| diagnostic reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction kit for filoviruses based on the strain collections of all european biosafety level 4 laboratories. | a network of european biosafety level 4 laboratories has designed the first industry-standard molecular assay for all filoviruses species, based on the strain collections of all participants. it uses 5 optimized l gene primers and 3 probes, as well as an internal control with a separate detection probe. detection limits (probit analysis, 95% detection chance) were as follows: zaire ebolavirus, 487 copies/ml of plasma; sudan ebolavirus maleo, 586 copies/ml; sudan ebolavirus gulu, 1128 copies/ml; ... | 2007 | 17940950 |
| proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family filoviridae: classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations. | the taxonomy of the family filoviridae (marburgviruses and ebolaviruses) has changed several times since the discovery of its members, resulting in a plethora of species and virus names and abbreviations. the current taxonomy has only been partially accepted by most laboratory virologists. confusion likely arose for several reasons: species names that consist of several words or which (should) contain diacritical marks, the current orthographic identity of species and virus names, and the simila ... | 2010 | 21046175 |
| key genomic changes necessary for an in vivo lethal mouse marburgvirus variant selection process. | marburgvirus (marv) infections are generally lethal in humans and nonhuman primates but require in vivo lethal mouse variant selection by the serial transfer (passage) of the nonlethal virus into naïve mice to propagate a lethal infection. the passage of progenitor (wild-type) marv or ravn virus (ravv) from infected scid balb/c mouse liver homogenates into immunocompetent balb/c mice results in the selection of lethal mouse viruses from within the quasispecies sufficient to establish lethality i ... | 2011 | 21289122 |
| codon-optimized filovirus dna vaccines delivered by intramuscular electroporation protect cynomolgus macaques from lethal ebola and marburg virus challenges. | cynomolgus macaques were vaccinated by intramuscular electroporation with dna plasmids expressing codon-optimized glycoprotein (gp) genes of ebola virus (ebov) or marburg virus (marv) or a combination of codon-optimized gp dna vaccines for ebov, marv, sudan virus and ravn virus. when measured by elisa, the individual vaccines elicited slightly higher igg responses to ebov or marv than did the combination vaccines. no significant differences in immune responses of macaques given the individual or ... | 0 | 25996997 |
| amino acid residue at position 79 of marburg virus vp40 confers interferon antagonism in mouse cells. | marburg viruses (marvs) cause highly lethal infections in humans and nonhuman primates. mice are not generally susceptible to marv infection; however, if the strain is first adapted to mice through serial passaging, it becomes able to cause disease in this animal. a previous study correlated changes accrued during mouse adaptation in the vp40 gene of a marv strain known as ravn virus (ravv) with an increased capacity to inhibit interferon (ifn) signaling in mouse cell lines. the marv strain ci67 ... | 2015 | 25926685 |
| therapeutic treatment of marburg and ravn virus infection in nonhuman primates with a human monoclonal antibody. | as observed during the 2013-2016 ebola virus disease epidemic, containment of filovirus outbreaks is challenging and made more difficult by the lack of approved vaccine or therapeutic options. marburg and ravn viruses are highly virulent and cause severe and frequently lethal disease in humans. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are a platform technology in wide use for autoimmune and oncology indications. previously, we described human mabs that can protect mice from lethal challenge with marburg vir ... | 2017 | 28381540 |
| neglected filoviruses. | eight viruses are currently assigned to the family filoviridae marburg virus, sudan virus and, in particular, ebola virus have received the most attention both by researchers and the public from 1967 to 2013. during this period, natural human filovirus disease outbreaks occurred sporadically in equatorial africa and, despite high case-fatality rates, never included more than several dozen to a few hundred infections per outbreak. research emphasis shifted almost exclusively to ebola virus in 201 ... | 2016 | 27268907 |
| homologous and heterologous protection of nonhuman primates by ebola and sudan virus-like particles. | filoviruses cause hemorrhagic fever resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in humans. several vaccine platforms that include multiple virus-vectored approaches and virus-like particles (vlps) have shown efficacy in nonhuman primates. previous studies have shown protection of cynomolgus macaques against homologous infection for ebola virus (ebov) and marburg virus (marv) following a three-dose vaccine regimen of ebov or marv vlps, as well as heterologous protection against ravn virus (r ... | 2015 | 25793502 |
