| enrichment and characterization of an anammox bacterium from a rotating biological contactor treating ammonium-rich leachate. | anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite to n2 (anammox) is a recently discovered microbial reaction with interesting potential for nitrogen removal from wastewater. we enriched an anammox culture from a rotating disk contactor (near kölliken, switzerland) that was used to treat ammonium-rich leachate with low organic carbon content. this enrichment led to a relative population size of 88% anammox bacteria. the microorganism carrying out the anammox reaction was identified by analysis of the 16 ... | 2001 | 11357512 |
| microbiology and application of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation ('anammox') process. | ten years ago, an anaerobic ammonium oxidation ('anammox') process was discovered in a denitrifying pilot plant reactor. from this system, a highly enriched microbial community was obtained, dominated by a single deep-branching planctomycete, candidatus brocadia anammoxidans. phylogenetic inventories of different wastewater treatment plants with anammox activity have suggested that at least two genera in planctomycetales can catalyse the anammox process. electron microscopy of the ultrastructure ... | 2001 | 11404106 |
| cell compartmentalisation in planctomycetes: novel types of structural organisation for the bacterial cell. | the organisation of cells of the planctomycete species pirellula marina, isosphaera pallida, gemmata obscuriglobus, planctomyces maris and "candidatus brocadia anammoxidans" was investigated based on ultrastructure derived from thin-sections of cryosubstituted cells, freeze-fracture replicas, and in the case of gemmata obscuriglobus and pirellula marina, computer-aided 3-d reconstructions from serial sections of cryosubstituted cells. all planctomycete cells display a peripheral ribosome-free re ... | 2001 | 11491082 |
| 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer and 23s rdna of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria: implications for phylogeny and in situ detection. | recently, anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (aaob) were identified by comparative 16s rdna sequence analysis as a novel, deep-branching lineage within the planctomycetales. this lineage consists currently of only two, not yet culturable bacteria which have been provisionally described as candidatus 'brocadia anammoxidans' and candidatus 'kuenenia stuttgartiensis'. in this study, a large fragment of the rdna operon, including the 16s rdna, the intergenic spacer region (isr) and approximately ... | 2001 | 11553235 |
| enrichment of autotrophic anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing consortia from various wastewaters. | the option for biological nitrogen removal has recently been broadened with the description of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and the concept of canon (completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite). an autotrophic anaerobic ammonium oxidation (aaao) consortium was successfully selected and enriched from municipal treatment plant sludges in sydney, australia, but not from industrial coke-oven wastewater sludges. chemolithoautotrophic bas ... | 2002 | 11984637 |
| anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxides (no(x)) by two different lithotrophs. | the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing activity of the planctomycete candidatus "brocadia anammoxidans" was not inhibited by no concentrations up to 600 ppm and no2 concentrations up to 100 ppm. b. anammoxidans was able to convert (detoxify) no, which might explain the high no tolerance of this organism. in the presence of no2, the specific ammonia oxidation activity of b. anammoxidans increased, and nitrosomonas-like microorganisms recovered an no2-dependent anaerobic ammonia oxidation activity. addit ... | 2002 | 12406724 |
| the anammox case-a new experimental manifesto for microbiological eco-physiology. | the anaerobic ammonium oxidation process is a new process for ammonia removal from wastewater. it is also a new microbial physiology that was previously believed to be impossible. the identification of candidatus brocadia anammoxidans and its relatives as the responsible bacteria was only possible with the development of a new experimental approach. that approach is the focus of this paper. the approach is a modernisation of the winogradsky/beyerinck strategy of selective enrichment and is based ... | 2002 | 12448764 |
| anaerobic ammonium oxidation by marine and freshwater planctomycete-like bacteria. | recently, two fresh water species, " candidatus brocadia anammoxidans" and " candidatus kuenenia stuttgartiensis", and one marine species, " candidatus scalindua sorokinii", of planctomycete anammox bacteria have been identified. " candidatus scalindua sorokinii" was discovered in the black sea, and contributed substantially to the loss of fixed nitrogen. all three species contain a unique organelle--the anammoxosome--in their cytoplasm. the anammoxosome contains the hydrazine/hydroxylamine oxid ... | 2003 | 12955353 |
