| production of aflatoxin b1 by aspergillus ruber thom and church. | production of aflatoxins by aspergillus ruber thom and church was first reported by kulik and holaday (1967), although these results have lacked confirmation. in this paper we provide evidence that this fungal strain produces aflatoxins. this finding has implications for food hygiene, especially in countries where such moulds are used in the preparation of foodstuffs. | 1989 | 2512487 |
| increased synthesis of ajmalicine and catharanthine by cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus in response to fungal culture-filtrates. | the ammonium sulfate-precipitated fraction from mycelia and culture-filtrates and the crude, cell-free culture filtrates from the growth medium of the fungi chrysosporium palmorum, eurotium rubrum, micromucor isabellina, and pythium aphanidermatum when aseptically added to cell suspensions of cantharanthus roseus caused a rapid and dramatic increase in indole alkaloid biosynthesis. up to 400 micrograms/l ajmalicine and 600 micrograms/l catharanthine were detected in c. roseus cell suspension gro ... | 1987 | 3619437 |
| respiratory disorders in manitoba cattle farmers. | a group of 76 cattle farmers from southern manitoba answered the national heart, lung, and blood institute questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and supplementary questions on farming and farming-related syndromes. lung function was tested, serum was examined for precipitating antibodies, and skin testing with common allergens was performed. analysis of the men's answers revealed a high prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms among the farmers in all categories of smoking history, and the pre ... | 1981 | 7260808 |
| phylogenetic relationships of five species of aspergillus and related taxa as deduced by comparison of sequences of small subunit ribosomal rna. | the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the 18s rrna of aspergillus flavus, a. nidulans, a. terreus and a. niger were elucidated and aligned to the sequences of a. fumigatus. in addition, the 18s rrna sequences of the v4-v9 region of morphologically similar filamentous fungi, e.g. penicillium chrysogenum, p. marneffei and paecilomyces variotii, were elucidated. phylogenetic analysis and comparison showed a very close intergeneric relationship of the genus aspergillus to species of the gen ... | 1995 | 7666299 |
| the normal mycoflora of commodities from thailand. 1. nuts and oilseeds. | a comprehensive study was carried out of the fungi occurring in commodities normally traded in thailand. samples of major commodities were obtained from farmers' stocks and middlemen in major producing areas throughout the country. retail samples were obtained from outlets in and around bankok. samples were divided into two portions, one being examined in bangkok, and the second in sydney. after surface disinfection, fungi were enumerated by direct plating on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenico ... | 1993 | 8110599 |
| interactions among xerophilic fungi associated with dried salted fish. | interactions were investigated among five xerophilic fungi, polypaecilum pisce, basipetospora halophila, eurotium rubrum, aspergillus wentii and a. penicillioides, isolated from indonesian dried salted fish. a range of water activities (aw) (0.98, 0.95, 0.90 and 0.84) and temperatures (15 degrees, 25 degrees and 30 degrees c) were studied on agar media in petri dishes, and with dried fish as a substrate at 0.90 and 0.84 aw at 30 degrees c. generally, the fungi exhibited one of two interaction ty ... | 1993 | 8444646 |
| the production of gamma-linolenic acid by selected members of the dikaryomycota grown on different carbon sources. | in this study, seven fungal strains, representing different phylogenetic groups within the dikaryomycota, were tested for the presence of gamma-linolenic acid [18:3(omega 6)], when grown in synthetic liquid media devoid of fatty acids, on a series of 40 different carbon sources. the fungal strains represented the species dipodascopsis uninucleata, eurotium rubrum, galactomyces geotrichum, neurospora crassa, saccharomyces cerevisiae, spongipellis unicolor and talaromyces flavus. cultures were per ... | 1997 | 9403104 |
| purification and characterization of novel antifungal compounds from the sourdough lactobacillus plantarum strain 21b. | sourdough lactic acid bacteria were selected for antifungal activity by a conidial germination assay. the 10-fold-concentrated culture filtrate of lactobacillus plantarum 21b grown in wheat flour hydrolysate almost completely inhibited eurotium repens ibt18000, eurotium rubrum ftdc3228, penicillium corylophilum ibt6978, penicillium roqueforti ibt18687, penicillium expansum idm/fs2, endomyces fibuliger ibt605 and idm3812, aspergillus niger ftdc3227 and idm1, aspergillus flavus ftdc3226, monilia s ... | 2000 | 10966432 |
