| [blood-sucking biting midges (ceratopogonidae) in north central siberia]. | 6000 adult punkies were collected from man and animals over a period of 15 years in the taimyr and evenki autonomous okrugs of krasnoyarsk territory. four species culicoides chiopterus, c. pulicaris, c. fascipennis, c. alatavicus are reported from tundra and forest-tundra of taimyr (68 degrees 00'-73 degrees 13' n). punkies of the above species are small in number and do not occur all over the region. in northern and middle taiga of evenkia (60 degrees 20'-65 degrees 45' n) punkies are very abun ... | 1990 | 2349002 |
| molecular identification of western european species of obsoletus complex (diptera: ceratopogonidae) by an internal transcribed spacer-1 rdna multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. | in southern europe, orbiviral diseases such as bluetongue (bt) have been assumed to have been largely transmitted by the classical afro-asian vector culicoides imicola kieffer (diptera: ceratopogonidae). recent outbreaks have occurred in regions where c. imicola is normally absent, supporting the theory that other species belonging to the obsoletus or pulicaris complexes may play a role in bt virus transmission. investigations of the ecology of the species within the former group are hampered by ... | 2007 | 18047201 |
| culicoides chiopterus as a potential vector of bluetongue virus in europe. | | 2008 | 18375991 |
| the culicoides 'snapshot': a novel approach used to assess vector densities widely and rapidly during the 2006 outbreak of bluetongue (bt) in the netherlands. | a novel method was developed and implemented during the recent outbreak of bluetongue (bt) in sheep and cattle in the netherlands to obtain rapidly a 'snapshot' of culicoides vector densities at the national level. the country was divided into 110 raster cells, each measuring 20 km x 20 km; within 106 of these cells, a farm was selected with a minimum of 10 cattle and sampled for culicoides for one night only using the onderstepoort-type blacklight trap. prior to deployment of the light traps in ... | 2008 | 18657871 |
| endophily in culicoides associated with btv-infected cattle in the province of limburg, south-eastern netherlands, 2006. | culicoides were captured at a btv-infected dairy near gulpen in the province of limburg (south-east netherlands) between 14 september and 4 october 2006. onderstepoort-type blacklight traps were used to sample culicoides both inside and outside a partially open shed housing 11 cattle. a total of 28 light trap collections were made at the shed and yielded: 9371 culicoides representing 11 species; >90% comprised five potential vectors of btv and in order of abundance were culicoides obsoletus and ... | 2008 | 18672304 |
| re-emergence of bluetongue, african horse sickness, and other orbivirus diseases. | arthropod-transmitted viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of disease in humans and animals, and it is proposed that climate change will increase the distribution and severity of arboviral diseases. orbiviruses are the cause of important and apparently emerging arboviral diseases of livestock, including bluetongue virus (btv), african horse sickness virus (ahsv), equine encephalosis virus (eev), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) that are all transmitted by haematophagous culic ... | 2010 | 20167199 |
| the life-cycle and habits of culicoides impunctatus goetghebuer and culicoides obsoletus meigen, together with some observations on the life-cycle of culicoides odibilis austen, culicoides pallidicornis kieffer, culicoides cubita lis edwards and culicoides chiopterus meigen. | | 1947 | 20249294 |
| potential role of ticks as vectors of bluetongue virus. | when the first outbreak of bluetongue virus serotype 8 (btv8) was recorded in north-west europe in august 2006 and renewed outbreaks occurred in the summer of 2007 and again in 2008, the question was raised how the virus survived the winter. since most adult culicoides vector midges are assumed not to survive the northern european winter, and transovarial transmission in culicoides is not recorded, we examined the potential vector role of ixodid and argasid ticks for bluetongue virus. four speci ... | 2010 | 20358393 |
| contribution to the knowledge of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) host preferences in france. | knowledge on host-feeding pattern of blood-sucking insects helps to understand the epidemiology of a vector-born disease. we determined blood meal origin from blood-fed culicoides thanks to molecular techniques. a set of primers was used to selectively amplify segment of vertebrates' prepronociceptin gene from abdomen of engorged culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae). vertebrate dna was successfully amplified in 91% of blood-fed culicoides assayed. direct sequencing and comparison of resultant s ... | 2010 | 20967462 |