| stable carbon isotopic fractionations associated with inorganic carbon fixation by anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. | isotopic analyses of candidatus "brocadia anammoxidans," a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium that anaerobically oxidizes ammonium (anammox), show that it strongly fractionates against (13)c; i.e., lipids are depleted by up to 47 per thousand versus co(2). similar results were obtained for the anammox bacterium candidatus "scalindua sorokinii," which thrives in the anoxic water column of the black sea, suggesting that different anammox bacteria use identical carbon fixation pathways, which may be e ... | 2004 | 15184193 |
| implementation of the anammox process for improved nitrogen removal. | stringent standards for nitrogen discharge necessitate the implementation of new systems for the sustainable removal of ammonium from wastewater. one of such systems is based on the process of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), which is a new powerful tool especially for strong nitrogenous wastewaters. in this study, the anammox process performance was tested with synthetic wastewater in a completely stirred tank reactor (cstr). the reactor was operated for 511 days and fed with increasing ... | 2004 | 15242122 |
| total synthesis of (+/-)-pentacycloanammoxic acid. | the first total synthesis of (+/-)-pentacycloanammoxic acid/methyl ester (1), an unusual naturally occurring fatty acid from candidatus brocadia anammoxidans, has been accomplished by the sequence of reactions shown in scheme 1. the c20-structure of 1 was assembled with stereocontrol from three building blocks: cyclooctatetraene, 2-cyclopentenone, and 7-bromoheptanoic acid. the synthesis of 1 confirms the proposed structure of 1. the mode of biosynthesis and absolute configuration have yet to be ... | 2004 | 15571387 |
| 1994-2004: 10 years of research on the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium. | the obligately anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reaction with nitrite as primary electron acceptor is catalysed by the planctomycete-like bacteria brocadia anammoxidans, kuenenia stuttgartiensis and scalindua sorokinii. the anammox bacteria use a complex reaction mechanism involving hydrazine as an intermediate. they have a unique prokaryotic organelle, the anammoxosome, surrounded by ladderane lipids, which exclusively contains the hydrazine oxidoreductase as the major protein to combine ... | 2005 | 15667281 |
| enrichment of anammox from activated sludge and its application in the canon process. | a microbial culture capable of actively oxidizing ammonium to dinitrogen gas in the absence of oxygen, using nitrite as the electron acceptor, was enriched from local activated sludge (western australia) in <14 weeks. the maximum anaerobic ammonium oxidation (i.e., anammox) activity achieved by the anaerobic culture was 0.26 mmol nh (4) (+) (g biomass)(-1) h(-1) (0.58 kg total-n m(-3) day(-1)). qualitative fish analysis (fluorescence in situ hybridization) confirmed the phylogenetic position of ... | 2005 | 15735941 |
| [molecule biology study on the effective bacteria in anammox sludge]. | a greater understanding of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria will help to pave the way for the new biological nitrogen removal process application in practice. to this end, this study used molecule biology methods. crude dna of the total bacteria in a cultivated sludge with anammox capability was extracted and purified. then pcr amplification using specific primers, clone and sequencing processes were performed. the partial 16s rdna sequence of cultivated anammox bacteria is 836bp. some clon ... | 2005 | 15989221 |
| structural identification of ladderane and other membrane lipids of planctomycetes capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). | the membrane lipid composition of planctomycetes capable of the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox), i.e. candidatus'brocadia anammoxidans' and candidatus'kuenenia stuttgartiensis', was shown to be composed mainly of so-called ladderane lipids. these lipids are comprised of three to five linearly concatenated cyclobutane moieties with cis ring junctions, which occurred as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, alkyl glycerol monoethers, dialkyl glycerol diethers and mixed glycerol ether/esters. the ... | 2005 | 16098207 |
| enantioselective synthesis of pentacycloanammoxic acid. | a highly effective enantioselective synthesis of pentacycloanammoxic acid (1), an unusual naturally occurring fatty acid from candidatus brocadia anammoxidans, has been accomplished. the c20-structure of 1 was assembled with stereocontrol from four building blocks, cyclobutene, 2-cyclopentenone, the chiral silylcyclopentenone 6, and 7-bromoheptanoic acid. both 1 and its enantiomer are now available in quantities that should facilitate future studies on the mode of biosynthesis which appears to b ... | 2006 | 16522072 |