| the mycobiota of speck, a traditional tyrolean smoked and cured ham. | speck is a ham specialty product traditionally produced in south tyrol (italy) and north tyrol (austria) by farmers, butcheries, and meat industries. to date, nothing has been learned about fungi associated with this smoked and cured meat. therefore, it was the main objective of this study to assess the typical mycobiota of speck in relation to the different production types and the geographic provenance. a total of 121 speck samples from north tyrol and south tyrol was analyzed. from 63 isolate ... | 2000 | 11041140 |
| influence of temperature, water activity and ph on growth of some xerophilic fungi. | the combined effects of water activity (aw), ph and temperature on the germination and growth of seven xerophilic fungi important in the spoilage of baked goods and confectionery were examined. eurotium rubrum, e. repens, wallemia sebi, aspergillus penicillioides, penicillium roqueforti, chrysosporium xerophilum and xeromyces bisporus were grown at 25, 30 and 37 degrees c on media with ph values of 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 and a range of water activities (aw) from 0.92 to 0.70. the aw of the media ... | 2003 | 12423914 |
| modified atmosphere packaging for prevention of mold spoilage of bakery products with different ph and water activity levels. | a sponge cake analog was used to study the influence of ph, water activity (aw), and carbon dioxide (co2) levels on the growth of seven fungal species commonly causing bakery product spoilage (eurotium amstelodami, eurotium herbariorum, eurotium repens, eurotium rubrum, aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, and penicillium corylophilum). a full factorial design was used. water activity, co2, and their interaction were the main factors significantly affecting fungal growth. water activity at lev ... | 2003 | 14572225 |
| effect of weak acid preservatives on growth of bakery product spoilage fungi at different water activities and ph values. | inhibition of spoilage organisms from bakery products by weak acid preservatives in concentrations of 0%, 0.003%, 0.03% and 0.3% (w/v) was investigated experimentally on a substrate media with water activity (a(w)) and ph ranging from sourdough-fermented acidic rye bread to alkaline intermediate moisture sponge cake types (a(w) 0.80-0.95, ph 4.7-7.4). initially, rye bread conditions (a(w) 0.94-0.97 and ph 4.4-4.8) in combination with calcium propionate were investigated. results showed that the ... | 2004 | 15240076 |
| early detection of fungal growth in bakery products by use of an electronic nose based on mass spectrometry. | this paper presents the design, optimization, and evaluation of a mass spectrometry-based electronic nose (ms e-nose) for early detection of unwanted fungal growth in bakery products. seven fungal species (aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, eurotium amstelodami, eurotium herbariorum, eurotium rubrum, eurotium repens, and penicillium corylophillum) were isolated from bakery products and used for the study. two sampling headspace techniques were tested: static headspace (sh) and solid-phase mi ... | 2004 | 15453668 |
| ergosterol accumulation and oil quality changes in stored soybean invaded by aspergillus ruber (a. glaucus group). | soybean seed samples inoculated with spores of aspergillus ruber were stored for 20 to 140 days at 25 +/- 1 degrees c with moisture content varying from 11.3% to 17.7%. seeds were colonised by the fungus within 20 days at all moisture levels. ergosterol concentration in seeds increased with time of storage, being slow in samples with moisture content of 11.3% to 13.1% and more rapidly in those with higher moisture content. free fatty acid (ffa) content also increased following the pattern of erg ... | 1998 | 16284844 |
| fungi isolated from flue-cured tobacco at time of sale and after storage. | the fungi isolated from 100 samples of flue-cured tobacco from 12 markets in 2 tobacco belts comprised 11 genera, including 10 species of aspergillus. the mean percentage per sample isolated from 62 samples of tobacco from middle belt markets was alternaria, 40.6%; aspergillus niger, 47.8%; aspergillus repens, 38.0%; and penicillium, 25.8%. the mean percentage per sample isolated from 38 samples of tobacco from old belt markets was alternaria, 74.0%; penicillium, 52.5%; aspergillus repens, 38.0% ... | 1969 | 16349841 |
