| culex flavivirus isolates from mosquitoes in guatemala. | a new strain of culex flavivirus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, cxfv), an insect virus first described in japan, was isolated from adult culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) collected in 2006 from izabal department on the caribbean coast of guatemala. mosquito pools were assayed for flavivirus rna by using flavivirus group-specific primers that amplified a 720-bp region of the nonstructural (ns) 5 gene by standard reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. from 210 pool ... | 2008 | 19058647 |
| detection of rna from a novel west nile-like virus and high prevalence of an insect-specific flavivirus in mosquitoes in the yucatan peninsula of mexico. | as part of our ongoing surveillance efforts for west nile virus (wnv) in the yucatan peninsula of mexico, 96,687 mosquitoes collected from january through december 2007 were assayed by virus isolation in mammalian cells. three mosquito pools caused cytopathic effect. two isolates were orthobunyaviruses (cache valley virus and kairi virus) and the identity of the third infectious agent was not determined. a subset of mosquitoes was also tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (r ... | 2009 | 19141845 |
| characterization of culex flavivirus (flaviviridae) strains isolated from mosquitoes in the united states and trinidad. | recent reports indicate that flaviviruses similar to the cell fusing agent virus (cfav) naturally infect a wide variety of mosquito species. these newly recognized insect-specific viruses comprise a distinct cfav complex within the genus flavivirus. here, we describe the isolation and characterization of nine strains of culex flavivirus (cx fv), a member of the cfav complex, from mosquitoes collected in the united states (east texas) and trinidad. phylogenetic analyses of the envelope protein ge ... | 2009 | 19193389 |
| detection of novel insect flavivirus sequences integrated in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in northern italy. | the presence of dna sequences integrated from a new flavivirus related to cell fusing agent and kamiti river virus was identified in wild aedes albopictus mosquito populations from the provinces of trentino and padova, northern italy. field work was developed during august-october 2007 with bg-traps, and mosquitoes were screened for flavivirus and alphavirus. no alphavirus was detected, indicating that chikungunya virus is not present in these mosquitoes in trentino and padova area. however, 21% ... | 2009 | 19575816 |
| isolation and characterization of a new insect flavivirus from aedes albopictus and aedes flavopictus mosquitoes in japan. | we isolated a new flavivirus from aedes albopictus mosquito and a related species in japan. the virus, designated aedes flavivirus (aefv), only replicated in a mosquito cell line and produced a mild cytopathic effect. the aefv genome was positive-sense, single-stranded rna, 11,064 nucleotides in length and contained a single open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3341 amino acids with 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) of 96 and 945 nucleotides, respectively. genetic and phylogenetic an ... | 2009 | 19580982 |
| genomic sequence and phylogenetic analysis of culex flavivirus, an insect-specific flavivirus, isolated from culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in iowa. | adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were collected in 2007 and tested for specific viruses, including west nile virus, as part of the ongoing arbovirus surveillance efforts in the state of iowa. a subset of these mosquitoes (6,061 individuals in 340 pools) was further tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using flavivirus universal primers. of the 211 pools of culex pipiens (l.) tested, 50 were positive. one of 51 pools of culex tarsalis coquillet was also positive ... | 2009 | 19645300 |
| evidence for ribosomal frameshifting and a novel overlapping gene in the genomes of insect-specific flaviviruses. | flaviviruses have a positive-sense, single-stranded rna genome of approximately 11 kb, encoding a large polyprotein that is cleaved to produce approximately 10 mature proteins. cell fusing agent virus, kamiti river virus, culex flavivirus and several recently discovered flaviviruses have no known vertebrate host and apparently infect only insects. we present compelling bioinformatic evidence for a 253-295 codon overlapping gene (designated fifo) conserved throughout these insect-specific flavivi ... | 2010 | 20097399 |
| arboviral survey of mosquitoes in two northern italian regions in 2007 and 2008. | recently, italy-particularly the emilia-romagna region-was the location of consecutive outbreaks of human diseases caused by the arboviruses chikungunya virus and west nile virus. the two outbreaks, spread by different species of mosquitoes, were not related, but pointed out the lack of an arboviral surveillance program in this region. beginning in 2007 entomological surveillance was initiated in the emilia-romagna region, and in 2008 the program was improved and extended at lombardia region. us ... | 2010 | 20370434 |