| [in situ identification of anammox bacteria in freshwater sediments]. | in situ identification of anammox bacteria was conducted using 16s rrna approach for sediment samples from the xinyi river in jiangsu province, china. 16s rrna clone library including 6 clone sequences was constructed. the alignment of these sequences and treeing were conducted using arb package. results show that the sediment samples contained 16s rrna genes closely related to the known anammox bacterium candidatus "brocadia anammoxidans" (similarity of 91%). they also contained 16s rrna gene s ... | 2006 | 16881322 |
| molecular evidence for the broad distribution of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in freshwater and marine sediments. | previously available primer sets for detecting anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are inefficient, resulting in a very limited database of such sequences, which limits knowledge of their ecology. to overcome this limitation, we designed a new primer set that was 100% specific in the recovery of approximately 700-bp 16s rrna gene sequences with >96% homology to the "candidatus scalindua" group of anammox bacteria, and we detected this group at all sites studied, including a variety o ... | 2006 | 17021238 |
| anammox enrichment from different conventional sludges. | three sets of sequencing batch reactor (sbr) were used for anammox enrichment from conventional sludges including upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, activated sludge, and anaerobic digestion sludge. after four months of operation, the anammox activity occurred in all reactors allowing continuous removal of ammonium and nitrite. the morphology of the cultivated anammox sludge was observed using scanning electron microscope. the photographs showed that the obtained culture was mostly spherical in sh ... | 2007 | 17207839 |
| quantification of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in enrichment cultures by real-time pcr. | the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria were enriched from a rotating disk reactor (rdr) biofilm in semi-batch cultures. based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) analysis, this enrichment led to a relative population size of 36% anammox bacteria. phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the detected clones were related to the previously reported anammox bacteria, candidatus brocadia anammoxidans (af375994), with 92% sequence similarity. furthermore, we successfully developed ... | 2007 | 17215016 |
| close relationship of rnase p rna in gemmata and anammox planctomycete bacteria. | the relationship of rnase p rna from anammox bacteria 'candidatus brocadia anammoxidans' and 'candidatus kuenenia stuttgartiensis' with that from other planctomycetes was investigated. newly identified rnpb gene sequences were aligned against existing planctomycete rnase p rna sequences and secondary structures deduced by a comparative approach. deduced secondary structures were similar in both anammox bacteria and both possessed an insert within the p13 helix analogous to that present in all ge ... | 2007 | 17328750 |
| development of high-rate anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) biofilm reactors. | to promptly establish anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactors, appropriate seeding sludge with high abundance and activity of anammox bacteria was selected by quantifying 16s rrna gene copy numbers of anammox bacteria by real-time quantitative pcr (rtq-pcr) and batch culture experiments. the selected sludge was then inoculated into up-flow fixed-bed biofilm column reactors with nonwoven fabric sheets as biomass carrier and the reactor performances were monitored over 1 year. the anammox ... | 2007 | 17350073 |
| identification of anammox bacteria in a full-scale deammonification plant making use of anaerobic ammonia oxidation. | the existence of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria was postulated in the late 1970s. approximately 20 years later, these lithotrophic members of the nitrogen cycle were identified as deep-branching members of the planctomycetes. recently, full-scale implementation of biological deammonification was successfully achieved in the demon reactor at the wastewater treatment plant in strass, austria. the sludge of this reactor contains red granules and brownish flocs that can be physically ... | 2007 | 17399934 |
| in situ activity and spatial organization of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in biofilms. | we investigated autotrophic anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) biofilms for their spatial organization, community composition, and in situ activities by using molecular biological techniques combined with microelectrodes. results of phylogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) revealed that "brocadia"-like anammox bacteria that hybridized with the amx820 probe dominated, with 60 to 92% of total bacteria in the upper part (<1,000 microm) of the biofilm, where high anamm ... | 2007 | 17526785 |