| mapping of conserved and species-specific antibody epitopes on the ebola virus nucleoprotein. | filoviruses (viruses in the genus ebolavirus and marburgvirus in the family filoviridae) cause severe haemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. rapid, highly sensitive, and reliable filovirus-specific assays are required for diagnostics and outbreak control. characterisation of antigenic sites in viral proteins can aid in the development of viral antigen detection assays such immunochromatography-based rapid diagnosis. we generated a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the n ... | 2013 | 23702199 |
| a multiagent filovirus dna vaccine delivered by intramuscular electroporation completely protects mice from ebola and marburg virus challenge. | we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of dna vaccines expressing the codon-optimized envelope glycoprotein genes of zaire ebolavirus, sudan ebolavirus, and marburg marburgvirus (musoke and ravn). intramuscular or intradermal delivery of the vaccines in balb/c mice was performed using the trigrid™ electroporation device. mice that received dna vaccines against the individual viruses developed robust glycoprotein-specific antibody titers as determined by elisa and survived lethal ... | 2012 | 22922764 |
| guide to the correct use of filoviral nomenclature. | the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv) currently recognizes three genera and seven species as part of the mononegaviral family filoviridae. eight distinct filoviruses (bundibugyo virus, ebola virus, lloviu virus, marburg virus, ravn virus, reston virus, sudan virus, and taï forest virus) have been assigned to these seven species. this chapter briefly summarizes the status quo of filovirus classification and focuses on the importance of differentiating between filoviral species ... | 2017 | 28653188 |
| distribution of marburg virus in africa: an evolutionary approach. | the aim of this study was to investigate the origin and geographical dispersion of marburg virus, the first member of the filoviridae family to be discovered. seventy-three complete genome sequences of marburg virus isolated from animals and humans were retrieved from public databases and analysed using a bayesian phylogeographical framework. the phylogenetic tree of the marburg virus data set showed two significant evolutionary lineages: ravn virus (ravv) and marburg virus (marv). marv divided ... | 2016 | 27282469 |
| the vp40 protein of marburg virus exhibits impaired budding and increased sensitivity to human tetherin following mouse adaptation. | the marburg virus vp40 protein is a viral matrix protein that spontaneously buds from cells. it also functions as an interferon (ifn) signaling antagonist by targeting janus kinase 1 (jak1). a previous study demonstrated that the vp40 protein of the ravn strain of marburg virus (ravn virus [ravv]) failed to block ifn signaling in mouse cells, whereas the mouse-adapted ravv (maravv) vp40 acquired the ability to inhibit ifn responses in mouse cells. the increased ifn antagonist function of maravv ... | 2014 | 25297995 |
| authentication of the r06e fruit bat cell line. | fruit bats and insectivorous bats are believed to provide a natural reservoir for a wide variety of infectious diseases. several lines of evidence, including the successful isolation of infectious viruses, indicate that marburg virus and ravn virus have found a major reservoir in colonies of the egyptian rousette (rousettus aegyptiacus). to facilitate molecular studies on virus-reservoir host interactions and isolation of viruses from environmental samples, we established cell lines from primary ... | 2012 | 22754654 |
| the marburgvirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody mr191 targets a conserved site to block virus receptor binding. | since their first identification 50 years ago, marburgviruses have emerged several times, with 83%-90% lethality in the largest outbreaks. although no vaccines or therapeutics are available for human use, the human antibody mr191 provides complete protection in non-human primates when delivered several days after inoculation of a lethal marburgvirus dose. the detailed neutralization mechanism of mr191 remains outstanding. here we present a 3.2 å crystal structure of mr191 complexed with a trimer ... | 2018 | 29324225 |
| sirna rescues nonhuman primates from advanced marburg and ravn virus disease. | ebolaviruses and marburgviruses belong to the family filoviridae and cause high lethality in infected patients. there are currently no licensed filovirus vaccines or antiviral therapies. the development of broad-spectrum therapies against members of the marburgvirus genus, including marburg virus (marv) and ravn virus (ravv), is difficult because of substantial sequence variability. rnai therapeutics offer a potential solution, as identification of conserved target nucleotide sequences may confe ... | 2017 | 29106386 |