| morphological and molecular identification of species of the obsoletus group (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in scandinavia. | after the introduction of bluetongue in northern europe in 2006, populations of culicoides have been monitored in many european countries. large quantities of culicoides specimens shall be determined to species, and it is thus important to find reliable morphological characters that are visualized in a stereomicroscope. culicoides obsoletus, culicoides scoticus, culicoides chiopterus, and culicoides dewulfi all belonging to subgenus avaritia are common in collections in northern europe. c. obsol ... | 2011 | 21461726 |
| adaptation of a species-specific multiplex pcr assay for the identification of blood meal source in culicoides (ceratopogonidae: diptera): applications on palaearctic biting midge species, vectors of orbiviruses. | culicoides are small biting midges involved worldwide in the transmission of bluetongue and african horse sickness viruses. feeding behaviours of palaearctic biting midge species and their spatio-temporal dynamics remain unclear at the specific level. three multiplex species-specific pcr-based assays were developed and used to identify blood meal source of engorged females of palaearctic midge species of veterinary interest. species-specific primers of potential hosts from livestock, domestic an ... | 2011 | 21511056 |
| assessment of vector/host contact: comparison of animal-baited traps and uv-light/suction trap for collecting culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae), vectors of orbiviruses. | abstract: | 2011 | 21707980 |
| Seasonal dynamics of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides), the potential vectors of bluetongue virus, in Sweden. | The outbreak of bluetongue (BT) in northern Europe 2006 initiated the monitoring of vectors, biting midges of the genus Culicoides in Sweden. In order to determine the diversity, distribution and seasonal dynamics of Culicoides, weekly collections were made during 2008 and during March-December 2009 using the Ondestepoort Veterinary Institute black light trap. Twenty sampling sites were selected in 12 provinces. In total of 30,704 Culicoides were collected in 2008 and 32,252 in 2009. The most ab ... | 2011 | 21944873 |
| are bogs reservoirs for emerging disease vectors? evaluation of culicoides populations in the hautes fagnes nature reserve (belgium). | several species of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) biting midges serve as biological vectors for the bluetongue virus (btv) and the recently described schmallenberg virus (sbv) in northern europe. since their recent emergence in this part of the continent, these diseases have caused considerable economic losses to the sheep and cattle industries. much data is now available that describe the distribution, population dynamics, and feeding habits of these insects. however, little is known reg ... | 2013 | 23799137 |
| insight on the larval habitat of afrotropical culicoides latreille (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in the niayes area of senegal, west africa. | certain biting midges species of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are vectors of virus to livestock worldwide. culicoides larval ecology has remained overlooked because of difficulties to identify breeding sites, methodological constraints to collect samples and lack of morphological tools to identify field-collected individuals to the species level. after the 2007 unforeseen outbreaks of african horse sickness virus (ahsv) in senegal (west africa), there is a need to identify sui ... | 2016 | 27549191 |
| can insecticide-treated netting provide protection for equids from culicoides biting midges in the united kingdom? | biting midges of the genus culicoides latreille, 1809 (diptera: ceratopogonidae) cause a significant biting nuisance to equines and are responsible for the biological transmission of african horse sickness virus (ahsv). while currently restricted in distribution to sub-saharan africa, ahsv has a history of emergence into southern europe and causes one of the most lethal diseases of horses and other species of equidae. in the event of an outbreak of ahsv, the use of insecticide treated nets (itns ... | 2015 | 26607993 |
| towards the pcr-based identification of palaearctic culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae): results from an international ring trial targeting four species of the subgenus avaritia. | biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are biological vectors of internationally important arboviruses. to understand the role of culicoides in the transmission of these viruses, it is essential to correctly identify the species involved. within the western palaearctic region, the main suspected vector species, c. obsoletus, c. scoticus, c. dewulfi and c. chiopterus, have similar wing patterns, which makes it difficult to separate and identify them correctly. | 2014 | 24884950 |
| host-seeking activity of bluetongue virus vectors: endo/exophagy and circadian rhythm of culicoides in western europe. | feeding success of free-living hematophagous insects depends on their ability to be active when hosts are available and to reach places where hosts are accessible. when the hematophagous insect is a vector of pathogens, determining the components of host-seeking behavior is of primary interest for the assessment of transmission risk. our aim was to describe endo/exophagy and circadian host-seeking activity of palaearctic culicoides species, which are major biting pests and arbovirus vectors, usi ... | 2012 | 23144735 |