| diversity and abundance of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in freshwater sediments of the xinyi river (china). | here we report on the biodiversity and abundance of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in sediment samples from the xinyi river, jinagsu province (china). the biodiversity of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the sediment was assessed using the amoa gene as functional marker. the retrieved amoa clones were affiliated to environmental sequences from freshwater habitats. the closest cultivated relative was nitrosomonas urea. anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria were ... | 2007 | 17686033 |
| candidatus 'brocadia fulgida': an autofluorescent anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacterium. | anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are detected in many natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment plants worldwide. this study describes the enrichment of anammox bacteria in the presence of acetate. the results obtained extend the concept that the anammox bacteria can be enriched to high densities in the presence of substrates for heterotrophic growth. batch experiments showed that among the tested biomass, the biomass from the candidatus 'brocadia fulgida' enrichment culture oxi ... | 2008 | 18081590 |
| another multiheme protein, hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, abundantly produced in an anammox bacterium besides the hydrazine-oxidizing enzyme. | a hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (hao) was purified from anammox sludge in which an anammox bacterium, strain ksu-1, was dominant. the enzyme was a 118-kda homodimer composed of a 53-kda subunit. with phenazine methosulfate and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide as electron acceptors, the v(max) and k(m) for hydroxylamine were determined as 9.6+/-0.2 micromol/min x mg and 33+/-2 microm, while those for hydrazine were 0.54+/-0.0 micromol/min x mg and 25+/-2 microm, res ... | 2008 | 18397776 |
| the membrane bioreactor: a novel tool to grow anammox bacteria as free cells. | in a membrane bioreactor (mbr), fast growth of anammox bacteria was achieved with a sludge residence time (srt) of 12 days. this relatively short srt resulted in a--for anammox bacteria--unprecedented purity of the enrichment of 97.6%. the absence of a selective pressure for settling, and dedicated cultivation conditions led to growth in suspension as free cells and the complete absence of flocs or granules. fast growth, low levels of calcium and magnesium, and possibly the presence of yeast ext ... | 2008 | 18421799 |
| anaerobic ammonium oxidation by nitrosomonas spp. and anammox bacteria in a sequencing batch reactor. | a sequencing batch reactor (sbr) was inoculated with mixed nitrifying bacteria from an anoxic tank at the conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant in nongkhaem, bangkok, thailand. this enriched nitrifying culture was maintained under anaerobic conditions using ammonium (nh(4)(+)) as an electron donor and nitrite (no(2)(-)) as an electron acceptor. autotrophic ammonium oxidizing bacteria survived under these conditions. the enrichment period for anammox culture was over 100 days. ... | 2009 | 18423965 |
| combined activated sludge with partial nitrification (as/pn) and anammox processes for treatment of seafood processing wastewater. | an activated sludge process with partial nitrification (as/pn) in combination with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process for treatment of seafood processing wastewater was developed and investigated in this research. operating conditions of as/pn process for coupling with anammox process were identified as ph between 7.7-8.2 and do as 0.5-0.9 mg l(-1) to achieve over 85% cod removal as well as partial nitrification. the developed as/pn process could produce almost equal concentration of ... | 2008 | 18584436 |
| development of batch-culture enrichment coupled to molecular detection for screening of natural and man-made environments in search of anammox bacteria for n-removal bioreactors systems. | this investigation probed for anammox bacterial populations that would be suitable to start-up a biological reactor for n-removal. samples of sludge and sediments from different environments were screened and used as inoculum for enrichment of anammox bacteria in batch cultures. enrichments were monitored in order to detect anammox bacteria or their potential activity. candidatus "brocadia anammoxidans" was successfully enriched, detected, and identified in five of the twelve batch cultures. fur ... | 2009 | 19157495 |
