| the n-terminal fragment of the tomato torrado virus rna1-encoded polyprotein induces a hypersensitive response (hr)-like reaction in nicotiana benthamiana. | the hypersensitive response (hr) is a defence reaction observed during incompatible plant-pathogen interactions in plants infected with a wide range of fungi, bacteria and viruses. here, we show that an n-terminal polyprotein fragment encoded by tomato torrado virus rna1, located between the first atg codon and the protease cofactor (proco) motif, induces an hr-like reaction in nicotiana benthamiana. agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of the first 105 amino acids (the calcul ... | 2016 | 27072852 |
| construction of infectious clones of tomato torrado virus and their delivery by agroinfiltration. | the first biologically active infectious clones of tomato torrado virus (totv) were generated and delivered into nicotiana benthamiana and solanum lycopersicum plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the engineered constructs consisted of pcr-amplified complementary dnas derived from the totv rna1 and rna2 components, individually inserted into an engineered pgreen binary vector between the camv 35s promoter and nopaline synthase terminator. these constructs were introduced into the plant hosts by ... | 2015 | 25416854 |
| major tomato viruses in the mediterranean basin. | tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) originated in south america and was brought to europe by the spaniards in the sixteenth century following their colonization of mexico. from europe, tomato was introduced to north america in the eighteenth century. tomato plants show a wide climatic tolerance and are grown in both tropical and temperate regions around the world. the climatic conditions in the mediterranean basin favor tomato cultivation, where it is traditionally produced as an open-field plant. ... | 2012 | 22682165 |
| tomato chocolate spot virus, a member of a new torradovirus species that causes a necrosis-associated disease of tomato in guatemala. | tomatoes in guatemala have been affected by a new disease, locally known as "mancha de chocolate" (chocolate spot). the disease is characterized by distinct necrotic spots on leaves, stems and petioles that eventually expand and cause a dieback of apical tissues. samples from symptomatic plants tested negative for infection by tomato spotted wilt virus, tobacco streak virus, tobacco etch virus and other known tomato-infecting viruses. a virus-like agent was sap-transmitted from diseased tissue t ... | 2010 | 20376682 |
| emerging viral diseases of tomato crops. | viral diseases are an important limiting factor in many crop production systems. because antiviral products are not available, control strategies rely on genetic resistance or hygienic measures to prevent viral diseases, or on eradication of diseased crops to control such diseases. increasing international travel and trade of plant materials enhances the risk of introducing new viruses and their vectors into production systems. in addition, changing climate conditions can contribute to a success ... | 2010 | 20367462 |
| tomato chocolàte virus: a new plant virus infecting tomato and a proposed member of the genus torradovirus. | a new virus was isolated from a tomato plant from guatemala showing necrotic spots on the bases of the leaves and chocolate-brown patches on the fruits. structural and molecular analysis showed the virus to be clearly related to but distinct from the recently described tomato torrado virus (totv) and tomato marchitez virus (tomarv), both members of the genus torradovirus. the name tomato chocolàte virus is proposed for this new torradovirus. | 2010 | 20229114 |
| secoviridae: a proposed family of plant viruses within the order picornavirales that combines the families sequiviridae and comoviridae, the unassigned genera cheravirus and sadwavirus, and the proposed genus torradovirus. | the order picornavirales includes several plant viruses that are currently classified into the families comoviridae (genera comovirus, fabavirus and nepovirus) and sequiviridae (genera sequivirus and waikavirus) and into the unassigned genera cheravirus and sadwavirus. these viruses share properties in common with other picornavirales (particle structure, positive-strand rna genome with a polyprotein expression strategy, a common replication block including type iii helicase, a 3c-like cysteine ... | 2009 | 19350366 |
| the nucleotide sequence of a polish isolate of tomato torrado virus. | a new virus was isolated from greenhouse tomato plants showing symptoms of leaf and apex necrosis in wielkopolska province in poland in 2003. the observed symptoms and the virus morphology resembled viruses previously reported in spain called tomato torrado virus (totv) and that in mexico called tomato marchitez virus (tomarv). the complete genome of a polish isolate wal'03 was determined using rt-pcr amplification using oligonucleotide primers developed against the totv sequences deposited in g ... | 2008 | 18781383 |
| tomato marchitez virus, a new plant picorna-like virus from tomato related to tomato torrado virus. | a new virus was isolated from a tomato plant from the state of sinaloa in mexico. this plant showed symptoms locally known as 'marchitez disease': severe leaf necrosis, beginning at the base of the leaflets, and necrotic rings on the fruits. a virus was isolated from the infected plant consisting of isometric particles with a diameter of approximately 28 nm. the viral genome consists of two (+)ssrna molecules of 7221 (rna1) and 4898 nts (rna2). the viral capsid contains three coat proteins of 35 ... | 2008 | 17965923 |
| identification and characterisation of tomato torrado virus, a new plant picorna-like virus from tomato. | a new virus was isolated from tomato plants from the murcia region in spain which showed symptoms of 'torrado disease'; very distinct necrotic, almost burn-like symptoms on leaves of infected plants. the virus particles are isometric with a diameter of approximately 28 nm. the viral genome consists of two (+)ssrna molecules of 7793 (rna1) and 5389 nts (rna2). rna1 contains one open reading frame (orf) encoding a predicted polyprotein of 241 kda that shows conserved regions with motifs typical fo ... | 2007 | 17226066 |