| does covering of farm-associated culicoides larval habitat reduce adult populations in the united kingdom? | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are the biological vectors of a range of internationally important arboviruses of livestock, including bluetongue virus (btv) and the recently emerging schmallenberg virus (sbv). culicoides species in the subgenus avaritia (in the uk: culicoides obsoletus meigen, culicoides scoticus downes & kettle, culicoides dewulfi goetghebuer and culicoides chiopterus meigen) have been implicated in btv transmission in northern europe and to a varying degre ... | 2013 | 24472769 |
| measurement of the infection and dissemination of bluetongue virus in culicoides biting midges using a semi-quantitative rt-pcr assay and isolation of infectious virus. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are the biological vectors of globally significant arboviruses of livestock including bluetongue virus (btv), african horse sickness virus (ahsv) and the recently emerging schmallenberg virus (sbv). from 2006-2009 outbreaks of btv in northern europe inflicted major disruption and economic losses to farmers and several attempts were made to implicate palaearctic culicoides species as vectors. results from these studies were difficult to interpre ... | 2013 | 23940643 |
| arthropod surveillance programs: basic components, strategies, and analysis. | effective entomological surveillance planning stresses a careful consideration of methodology, trapping technologies, and analysis techniques. herein, the basic principles and technological components of arthropod surveillance plans are described, as promoted in the symposium "advancements in arthropod monitoring technology, techniques, and analysis" presented at the 58th annual meeting of the entomological society of america in san diego, ca. interdisciplinary examples of arthropod monitoring f ... | 0 | 26543242 |
| environmental drivers of culicoides phenology: how important is species-specific variation when determining disease policy? | since 2006, arboviruses transmitted by culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) have caused significant disruption to ruminant production in northern europe. the most serious incursions involved strains of bluetongue virus (btv), which cause bluetongue (bt) disease. to control spread of btv, movement of susceptible livestock is restricted with economic and animal welfare impacts. the timing of btv transmission in temperate regions is partly determined by the seasonal presence of adult ... | 2014 | 25386940 |
| schmallenberg virus in culicoides spp. biting midges, the netherlands, 2011. | to determine which species of culicoides biting midges carry schmallenberg virus (sbv), we assayed midges collected in the netherlands during autumn 2011. sbv rna was found in c. scoticus, c. obsoletus sensu stricto, and c. chiopterus. the high proportion of infected midges might explain the rapid spread of sbv throughout europe. | 0 | 23260040 |
| why did bluetongue spread the way it did? environmental factors influencing the velocity of bluetongue virus serotype 8 epizootic wave in france. | understanding where and how fast an infectious disease will spread during an epidemic is critical for its control. however, the task is a challenging one as numerous factors may interact and drive the spread of a disease, specifically when vector-borne diseases are involved. we advocate the use of simultaneous autoregressive models to identify environmental features that significantly impact the velocity of disease spread. we illustrate this approach by exploring several environmental factors in ... | 2012 | 22916249 |
| where are the horses? with the sheep or cows? uncertain host location, vector-feeding preferences and the risk of african horse sickness transmission in great britain. | understanding the influence of non-susceptible hosts on vector-borne disease transmission is an important epidemiological problem. however, investigation of its impact can be complicated by uncertainty in the location of the hosts. estimating the risk of transmission of african horse sickness (ahs) in great britain (gb), a virus transmitted by culicoides biting midges, provides an insightful example because: (i) the patterns of risk are expected to be influenced by the presence of non-susceptibl ... | 2013 | 23594817 |
| modelling the effects of past and future climate on the risk of bluetongue emergence in europe. | vector-borne diseases are among those most sensitive to climate because the ecology of vectors and the development rate of pathogens within them are highly dependent on environmental conditions. bluetongue (bt), a recently emerged arboviral disease of ruminants in europe, is often cited as an illustration of climate's impact on disease emergence, although no study has yet tested this association. here, we develop a framework to quantitatively evaluate the effects of climate on bt's emergence in ... | 2011 | 21697167 |