| biogeographical distribution of diverse anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in cape fear river estuary. | anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) specific pcr method was developed to examine diversity and distribution of anammox bacteria in sediments collected from three different sites at cape fear river estuary, north carolina, where environmental parameters vary greatly over the year. abundance and activities of anammox bacteria in these sediments were measured using the quantitative pcr (q-pcr) method and (15)n isotope tracer incubations. different anammox bacterial communities composed with broc ... | 2009 | 19161435 |
| carbon isotope-labelling experiments indicate that ladderane lipids of anammox bacteria are synthesized by a previously undescribed, novel pathway. | ladderane lipids are unusual membrane lipids of bacteria that anaerobically oxidize ammonium to dinitrogen gas (anammox). ladderane lipids contain linearly concatenated cyclobutane rings for which the pathway of biosynthesis is currently unknown. to investigate the possible biosynthetic routes of these lipids, 2-(13)c-labelled acetate was added to a culture of the anammox bacterium candidatus brocadia fulgida. labelling patterns obtained by high-field (13)c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscop ... | 2009 | 19175409 |
| 16s rrna gene and lipid biomarker evidence for anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (anammox) in california and nevada hot springs. | anammox, the oxidation of ammonium with nitrite to dinitrogen gas under anoxic conditions, is an important process in mesophilic environments such as wastewaters, oceans and freshwater systems, but little is known of this process at elevated temperatures. in this study, we investigated anammox in microbial mats and sediments obtained from several hot springs in california and nevada, using geochemical and molecular microbiological methods. anammox bacteria-specific ladderane core lipids with con ... | 2009 | 19220858 |
| biophysical properties of membrane lipids of anammox bacteria: ii. impact of temperature and bacteriohopanoids. | anammox bacteria possess unique membranes that are mainly comprised of phospholipids with extraordinary "ladderane" hydrocarbon chains containing 3 to 5 linearly concatenated cyclobutane moieties that have been postulated to form relatively impermeable membranes. in a previous study, we demonstrated that purified ladderane phospholipids form fluid-like mono- and bilayers that are tightly packed and relatively rigid. here we studied the impact of temperature and the presence of bacteriohopanoids ... | 2009 | 19376083 |
| water column anammox and denitrification in a temperate permanently stratified lake (lake rassnitzer, germany). | we studied microbial n(2) production via anammox and denitrification in the anoxic water column of a restored mining pit lake in germany over an annual cycle. we obtained high-resolution hydrochemical profiles using a continuous pumping sampler. lake rassnitzer is permanently stratified at ca. 29m depth, entraining anoxic water below a saline density gradient. mixed-layer nitrate concentrations averaged ca. 200 micromol l(-1), but decreased to zero in the anoxic bottom waters. in contrast, ammon ... | 2009 | 19716251 |
| molecular detection of anammox bacteria in terrestrial ecosystems: distribution and diversity. | anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) is recognized as an important process in the marine nitrogen cycle yet nothing is known about the distribution, diversity and activity of anammox bacteria in the terrestrial realm. in this study, we report on the detection of anammox sequences of candidatus 'brocadia', 'kuenenia', 'scalindua' and 'jettenia' in marshes, lakeshores, a contaminated porous aquifer, permafrost soil, agricultural soil and in samples associated with nitrophilic or nitrogen-fixi ... | 2010 | 20010634 |
| nitrogen removal performance and microbial community analysis of an anaerobic up-flow granular bed anammox reactor. | we investigated nitrogen removal performance and responsible microbial community in an anaerobic up-flow granular bed anammox reactor. the anammox reactor was operated more than 1 year. biomass in the reactor formed granules after about 2 months of operation, and a sufficient amount of the granules was retained in the reactor with a metallic net to avoid biomass washout during the entire operation. the average diameter of the granules was 3.6mm at day 310. after 8 months of operation, stable nit ... | 2010 | 20079515 |
| enrichment features of anammox consortia from methanogenic granules loaded with high organic and methanol contents. | vigorous anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) activity was realized by seeding with diverse sludge contents. granules taken from a 2-year old methanogenic reactor loaded with high organic and methanol contents were used as inoculum to enrich anammox biomass in a 1.1l upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. anammox activity appeared after an operation of 83 d resulting in the final nitrogen removal rate of 11.7 kg n m(-3) d(-1) with the efficient granulation of anammox sludge. the analysis bas ... | 2010 | 20334892 |
