range of concentrations with different e. coli o26 strains. the test involves the enrichment of fecal microflora in buffered peptone water, the selective concentration of e. coli o26 using antibody-coated immunomagnetic-separation beads, the identification of e. coli colonies on chromocult tryptone bile x-glucuronide agar, and confirmation of the serogr ... | 2006 | 16980429 |
| development and assessment of a rapid method to detect escherichia coli o26, o111 and o157 in retail minced beef. | a molecular-based detection method was developed to detect escherichia coli o26, o111 and o157 in minced (ground) beef samples. this method consists of an initial overnight enrichment in modified tryptone soya broth (mtsb) and novobiocin prior to dna extraction and subsequent serogrouping using a triplex pcr. this method has a low limit of detection and results are available within 24 hours of receipt of samples. once optimized, this rapid method was utilized to determine the prevalence of these ... | 2007 | 17118703 |
| screening food raw materials for the presence of the world's most frequent clinical cases of shiga toxin-encoding escherichia coli o26, o103, o111, o145 and o157. | this work aims to provide a strategy for rapidly screening food raw materials of bovine origin for the presence of the most frequent o-serogroups of shiga toxin-encoding escherichia coli (stec) involved in food poisoning outbreaks. the prevalence of highly pathogenic serogroups of stec was surveyed in 25 g portions of minced meat and raw milk using pcr-elisa and multiplex real-time pcr assays. the prevalence of stec in raw milk (n=205) and meat samples (n=300) was 21% and 15%, respectively. cont ... | 2007 | 17134783 |
| colonization, persistence, and tissue tropism of escherichia coli o26 in conventionally reared weaned lambs. | escherichia coli o26 is recognized as an emerging pathogen associated with disease in both ruminants and humans. compared to those of e. coli o157:h7, the shedding pattern and location of e. coli o26 in the gastrointestinal tract (git) of ruminants are poorly understood. in the studies reported here, an stx-negative e. coli o26 strain of ovine origin was inoculated orally into 6-week-old lambs and the shedding pattern of the o26 strain was monitored by serial bacteriological examination of feces ... | 2007 | 17158624 |
| the role of caspase-3 in lipopolysaccharide-mediated disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junctions. | the mechanisms responsible for microbially induced epithelial apoptosis and increased intestinal permeability remain unclear. this study assessed whether purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) increases epithelial apoptosis and permeability and whether these changes are dependent on caspase-3 activation. in nontumorigenic epithelial monolayers, escherichia coli o26:b6 lps increased apoptosis, as shown by nuclear breakdown, caspase-3 activation, and parp cleavage, and induced disruption of t ... | 2006 | 17218970 |
| antibiotic resistance and molecular epidemiology of escherichia coli o26, o103 and o145 shed by two cohorts of scottish beef cattle. | the aim of this study was to identify the profile of antibiotic resistance among e. coli o26, o103 and o145 in two cohorts of scottish beef cattle on two farms and to determine whether there is an association between resistant phenotypes and the genotypic pfge patterns to suggest clonality among resistant strains. | 2007 | 17289773 |
| hemolysin from shiga toxin-negative escherichia coli o26 strains injures microvascular endothelium. | we identified shiga toxin gene (stx)-negative escherichia coli o26:h11 and o26:nm (nonmotile) strains as the only pathogens in the stools of five patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). because the absence of stx in e. coli associated with hus is unusual, we examined the strains for potential virulence factors and interactions with microvascular endothelial cells which are the major targets affected during hus. all five isolates possessed the enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec)-hlya gene enc ... | 2007 | 17314059 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance patterns and class 1 integrons in escherichia coli o26 isolated from humans and animals. | antimicrobial resistance patterns and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons in 35 escherichia coli o26 isolated from humans and food-producing animals were evaluated. all isolates were resistant to cefaclor, cefalothin and sulfonamide and were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, cefmetazole, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and trimethoprim. most isolates were resistant to aztreonam, ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin and kanamycin. all am ... | 2007 | 17390416 |
| occurrence and characteristics of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26 and o111 in calves associated with diarrhea. | the aims of this study were: (1) to examine whether or not enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26 and o111 (ehec o26 and o111) are involved in neonatal calf diarrhea; (2) to determine the specific age periods at which the calves are vulnerable to these organisms, and (3) to reveal the biochemical, genetic and cytotoxic characteristics of the isolates. the study investigated the occurrence of ehec o26 and o111 in calves associated with or without diarrhea. a total of 442 diarrheic and non-diarrhe ... | 2008 | 17400008 |
| shiga toxin gene loss and transfer in vitro and in vivo during enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26 infection in humans. | escherichia coli serogroup o26 consists of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and atypical enteropathogenic e. coli (aepec). the former produces shiga toxins (stx), major determinants of ehec pathogenicity, encoded by bacteriophages; the latter is stx negative. we have isolated ehec o26 from patient stools early in illness and aepec o26 from stools later in illness, and vice versa. intrapatient ehec and aepec isolates had quite similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns, suggesting t ... | 2007 | 17400784 |
| presence of virulence and fitness gene modules of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli o26. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) strains of serogroup o26 cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) whereas atypical enteropathogenic e. coli (aepec) o26 typically cause uncomplicated diarrhea but have been also isolated from hus patients. to gain insight into the virulence of aepec o26, we compared the presence of o island (oi) 122, which is associated with enhanced virulence in ehec strains, among aepec o26 and ehec o26 clinical isolates. we also tested these strains for the high pathogen ... | 2007 | 17544311 |
| persistence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26 in cow slurry. | the main objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and survival of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26 in cow slurry; this serogroup is regarded as an important cause of stec-associated diseases. | 2007 | 17594461 |
| outbreak of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26 in niigata city, japan. | | 2007 | 17642545 |
| enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h11/h-: a human pathogen in emergence. | enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26:h11 have emerged as the most important non-o157:h7 ehec, with respect to their ability to cause diarrhoea and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus). hus is a leading cause of acute renal failure in children, and is mainly caused by ehec expressing shiga toxins (stx) 1 and/or 2. since 1996, ehec o26, which produce stx2 only and appear to have enhanced virulence, have been increasingly isolated from hus patients in germany. in contrast, ehec o26 found ... | 2007 | 17715820 |
| escherichia coli o26 in minced beef: prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance pattern. | verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) non-o157 serogroups are among the most important emerging food-borne pathogen groups. in particular, the o26 serogroup is able to cause a large spectrum of illnesses in humans which have a significant public health impact as they may range from haemorrhagic colitis (hc) to haemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp). it is known that vtec organisms are associated with animal reservoirs, i.e. ruminants, and foods o ... | 2007 | 17727994 |
| persistence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26 in various manure-amended soil types. | to evaluate the behaviour of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26 strains inoculated in manure-amended soils under in vitro conditions. | 2008 | 17850320 |