| emergence of culicoides obsoletus group species from farm-associated habitats in germany. | biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) may transmit several arboviruses to ruminant livestock. the species of the obsoletus group are considered to be among the most important vectors of bluetongue virus (btv) in northern europe. as agricultural environments offer suitable habitats for the development of their immature stages, the emergence of adult culicoides from potential breeding sites was investigated at 20 cattle farms throughout germany in 2012 and 2013. in analy ... | 2016 | 26744290 |
| the dying of the light: crepuscular activity in culicoides and impact on light trap efficacy at temperate latitudes. | the light trap is the tool of choice for conducting large-scale culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) vector surveillance programmes. its efficacy is in doubt, however. to assess this, hourly changes in culicoides activity over the 24-h diel were determined comparatively by way of light trapping and aerial sweeping, and correlated against light intensity. in the netherlands, sweeping around cattle at pasture revealed that, in early summer, culicoides are active throughout the diel, and that thei ... | 2016 | 26555116 |
| impact of flooding on the immature stages of dung-breeding culicoides in northern europe. | in northern europe, dung-breeding culicoides (e.g., culicoides chiopterus (meigen 1830) and culicoides dewulfi (goetghebuer 1936)) are considered to be important vectors of the bluetongue virus and schmallenberg virus. the interpretation of their distribution is difficult due to the lack of knowledge about their ecology. previously, soil moisture and especially flooding were identified as important factors that influence the development of several biting-midge species. therefore, this experiment ... | 2014 | 24986464 |
| impact of mechanical disturbance on the emergence of culicoides from cowpats. | the outbreaks of bluetongue virus and schmallenberg virus between 2006 and 2012 highlighted the need for control methods for north-western palaearctic biting midge species. there is especially a demand for alternative control methods without application of insecticides. therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the impact of mechanical disturbance as a control method for culicoides biting midges in cowpats. we used a trash rake to destroy the compact structure of cowpats and spread ... | 2014 | 24452917 |
| impact of freezing on the emergence of culicoides chiopterus and culicoides dewulfi from bovine dung. | the emergence of culicoides chiopterus (meigen), 1830 and c. dewulfi goetghebuer, 1936 (diptera: ceratopogonidae) from cowpats in northwestern germany was investigated. in order to investigate the survival of both species at low temperatures, cowpat subsamples were frozen for 48h at -18 and -21°c. emergence from frozen and non-frozen samples was compared. the number of emerging adults of c. chiopterus from samples frozen at -18°c was greatly reduced and no emergence was observed from samples fro ... | 2015 | 25704656 |
| assessment of the abundance of culicoides chiopterus and culicoides dewulfi in bovine dung: a comparison of larvae extraction techniques and emergence traps. | we compared two larvae extraction methods involving sugar-flotation and an adapted berlese funnel-extraction with emergence traps. this was done in order to analyse the colonisation of cowpats by culicoides chiopterus (meigen 1830) and culicoides dewulfi (goetghebuer 1936) (diptera: ceratopogonidae) and to gain information on the comparability and efficacy of these three methods. with all three methods, a considerable number of individuals was obtained. significantly more individuals were obtain ... | 2014 | 25155279 |
| impact of experimental flooding on larvae and pupae of dung-breeding culicoides. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) spend the greatest part of their life in the larval stage. however, knowledge on the immature stages and the impact of abiotic factors on their development is still poor. therefore, we investigated the effect of flooding on the larvae and pupae of culicoides chiopterus (meigen, 1830) and c. dewulfi goetghebuer, 1936. in water, the larvae of both species showed head-to-tail flexions and sinuous flexions, at slow rates, but were not able to swim. ... | 2016 | 27234035 |
| comparison of emergence traps of different shape and translucency in the trapping of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | various types of emergence traps are available for investigations of the breeding habitats of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae). in order to assess the potential impact of the trap design on the trapping success, we compared the efficiency of opaque and white (more translucent) emergence traps and two trap shapes (cone-shaped and quadratic), to sample culicoides emerging from cowpats. significantly higher numbers of culicoides chiopterus and culicoides dewulfi were trapped with opaque traps, ... | 2016 | 27198792 |