| fast start-up of a pilot-scale deammonification sequencing batch reactor from an activated sludge inoculum. | deammonification involves the combined application of aerobic and anoxic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (aeraob & anaob) and allows to treat wastewaters with a high ammonium concentration in a sustainable and cost-efficient way. so far, it could take more than one year to start up the process, even with the addition of anaob enriched inocula. in contrast, we started up a deammonifying reactor for the treatment of sludge digestate in less than four months without any anaob enriched inoculum. in a si ... | 2010 | 20351417 |
| microbial nitrate-dependent cyclohexane degradation coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation. | an anaerobic nitrate-reducing enrichment culture was established with a cyclic saturated petroleum hydrocarbon, cyclohexane, the fate of which in anoxic environments has been scarcely investigated. gc-ms showed cyclohexylsuccinate as a metabolite, in accordance with an anaerobic enzymatic activation of cyclohexane by carbon-carbon addition to fumarate. furthermore, long-chain cyclohexyl-substituted cell fatty acids apparently derived from cyclohexane were detected. nitrate reduction was not only ... | 2010 | 20410937 |
| ammonium concentrations in produced waters from a mesothermic oil field subjected to nitrate injection decrease through formation of denitrifying biomass and anammox activity. | community analysis of a mesothermic oil field, subjected to continuous field-wide injection of nitrate to remove sulfide, with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of pcr-amplified 16s rrna genes indicated the presence of heterotrophic and sulfide-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing bacteria (hnrb and sonrb). these reduce nitrate by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (e.g., sulfurospirillum and denitrovibrio) or by denitrification (e.g., sulfurimonas, arcobacter, and thauera). monitor ... | 2010 | 20562276 |
| impact of inocula and growth mode on the molecular microbial ecology of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bioreactor communities. | the composition of distinctly inoculated granular anammox and biofilm-based completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (canon) bioreactors was investigated from start-up through continuous long-term operation via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and sequencing. the granular anammox reactor was seeded with sludge from an operational anammox reactor in strass, austria. the canon reactor was seeded with activated sludge from a local wastewater treatment plant in new york cit ... | 2010 | 20684970 |
| linking community profiles, gene expression and n-removal in anammox bioreactors treating municipal anaerobic digestion reject water. | anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) requires 60% less oxygen and no external organic carbon compared to conventional biological nitrogen removal (bnr). nevertheless, full-scale installations of anammox are uncommon, primarily owing to the lack of well-established process monitoring and control strategies that result in stable anammox reactor performance. the overarching goal of this study was to develop and apply molecular biomarkers that link microbial community structure and activity to ana ... | 2010 | 20704206 |
| identification and quantification of anammox bacteria in eight nitrogen removal reactors. | various studies have revealed anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) as a very attractive alternative process suitable for nitrogen removal from wastewater. here we investigated anammox bacteria in eight different nitrogen removal reactors. the diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria were determined by the 16s rrna gene analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific probes and real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr). in these reactors, at least eight unique near full length anammox 16s ... | 2010 | 20705314 |
| molecular detection of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in high-temperature petroleum reservoirs. | anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) process plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle of the worldwide anoxic and mesophilic habitats. recently, the existence and activity of anammox bacteria have been detected in some thermophilic environments, but their existence in the geothermal subterranean oil reservoirs is still not reported. this study investigated the abundance, distribution and functional diversity of anammox bacteria in nine out of 17 high-temperature oil reservoirs by molecula ... | 2010 | 20740282 |