| moulds, yeasts and aerobic plate counts in ginseng supplements. | forty six ginseng supplement samples including siberian ginseng root, chinese ginseng herb and root, and american ginseng root and extract were purchased from retail in the washington, dc area and from penn herb co. (philadelphia, pa) and tested for mould and yeast (my) contamination and the presence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (apc). results indicated that 100% of the siberian ginseng samples were contaminated with fungi and bacteria. my counts ranged from 8.0 x 10(2) to 1.4 x 10(3) cfu/g wh ... | 2006 | 16434118 |
| glass-fiber disks provide suitable medium to study polyol production and gene expression in eurotium rubrum. | eurotium species often dominate the fungal population in stored grain and are responsible for spoilage. in this study we tested the usefulness of glass fiber disks to aid the analysis of growth, polyol content and gene expression in e. rubrum in response to various water activities. growth measurements based on ergosterol content and conidial production indicated that e. rubrum grew as well at 0.86 aw as 0.98 aw. the rate of growth was considerably reduced at 0.83 aw and 0.78 aw. in contrast, un ... | 2005 | 16457343 |
| production of tannase from aspergillus ruber under solid-state fermentation using jamun (syzygium cumini) leaves. | tannase producing fungal strains were isolated from different locations including garbages, forests and orchards, etc. the strain giving maximum enzyme yield was identified to be aspergillus ruber. enzyme production was studied under solid state fermentation using different tannin rich substrates like ber leaves (zyzyphus mauritiana), jamun leaves (syzygium cumini), amla leaves (phyllanthus emblica) and jawar leaves (sorghum vulgaris). jamun leaves were found to be the best substrate for enzyme ... | 2007 | 16870410 |
| structure-activity relationships of neoechinulin a analogues with cytoprotection against peroxynitrite-induced pc12 cell death. | neoechinulin a, an alkaloid from eurotium rubrum hiji025, protected neuronal pc12 cells against cell death induced by peroxynitrite derived from sin-1 (3-(4-morpholinyl)sydnonimine hydrochloride). in this study, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of neoechinulin a and a set of its analogues by using assays to measure anti-nitration and antioxidant activities and cytoprotection against sin-1-induced pc12 cell death. the presence of the diketopiperazine ring was essential for bot ... | 2007 | 17965477 |
| neoechinulin a protects pc12 cells against mpp+-induced cytotoxicity. | neoechinulin a, an alkaloid from eurotium rubrum, can protect neuronal pc12 cells against cytotoxicity of a potent oxidant, peroxynitrite. because involvement of peroxynitrite has been suggested in the pathogenesis of parkinson's disease, we assessed whether this alkaloid could also protect pc12 cells from the cytocidal action of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (mpp+), a neurotoxin capable of provoking acute parkinson's-like neurodegeneration in humans. neoechinulin a could protect pc12 cells from mpp ... | 2008 | 18654001 |
| inactivation of food spoilage fungi by ultra violet (uvc) irradiation. | the effect of ultraviolet irradiation (254 nm, uvc) on aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, penicillium corylophilum and eurotium rubrum was investigated using three different exposure techniques. survival was determined for spores suspended in liquid medium after 1, 2 and 3 min uvc exposure at 4644 j/m(2)/min. the same uvc dose was applied to spores on the surface of agar plates for 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120 s. spores of a. niger were dried onto a membrane filter, then exposed to uvc treatmen ... | 2009 | 19059664 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of four weak acids as antifungal preservatives in low-acid intermediate moisture model food systems. | the potential efficacy of four weak acids as preservatives in low-acid intermediate moisture foods was assessed using a glycerol based agar medium. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic, % wt./wt.) of each acid was determined at two ph values (ph 5.0, ph 6.0) and two a(w) values (0.85, 0.90) for five food spoilage fungi, eurotium herbariorum, eurotium rubrum, aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus and penicillium roqueforti. sorbic acid, a preservative commonly used to control fungal growth ... | 2010 | 19913689 |