| effects of temperature and photoperiod on the development of overwintering immature culicoides chiopterus and c. dewulfi. | in areas with harsh winters, several studies have recorded low numbers - or even zero - adult culicoides during the winter period followed by a population peak in the subsequent spring. this experimental study determined whether temperature, photoperiod, or the combination thereof affect the development of overwintering immature dung breeding culicoides, resulting in this peak. temperature had a significant impact on the development period of culicoides chiopterus (meigen), 1830 and c. dewulfi g ... | 2015 | 26467278 |
| culicoides monitoring in belgium in 2011: analysis of spatiotemporal abundance, species diversity and schmallenberg virus detection. | in 2011, culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) were collected at 16 locations covering four regions of belgium with onderstepoort veterinary institute (ovi) traps and at two locations with rothamsted suction traps (rsts). quantification of the collections and morphological identification showed important variations in abundance and species diversity between individual collection sites, even for sites located in the same region. however, consistently higher numbers of culicoides midges were colle ... | 2015 | 25761054 |
| topsoil conditions correlate with the emergence rates of culicoides chiopterus and culicoides dewulfi (diptera: ceratopogonidae) from cowpats. | culicoides chiopterus (meigen), 1830 and culicoides dewulfi goetghebuer, 1936 (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are considered to develop exclusively in dung, but do not necessarily show an equal distribution and abundance on livestock farms in northern europe. recent modelling studies identified soil parameters to explain these differences. the present study addressed the question whether topsoil conditions underneath cowpats correlate with the number of emerging c. chiopterus and c. dewulfi. we recor ... | 2015 | 25563611 |
| wing geometry as a tool for discrimination of obsoletus group (diptera: ceratopogonidae: culicoides) in france. | in europe, culicoides chiopterus, culicoides dewulfi, culicoides obsoletus and culicoides scoticus, which belongs to the subgenus avaritia and obsoletus group are the most proficient bluetongue and schmallenberg vectors. within this group, correct identification based on morphological traits is difficult but essential to assess disease transmission risk. the development of new tools has revolutionized taxonomy (i.e. geometric morphometrics and molecular biology). wing morphology is of primary im ... | 2014 | 24514019 |
| comparative study of antennal and maxillary palp olfactory sensilla of female biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae: culicoides) in the context of host preference and phylogeny. | culicoides biting midges (diptera ceratopogonidae) are vectors of disease, including bluetongue and african horse sickness. host preference of these insects is primarily regulated by olfactory cues, detected by olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps. in this study, we analyzed the sensillum repertoire of biting midge species with known host preferences. five different morphological sensillum types, sensilla trichodea, s. chaetica, s. ampullacea, s. coeloconica, and grooved peg se ... | 2013 | 23802442 |
| investigation of diel activity of culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in the united kingdom by using a vehicle-mounted trap. | truck trap collections of culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) were made during 2 yr of sampling from 2008 to 2009 at a farm site in southern england. samples were collected from 810 sample runs carried out over 52 d and contained 7,095 culicoides of which more than half (50.3%) were identified as culicoides obsoletus meigen by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. other commonly encountered species included culicoides scoticus downes & kettle (14.7% of total culicoid ... | 2012 | 22679886 |
| schmallenberg virus in culicoides latreille (diptera: ceratopogonidae) populations in france during 2011-2012 outbreak. | following the emergence of the schmallenberg virus (sbv) in 2011 in germany and its rapid spread in europe, culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) collected through the french surveillance network were analysed in order to record the presence of virus genome into species diversity collected, to assess the minimum infectious rates (mir) and the virus circulation dynamics in culicoides populations. two vector activity periods were selected (2011, august to october, 53 sites and 2012, june to octobe ... | 2017 | 28815930 |
| molecular phylogeny of 42 species of culicoides (diptera, ceratopogonidae) from three continents. | the genus culicoides includes vectors of important animal diseases such as bluetongue and schmallenberg virus (btv and sbv). this genus includes 1300 species classified in 32 subgenera and 38 unclassified species. however, the phylogenetic relationships between different subgenera of culicoides have never been studied. phylogenetic analyses of 42 species belonging to 12 subgenera and 8 ungrouped species of genus culicoides from ecuador, france, gabon, madagascar and tunisia were carried out usin ... | 2017 | 28643630 |