| anammox bacterial diversity in various aquatic ecosystems based on the detection of hydrazine oxidase genes (hzoa/hzob). | anammox bacteria belonging to the phylum planctomycetes are responsible for n removal through nh(4)(+) oxidation coupled with no(2)(-) reduction. microbial diversity and ecology of anammox bacteria have not yet been fully revealed due to limitations of 16s rrna analysis. the hydrazine oxidase gene in cluster 1 (hereafter hzoa/hzob) was suggested as a proper genetic marker due to its high expression and ubiquitous presence in anammox bacteria. we conducted a comparative analysis of 16s rrna and h ... | 2011 | 20838786 |
| nitrogen removal of anammox cultures under different enrichment conditions. | anammox bacteria in sludge from an anoxic tank of a municipal wastewater treatment plant at nongkhaem, bangkok, thailand were enriched in two sequencing batch reactors (sbrs; sbr-1 and sbr-2), under different conditions. sbr-1 was open to the atmosphere, while sbr-2 was closed and flushed with a mixture of 95% argon and 5% co(2) during the fill period in order to provide strict anaerobic conditions. the specific nitrogen removal rates of sbr-1 and sbr-2 were 0.43 g n/g vss-d and 2.59 g n/g vss-d ... | 2010 | 20945242 |
| new anaerobic, ammonium-oxidizing community enriched from peat soil. | anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have been recognized as an important sink for fixed nitrogen and are detected in many natural environments. however, their presence in terrestrial ecosystems has long been overlooked, and their contribution to the nitrogen cycling in natural and agricultural soils is currently unknown. here we describe the enrichment and characterization of anammox bacteria from a nitrogen-loaded peat soil. after 8 months of incubation with the natural surface wate ... | 2010 | 21148690 |
| physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium 'candidatus brocadia sinica'. | the present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg n m(-3) day(-1). the anammox bacteria were identified as representing 'candidatus brocadia sinica' on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rrna operon sequences. physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of ammonium oxid ... | 2011 | 21474538 |
| distribution and diversity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria in the sediment of a eutrophic freshwater lake, lake kitaura, japan. | although the emission of n(2) via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a key process in the elimination of nitrogenous compounds from aquatic environments, little information is available regarding its significance and the relevant microorganisms (anammox bacteria) in eutrophic freshwater lakes. in the present study, the anammox bacteria in the sediment of a eutrophic lake in japan, lake kitaura, were examined using a (15)n-tracer technique to measure their potential anammox activity. poten ... | 2011 | 21558678 |
| anaerobic ammonia oxidation in a fertilized paddy soil. | evidence for anaerobic ammonium oxidation in a paddy field was obtained in southern china using an isotope-pairing technique, quantitative pcr assays and 16s rrna gene clone libraries, along with nutrient profiles of soil cores. a paddy field with a high load of slurry manure as fertilizer was selected for this study and was shown to contain a high amount of ammonium (6.2-178.8 mg kg(-1)). the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) rates in this paddy soil ranged between 0.5 and 2.9 nmoln per ... | 2011 | 21593796 |
| stoichiometric and molecular evidence for the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria from wastewater treatment plant sludge samples. | anammox enrichments were readily developed from seven municipal wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) sludge, but not with methanogenic granular sludge from two agro-industrial wwtps. only 50d was required for the first evidence of anammox activity from a return activated sludge obtained from a wwtp operated for nutrient removal. the molar ratios of nitrite and ammonium consumption of approximately 1.32 as well as nitrate and dinitrogen gas product ratios of approximately 0.095 provided evidence o ... | 2011 | 21620436 |
| anammox bacteria community and nitrogen removal in a strip-like wetland in the riparian zone. | a strip-like wetland was constructed in the riparian zone for investigation of ammonium nitrogen (nh(3)-n) removal in the peach river. an inner zeolite layer was set in the wetland to adsorb nh(3)-n and further to remove total nitrogen (tn). an oxygen-deficient condition with dissolved oxygen of 0.87-1.60 mg l(-1) was observed in the zeolite layer, which benefits anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria survival. the community structure of anammox bacteria was analyzed in the zeolite laye ... | 2011 | 21644147 |