| isolation and sequence analysis of culex flavivirus from culex interrogator and culex quinquefasciatus in the yucatan peninsula of mexico. | previously, we reported a high prevalence of culex flavivirus (cxfv) in culex quinquefasciatus (say) in the yucatan peninsula of mexico. to determine whether other culex spp. mosquitoes in this region are susceptible to natural cxfv infection, cx. bahamensis (dyar and knab), cx. coronator (dyar and knab), cx. interrogator (dyar and knab), cx. nigripalpus (theobald) and cx. opisthopus (komp) in the yucatan peninsula of mexico were tested for cxfv. two pools of cx. interrogator were positive. the ... | 2010 | 20379749 |
| transmission of west nile virus by culex quinquefasciatus say infected with culex flavivirus izabal. | the natural history and potential impact of mosquito-specific flaviviruses on the transmission efficiency of west nile virus (wnv) is unknown. the objective of this study was to determine whether or not prior infection with culex flavivirus (cxfv) izabal altered the vector competence of cx. quinquefasciatus say for transmission of a co-circulating strain of west nile virus (wnv) from guatemala. | 2010 | 20454569 |
| novel flaviviruses detected in different species of mosquitoes in spain. | abstract we report the characterization of three novel flaviviruses isolated in spain. marisma mosquito virus, a novel mosquito borne virus, was isolated from ochlerotatus caspius mosquitoes; spanish ochlerotatus flavivirus and spanish culex flavivirus, two novel insect flaviviruses, were isolated from oc. caspius and culex pipiens, respectively. during this investigation, we designed a sensitive rt-nested polymerase chain reaction method that amplifies a 1019bp fragment of the flavivirus ns5 ... | 2011 | 22022811 |
| evidence of efficient transovarial transmission of culex flavivirus by culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | this study determined the transovarial transmission (tot) potential and tissue tropisms of culex flavivirus (cxfv), an insect-specific flavivirus, in culex pipiens (l.). several hundred mosquito egg rafts were collected in the field, transferred to the insectaries, reared to the fourth larval instar, and identified using morphological characteristics. cx. pipiens were reared to adults, allowed to oviposit in individual containers, and tested for cxfv rna by reverse transcription-polymerase chain ... | 2011 | 21936322 |
| insect-specific flaviviruses from culex mosquitoes in colorado, with evidence of vertical transmission. | mosquitoes were collected in colorado during 2006 and 2007 to examine spatial and seasonal patterns of risk for exposure to culex vectors and west nile virus. we used universal flavivirus primers to test pools of culex mosquitoes for viral rna. this led to the detection and subsequent isolation of two insect-specific flaviviruses: culex flavivirus (cxfv), which was first described from japan, and a novel insect flavivirus, designated calbertado virus (clbov), which has also been detected in cali ... | 2011 | 21734144 |
| culex flavivirus and west nile virus mosquito coinfection and positive ecological association in chicago, united states. | culex flavivirus (cxfv) is an insect-specific flavivirus globally distributed in mosquitoes of the genus culex. cxfv was positively associated with west nile virus (wnv) infection in a case-control study of 268 mosquito pools from an endemic focus of wnv transmission in chicago, united states. specifically, wnv-positive culex mosquito pools were four times more likely also to be infected with cxfv than were spatiotemporally matched wnv-negative pools. in addition, mosquito pools from residential ... | 2011 | 21254845 |
| detection of flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses in mosquitoes in the yucatan peninsula of mexico in 2008. | a total of 191,244 mosquitoes from 24 species were collected in the yucatan peninsula of mexico from january to december 2008, and tested for the presence of cytopathic virus by virus isolation in vero cells. eighteen virus isolates were obtained, all of which were orthobunyaviruses. these were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nucleotide sequencing as cache valley virus (n=17) and south river virus (n=1). a subset (n=20,124) of culex quinquefasciatus col ... | 2010 | 20370430 |
| isolation of a novel species of flavivirus and a new strain of culex flavivirus (flaviviridae) from a natural mosquito population in uganda. | the genus flavivirus, which contains approximately 70 single-stranded, positive-sense rna viruses, represents a unique model for studying the evolution of vector-borne disease, as it includes viruses that are mosquito-borne, tick-borne or have no known vector. both theoretical work and field studies suggest the existence of a large number of undiscovered flaviviruses. recently, the first isolation of cell fusing agent virus (cfav) was reported from a natural mosquito population in puerto rico, a ... | 2009 | 19656970 |
| genetic characterization of a new insect flavivirus isolated from culex pipiens mosquito in japan. | we found a new flavivirus that is widespread in culex pipiens and other culex mosquitoes in japan. the virus isolate, named culex flavivirus (cxfv), multiplied only in mosquito cell lines producing a moderate cytopathic effect, but did not grow in mammalian cells. the cxfv genome is single-stranded rna, 10,834 nt in length and containing a single open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3362 aa with 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) of 91 and 657 nt, respectively. phylogenetic analyses r ... | 2007 | 17070886 |