| sarcocystis neurona retinochoroiditis in a sea otter (enhydra lutris kenyoni). | sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of fatal disease in sea otters in the usa. encephalitis is the predominant lesion and parasites are confined to the central nervous system and muscles. here we report retinochoroiditis in a sea otter (enhydra lutris kenyoni) found dead on copalis beach, wa, usa. salient lesions were confined to the brain and eye. multifocal nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis was present in the cerebrum and cerebellum associated with s. neurona schizonts. the retina of on ... | 2011 | 21782345 |
| bartonella spp. exposure in northern and southern sea otters in alaska and california. | since 2002, an increased number of northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni) from southcentral alaska have been reported to be dying due to endocarditis and/or septicemia with infection by streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli. bartonella spp. dna was also detected in northern sea otters as part of mortality investigations during this unusual mortality event (ume) in kachemak bay, alaska. to evaluate the extent of exposure to bartonella spp. in sea otters, sera collected from necropsied and l ... | 2014 | 25514118 |
| pathogen exposure and blood chemistry in the washington, usa population of northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni). | northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni) from washington state, united states were evaluated in 2011 to determine health status and pathogen exposure. antibodies to brucella spp. (10%) and influenza a virus (23%) were detected for the first time in this population in 2011. changes in clinical pathology values (serum chemistries), exposure to pathogens, and overall health of the population over the last decade were assessed by comparing 2011 data to the data collected on this population in 20 ... | 2013 | 24502716 |
| coxiella burnetii exposure in northern sea otters enhydra lutris kenyoni. | valvular endocarditis has been well described in northern sea otters enhydra lutris kenyoni of alaska and in many cases no cause has been identified. it is also one of the most common conditions observed in people with chronic coxiella burnetii infection. given the high levels of c. burnetii exposure in marine mammals distributed throughout the same geographic range as the northern sea otter, and the presence of valvular lesions seen in otters, the objective of this study was to determine the le ... | 2015 | 25958809 |
| novel bartonella infection in northern and southern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni and enhydra lutris nereis). | since 2002, vegetative valvular endocarditis (vve), septicemia and meningoencephalitis have contributed to an unusual mortality event (ume) of northern sea otters in southcentral alaska. streptococcal organisms were commonly isolated from vegetative lesions and organs from these sea otters. bartonella infection has also been associated with bacteremia and vve in terrestrial mammals, but little is known regarding its pathogenic significance in marine mammals. our study evaluated whether streptoco ... | 2014 | 24629902 |
| novel poxvirus infection in northern and southern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni and enhydra lutris neiris), alaska and california, usa. | small superficially ulcerated skin lesions were observed between october 2009 and september 2011 during captive care of two orphaned sea otter pups: one northern (enhydra lutris kenyoni) in alaska and one southern (enhydra lutris nereis) in california. inclusions consistent with poxviral infection were diagnosed by histopathology in both cases. virions consistent with poxvirus virions were seen on electron microscopy in the northern sea otter, and the virus was successfully propagated in cell cu ... | 2014 | 24807180 |
| vitamin a deficiency and hepatic retinol levels in sea otters, enhydra lutris. | vitamin a deficiency has rarely been reported in captive or free-ranging wildlife species. necropsy findings in two captively housed southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) included irregular thickening of the calvaria characterized by diffuse hyperostoses on the internal surface. one animal also had moderate squamous metaplasia of the seromucinous glands of the nose. there was no measurable retinol in the liver of either sea otter. for comparison, hepatic retinol concentration was determine ... | 2011 | 22946376 |
| setting realistic recovery targets for two interacting endangered species, sea otter and northern abalone. | failure to account for interactions between endangered species may lead to unexpected population dynamics, inefficient management strategies, waste of scarce resources, and, at worst, increased extinction risk. the importance of species interactions is undisputed, yet recovery targets generally do not account for such interactions. this shortcoming is a consequence of species-centered legislation, but also of uncertainty surrounding the dynamics of species interactions and the complexity of mode ... | 2012 | 23083059 |
| locally acquired disseminated histoplasmosis in a northern sea otter (enhydra lutris kenyoni) in alaska, usa. | histoplasmosis of local origin has not been reported in humans or wildlife in alaska, and the disease has never been reported in a free-ranging marine mammal. in 2005 a northern sea otter (enhydra lutris kenyoni) was found on kodiak island, alaska, at 57° latitude north, far outside the known distribution of histoplasma capsulatum. the animal died of disseminated histoplasmosis. microorganisms consistent with histoplasma sp. were observed on histopathology, and h. capsulatum was identified by pc ... | 2014 | 24484503 |
| serologic evidence of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus infection in northern sea otters. | | 2014 | 24751396 |
| mustelid herpesvirus-2, a novel herpes infection in northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni). | oral ulcerations and plaques with epithelial eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions were observed in northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni) that died or were admitted for rehabilitation after the 1989 exxon valdez oil spill (evos) in alaska, usa. transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of herpesviral virions. additionally, a serologic study from 2004 to 2005 found a high prevalence of exposure to a herpesvirus in live-captured otters. tissues from 29 otters after the evos ... | 2012 | 22247388 |
| assessment of clinical pathology and pathogen exposure in sea otters (enhydra lutris) bordering the threatened population in alaska. | northern sea otter (enhydra lutris kenyoni) abundance has decreased dramatically over portions of southwest alaska, usa, since the mid-1980s, and this stock is currently listed as threatened under the endangered species act. in contrast, adjacent populations in south central alaska, usa, and russia have been stable to increasing during the same period. sea otters bordering the area classified in the recent decline were live-captured during 2004-2006 at bering island, russia, and the kodiak archi ... | 2011 | 21719822 |
| temporal trends (1992-2007) of perfluorinated chemicals in northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni) from south-central alaska. | perfluorinated chemicals (pfcs) have been detected in abiotic and biotic matrices worldwide, including the arctic ocean. considering these chemicals' persistent and bioaccumulative potentials, it was expected that levels of pfcs, like those of many legacy organic pollutants, would respond slowly to the restrictions in production and usage. temporal trend studies in remote areas, such as the arctic, can help determine the chronology of contamination and the response of the environment to regulati ... | 2009 | 18839236 |
| sarcomas in three free-ranging northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni) in alaska. | three sarcomas were diagnosed in wild northern sea otters (enhydra lutris kenyoni) during the mid- to late 1990s. histologically, the tumors were a chondrosarcoma and two low-grade fibrosarcomas with myofibroblastic cell differentiation. the three sea otters were surviving in the wild and were killed by hunters. | 2012 | 22493127 |