| prevalence of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in contaminated groundwater. | anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria perform an important step in the global nitrogen cycle: anaerobic oxidation of ammonium and reduction of nitrite to form dinitrogen gas (n<sub>2</sub>). anammox organisms appear to be ubiquitous in natural and artificial environments, however their roles in groundwater ammonium attenuation remain unclear and only limited biomarker-based data confirmed their presence prior to this study. we used complementary molecular and isotope-based methods to a ... | 2011 | 21786759 |
| mangrove trees affect the community structure and distribution of anammox bacteria at an anthropogenic-polluted mangrove in the pearl river delta reflected by 16s rrna and hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) encoding gene analyses. | anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacterial community structures were investigated in surface (1-2-ácm) and lower (20-21-ácm) layers of mangrove sediments at sites located immediately to the mangrove trees (s0), 10-ám (s1) and 1000 m (s2) away from mangrove trees in a polluted area of the pearl river delta. at s0, both 16s rrna and hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) encoding genes of anammox bacteria showed high diversity in lower layer sediments, but they were not detectable in lower layer sed ... | 2011 | 21735127 |
| Anammox bacterial abundance, biodiversity and activity in a constructed wetland. | An integrated approach to document high anammox activity and biodiversity in a constructed wetland (CW) was performed and showed that substantial anammox activity could mitigate undesirable N(2)O emission. The enhanced anammox bacterial abundance, biodiversity and activity were achieved by supplementing activated sludge to the CW. Up to 3.38 × 10(7) gene copies g(-1) dry soil of anammox bacteria were enriched in the CW. The activity measured by isotope pairing technique increased from 1.6 nmol N ... | 2011 | 21981702 |
| anammox bacteria enrichment and characterization from municipal activated sludge. | a sustainable option for nitrogen removal is the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) process in which ammonium is oxidized to nitrogen gas with nitrite as electron acceptor. application of this process, however, is limited by the availability of anammox biomass. in this study, two brocadia-like anammox phylotypes were successfully enriched, detected and identified from an activated sludge taken from a domestic wastewater treatment plant (minas gerais, brazil) employing a sequencing batch reac ... | 2011 | 22179639 |
| The metagenomic basis of anammox metabolism in Candidatus 'Brocadia fulgida'. | Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) coupled to nitrite reduction is an important step in the nitrogen cycle and has been recognized as an important sink for fixed nitrogen in the ocean. Still little is known about the genomic blueprint of different anammox species. In the present article, we discuss the important genes of anammox metabolism in Candidatus 'Brocadia fulgida' that were retrieved via a metagenomic approach. | 2011 | 22103529 |
| natural attenuation of septic system nitrogen by anammox. | on-site disposal of sewage in septic systems can lead to groundwater plumes with no(3) (-) -n concentrations exceeding the common drinking water limit of 10 mg/l. currently, denitrification is considered as the principal natural attenuation process. however, at a large seasonal-use septic system in ontario (256 campsites), a suboxic zone exists where nitrogen removal of up to 80% occurs including removal of nh(4) (+) -n. this zone has both no(3) (-) -n and nh(4) (+) -n at >5 mg/l each. in the di ... | 2011 | 21883192 |
| Impact of reactor configuration on anammox process start-up: MBR versus SBR. | Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an energy saving biological nitrogen removal process which was limited to slow growth rate of anammox bacteria during start-up period. This study investigated the start-up of anammox process by a laboratory sequential batch reactor (SBR) for 218days and subsequently modified the reactor as a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for 178days. Modification of a SBR as MBR with installation of an external membrane module resulted in acceleration of specific anammox act ... | 2012 | 22104096 |
| Integration of anammox into the aerobic granular sludge process for main stream wastewater treatment at ambient temperatures. | Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, nitrification and removal of COD was studied at ambient temperature (18 °C ± 3) in an anoxic/aerobic granular sludge reactor during 390 days. The reactor was operated in a sequencing fed batch mode and was fed with acetate and ammonium containing medium with a COD/N ratio of 0.5 [g COD/gN]. During influent addition, the medium was mixed with recycled effluent which contained nitrate in order to allow acetate oxidation and nitrate reduction by anammox bacteria. In th ... | 2012 | 22094002 |
| the metagenomic basis of anammox metabolism in candidatus 'brocadia fulgida'. | | 2012 | 22260709 |