| Molecular identification of Aspergillus and Eurotium species isolated from rice and their toxin-producing ability. | Thirty milled rice samples were collected from retailers in 4 provinces of Malaysia. These samples were evaluated for Aspergillus spp. infection by direct plating on malt extract salt agar (MESA). All Aspergillus holomorphs were isolated and identified using nucleotide sequences of ITS 1 and ITS 2 of rDNA. Five anamorphs (Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae, A. tamarii, A. fumigatus and A. niger) and 5 teleomorphs (Eurotium rubrum, E. amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. cristatum and E. tonophilum) were id ... | 2011 | 22168015 |
| biocontrol of ochratoxigenic moulds (aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium nordicum) by debaryomyces hansenii and saccharomycopsis fibuligera during speck production. | speck is a meat product obtained from the deboned leg of pork that is salted, smoked and seasoned for four to six months. during speck seasoning, eurotium rubrum and penicillium solitum grow on the surface and collaborate with other moulds and tissue enzymes to produce the typical aroma. both of these strains usually predominate over other moulds. however, moulds producing ochratoxins, such as aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium nordicum, can also co-grow on speck and produce ochratoxin a (ota ... | 2017 | 27889147 |
| gut microeukaryotes during anorexia nervosa: a case report. | few studies have focused on eukaryote community in the human gut. here, the diversity of microeukaryotes in the gut microbiota of an anorexic patient was investigated using molecular and culture approaches. | 2014 | 24418238 |
| neoechinulin b and its analogues as potential entry inhibitors of influenza viruses, targeting viral hemagglutinin. | a class of prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloids including 15 new compounds namely rubrumlines a-o obtained from marine-derived fungus eurotium rubrum, were tested against influenza a/wsn/33 virus. neoechinulin b (18) exerted potent inhibition against h1n1 virus infected in mdck cells, and is able to inhibit a panel of influenza virus strains including amantadine- and oseltamivir-resistant clinical isolates. mechanism of action studies indicated that neoechinulin b binds to influenza enve ... | 2015 | 25681711 |
| conditional changes enhanced production of bioactive metabolites of marine derived fungus eurotium rubrum. | metabolites of marine derived fungus eurotium rubrum mpuc136 differed between cultivation on wheat medium and czapek-dox agar medium. melanin synthesis inhibitory activity of crude extract of culture on wheat medium showed stronger activity than that of crude extract of culture on czapek-dox agar medium. a new diketopiperazine compound isoechinulin d (1) and eight reported diketopiperazines (2-9) were isolated from the crude extract of wheat medium. the structure of 1 was established using nmr, ... | 2016 | 27641468 |
| eurothiocin a and b, sulfur-containing benzofurans from a soft coral-derived fungus eurotium rubrum sh-823. | two new sulfur-containing benzofuran derivatives, eurothiocin a and b (1 and 2), along with five known compounds, zinniol (3), butyrolactone i (4), aspernolide d (5), vermistatin (6), and methoxyvermistatin (7), were isolated from the cultures of eurotium rubrum sh-823, a fungus obtained from a sarcophyton sp. soft coral collected from the south china sea. the new compounds (1 and 2) share a methyl thiolester moiety, which is quite rare among natural secondary metabolites. the structures of thes ... | 2014 | 24955555 |
| analyses of fungal community by illumina miseq platforms and characterization of eurotium species on liupao tea, a distinctive post-fermented tea from china. | liupao tea is a distinctive chinese dark tea obtained by indigenous tea fermentation facilitated by the symbiotic association of bacteria and fungi. the composition of fungal community in 4 liupao tea samples stored for several years under natural microbial fermentation was evaluated by miseq sequencing. taxonomic analysis revealed 3 phyla, 6 families, 8 genera. the genera eurotium and aspergillus were dominant fungi in almost all the samples. a total of 85 strains found in 41 other tea samples ... | 2017 | 28784527 |
| effect of culture conditions on metabolites produced by the crinoid-derived fungus aspergillus ruber 1017. | two different culture media were used to cultivate fungus aspergillus ruber 1017 and resulted in the isolation of one new compound (1) and 23 known compounds (2-24). alkaloids were the major metabolite in soybean medium instead of anthraquinone from rice medium. the structures of these compounds were elucidated according to spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. antibacterial activities of compounds 1-12 against 12 aquatic bacteria were evaluated. | 2017 | 27756151 |