| two generic pcr primer sets for the detection of members of the genus torradovirus. | two degenerate primer pairs were designed for the universal detection of members of the genus torradovirus. primer pair torrado-1f/torrado-1r was designed based on the rna-dependent rna polymerase region located in rna1 and primer pair torrado-2f/torrado-2r based on a region overlapping the two first coat proteins vp35 and vp26 in rna2. the primers were used in two-step and one-step rt-pcr protocols. both primer pairs were able to detect 14 out of 15 isolates belonging to the two torradovirus sp ... | 2012 | 22771385 |
| torradoviruses are transmitted in a semi-persistent and stylet-borne manner by three whitefly vectors. | members of the genus torradovirus (family secoviridae, type species tomato torrado virus, totv) are spherical plant viruses transmitted by the whitefly species trialeurodes vaporariorum and bemisia tabaci. knowledge on the mode of vector transmission is lacking for torradoviruses. here, the mode of transmission was determined for tomato marchitez virus (tomarv). a minimal acquisition access period (aap) and inoculation access period (iap) of approximately 2h each was required for its transmissio ... | 2014 | 24342139 |
| genetic variability within the polish tomato torrado virus kra isolate caused by deletions in the 3'-untranslated region of genomic rna1. | tomato torrado virus (totv) is in the genus torradovirus in the family secoviridae. totv contains a single-stranded, positive-sense, bipartite rna genome encapsidated in icosahedral particles. it is a serious tomato pathogen causing significant crop reductions. its occurrence has been reported from many countries worldwide. however, the state of knowledge of totv epidemiology, sequences and phylogeny is still rather poor. in this study we found that the polish totv isolates are characterized by ... | 2014 | 24657785 |
| detection and absolute quantitation of tomato torrado virus (totv) by real time rt-pcr. | tomato torrado virus (totv) causes serious damage to the tomato industry and significant economic losses. a quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) method using primers and a specific taqman(®) mgb probe for totv was developed for sensitive detection and quantitation of different totv isolates. a standard curve using rna transcripts enabled absolute quantitation, with a dynamic range from 10(4) to 10(10) totv rna copies/ng of total rna. the specificity of ... | 2015 | 25956672 |
| torradoviruses. | torradoviruses are an example of a group of recently discovered plant viruses. the first description of tomato torrado virus, now the type member of the newly established genus torradovirus within the family secoviridae, was published in 2007 and was quickly followed by findings of other torradoviruses, initially all on tomato. their characterization led to the development of tools that allowed recognition of still other torradoviruses, only very recently found on non-tomato crops, which indicat ... | 2015 | 26047567 |
| a single amino acid substitution in movement protein of tomato torrado virus influences totv infectivity in solanum lycopersicum. | tomato torrado virus (totv), which is a tomato-infecting member of the genus torradovirus, induces severe systemic necrosis in solanum lycopersicum cv. beta lux as well as leaf malformation and chlorosis in nicotiana benthamiana. to date, neither the tomato gene conferring resistance to the pathogen nor the totv-encoded necrosis determinant have been characterized. we herein revealed that the phenylalanine 210 residue in the movement protein domain encoded by totv rna2 is a necrosis-inducing pat ... | 2016 | 26562559 |
| one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for detection of tomato torrado virus. | 'torrado' disease caused by tomato torrado virus (totv) is responsible for considerable losses in tomato production. therefore, a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification protocol for early and fast detection of totv isolates has been developed. the rna extracted from totv-infected plants was tested using this protocol with a set of six primers specific for the vp35 coat protein gene sequence. the amplified products were analyzed using amplification curves, electroph ... | 2016 | 26887971 |
| aphid transmission of lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus, a member of a tentative new subgroup within the genus torradovirus. | lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus (lnlcv) was described as the first non-tomato-infecting member of the genus torradovirus. until today, the virus was found only in the netherlands in two different areas in open field crops of lettuce. in 2015, lnlcv was accepted by the ictv as a new member of the genus torradovirus. the tomato-infecting (ti) torradoviruses tomato torrado virus (totv), tomato marchitez virus (tomarv) and tomato chocolàte virus (tochv) are transmitted by at least three whitefly sp ... | 2017 | 28223184 |
| pepino mosaic virus and tomato torrado virus: two emerging viruses affecting tomato crops in the mediterranean basin. | the molecular biology, epidemiology, and evolutionary dynamics of pepino mosaic virus (pepmv) are much better understood than those of tomato torrado virus (totv). the earliest descriptions of pepmv suggest a recent jump from nontomato species (e.g., pepino; solanum muricatum) to tomato (solanum lycopersicum). its stability in contaminated plant tissues, its transmission through seeds, and the global trade of tomato seeds and fruits may have facilitated the global spread of pepmv. stability and ... | 2012 | 22682177 |
| assessment of reference gene stability influenced by extremely divergent disease symptoms in solanum lycopersicum l. | tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) is one of the most important vegetables of great worldwide economic value. the scientific importance of the vegetable results from the fact that the genome of s. lycopersicum has been sequenced. this allows researchers to study fundamental mechanisms playing an essential role during tomato development and response to environmental factors contributing significantly to cell metabolism alterations. parallel with the development of contemporary genetics and the cons ... | 2013 | 23994079 |