| isolation, stereochemical study, and antioxidant activity of benzofuranone derivatives from a mangrove-derived fungus eurotium rubrum ma-150. | enantiomers of a 2-benzofuran-1(3h)-one derivative [(-)- and (+)-] and four known analogs () were isolated and identified from the culture extract of eurotium rubrum ma-150, a fungus obtained from the mangrove-derived rizospheric soil. their structures were established by detailed interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) data and the structure of (±)- was confirmed by single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. the absolute configuration of the enantiomers (-)- and (+)- was determined b ... | 2016 | 27376714 |
| rubrumazines a-c, indolediketopiperazines of the isoechinulin class from eurotium rubrum ma-150, a fungus obtained from marine mangrove-derived rhizospheric soil. | three new indolediketopiperazine alkaloids of the isoechinulin type, rubrumazines a-c (1-3), each possessing an oxygenated prenyl group either at c-7 (1 and 2) or at c-5 (3), along with 13 related analogues (4-16), were isolated and identified from a culture extract of eurotium rubrum ma-150, a fungus obtained from mangrove-derived rhizospheric soil collected from the andaman sea coastline, thailand. their structures were established by detailed interpretation of nmr spectroscopic and mass spect ... | 2015 | 25730346 |
| genomic adaptations of the halophilic dead sea filamentous fungus eurotium rubrum. | the dead sea is one of the most hypersaline habitats on earth. the fungus eurotium rubrum (eurotiomycetes) is among the few species able to survive there. here we highlight its adaptive strategies, based on genome analysis and transcriptome profiling. the 26.2 mb genome of e. rubrum shows, for example, gains in gene families related to stress response and losses with regard to transport processes. transcriptome analyses under different salt growth conditions revealed, among other things differen ... | 2014 | 24811710 |
| 7-o-methylvariecolortide a, a new spirocyclic diketopiperazine alkaloid from a marine mangrove derived endophytic fungus, eurotium rubrum. | a new spirocyclic diketopiperazine alkaloid, namely, 7-o-methylvariecolortide a (1), together with recently reported known compounds variecolortides a-c (2-4), were isolated and identified from the liquid fermentation cultures of eurotium rubrum, an endophytic fungus that was isolated from the inner tissue of the stems of the mangrove plant hibiscus tiliaceus. the structures of these compounds were determined by extensive analyses of their spectroscopic data. | 2010 | 21121253 |
| identification and characterization of eurotium rubrum isolated from meju in korea. | we isolated and identified a strain of eurotium rubrum from meju that has not been reported in korea. this fungus is yellowish brown; reverse dark brown on cya and pda while yellow on 2% mea at 25℃. cleistothecia are first bright yellow and gradually turned brown. mycerial growth on cya attained a diameter of 30 mm at 20℃, 37 mm at 25℃ and 32 mm at 30℃ after 15 days. the isolate grew slower on 2% mea (< 20 mm 15 days at 25℃) compared to cya and pda (< 40 mm 15 days at 25℃). cleistothecia are sup ... | 2009 | 23983544 |
| natural anthraquinone derivatives from a marine mangrove plant-derived endophytic fungus eurotium rubrum: structural elucidation and dpph radical scavenging activity. | there is considerable interest in the isolation of potent radical scavenging compounds from natural resources to treat diseases involving oxidative stress. in this report, four new fungal metabolites including one new bisdihydroanthracenone derivative (1, eurorubrin), two new seco-anthraquinone derivatives [3, 2-o-methyl-9-dehydroxyeurotinone and 4, 2-omethyl- 4-o-(alpha-d-ribofuranosyl)-9-dehydroxyeurotinone], and one new anthraquinone glycoside [6, 3-o-(alpha-d-ribofuranosyl)- questin], were i ... | 2009 | 19652514 |
| benzaldehyde derivatives from eurotium rubrum, an endophytic fungus derived from the mangrove plant hibiscus tiliaceus. | four new (1-4) and seven known (5-11) benzaldehyde derivatives were characterized from the liquid fermentation cultures of eurotium rubrum, an endophytic fungus that was isolated from the inner tissue of stems of the mangrove plant hibiscus tiliaceus. the structures of these compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. among these metabolites, compound 1, which was named as eurotirumin, possesses a new carbon skeleton with a cyclopentabenzopyran ring system. | 2008 | 18758101 |
| biotransformation of (-)-guaiol by eurotium rubrum as a biocatalyst. | the biotransformation of (-)-guaiol (1) has been investigated by using plant parasite fungus, eurotium rubrum. compound 1 was oxidized at the c-2 position, and transformed to pancherione. | 2006 | 16753905 |