| further characterization of the ts453 mutant of mammalian orthoreovirus serotype 3 and nucleotide sequence of the mutated s4 gene. | the sigma 3 protein of mammalian orthoreoviruses has multiple proven and postulated roles during viral multiplication. in this manuscript we took advantage of the availability of the ts453 thermosensitive mutant, already assigned to the s4 gene encoding sigma 3, to begin the elucidation of the relationship between the two main domains and the different roles of the sigma 3 viral protein. the alteration in the mutant appeared to affect the structural role of the protein. nucleotide sequence deter ... | 1992 | 1529549 |
| structure of mammalian orthoreovirus particles. | | 1998 | 9599919 |
| internal/structures containing transcriptase-related proteins in top component particles of mammalian orthoreovirus. | the structure of mammalian orthoreovirus top component particles, which are profoundly deficient in the content of double-stranded rna genome, was determined at 30 a resolution by transmission cryoelectron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. previously undetected, ordered densities, appearing primarily as pentameric flowers in the reconstruction, were seen to extend 65 a inwardly from the inner capsid at the icosahedral fivefold axes. identically positioned but lower density e ... | 1998 | 9614865 |
| mammalian reovirus m3 gene sequences and conservation of coiled-coil motifs near the carboxyl terminus of the microns protein. | nucleotide sequences of the mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) type 1 lang and type 2 jones m3 gene segments were newly determined. the nucleotide sequence of the reovirus type 3 dearing m3 segment also was determined to compare with a previously reported m3 sequence for that isolate. comparisons showed lang and dearing m3 to be more closely related than either was to jones m3, consistent with previous findings for other reovirus gene segments. the microns protein sequences deduced from each m3 ... | 1999 | 10544126 |
| outbreak of orthoreovirus-induced meningoencephalomyelitis in baboons. | spontaneous viral encephalitis is rare in the baboon; yet, during a 13-month period (1993-1994), eight juvenile baboons (papio cynocephalus spp.) developed acute, progressive nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis caused by an unknown agent. clinical signs of disease included disorientation and truncal ataxia that rapidly progressed to hemiparesis or paraparesis. clinicopathologic findings were not remarkable and appreciable gross lesions were not seen at necropsy. microscopic examination revea ... | 2000 | 10857011 |
| sequence characterization of ndelle virus genome segments 1, 5, 7, 8, and 10: evidence for reassignment to the genus orthoreovirus, family reoviridae. | the full-length nucleotide sequences of genome segments 1, 5, 7, 8 and 10 from ndelle virus (ndev) have been characterized. comparison of the deduced protein amino acid sequences with those of other member viruses of the family reoviridae demonstrates that ndev was originally assigned incorrectly to the genus orbivirus (aa identity values of <20%). in contrast, high levels of amino acid identity were found with members of the species mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv); for example, amino acid identit ... | 2001 | 11554769 |
| evaluation of virucidal activity of three commercial disinfectants and formic acid using bovine enterovirus type 1 (ecbo virus), mammalian orthoreovirus type 1 and bovine adenovirus type 1. | a modified version of the test method of the comité européen de normalisation (cen) was developed using formic acid and three commercial disinfectants to evaluate virucidal activity against three non-enveloped viruses, bovine enterovirus type 1 (ecbo virus), mammalian orthoreovirus type 1 and bovine adenovirus type 1 (bav 1). determination of the effects of temperature was carried out at 20 and 10 degrees c. all tests with protein load used bovine serum albumin (bsa) and yeast extract. the inves ... | 2003 | 12788019 |
| nucleoside and rna triphosphatase activities of orthoreovirus transcriptase cofactor mu2. | the mammalian orthoreovirus (morv) core particle is an icosahedral multienzyme complex for viral mrna synthesis and provides a delimited system for mechanistic studies of that process. previous genetic results have identified the morv mu2 protein as a determinant of viral strain differences in the transcriptase and nucleoside triphosphatase activities of cores. new results in this report provided biochemical and genetic evidence that purified mu2 is itself a divalent cation-dependent nucleoside ... | 2004 | 14613938 |
| protective immunoglobulin a and g antibodies bind to overlapping intersubunit epitopes in the head domain of type 1 reovirus adhesin sigma1. | nonfusogenic mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is an enteric pathogen of mice and a useful model for studies of how an enteric virus crosses the mucosal barrier of its host and is subject to control by the mucosal immune system. we recently generated and characterized a new murine immunoglobulin a (iga)-class monoclonal antibody (mab), 1e1, that binds to the adhesin fiber, sigma1, of reovirus type 1 lang (t1l) and thereby neutralizes the infectivity of that strain in cell culture. 1e1 is produc ... | 2004 | 15367636 |
| infectious entry of reovirus cores into mammalian cells enhanced by transfection. | the reovirus virion is a moderately complex structure that contains eight structural proteins organized in multiple concentric capsid layers. mammalian orthoreovirus virions undergo partial uncoating to produce infectious subvirion particles (isvps) and cores. virions and isvps are infectious, whereas cores are transcriptionally active, but non-infectious, presumably because cores lack entry signals present in outer capsid proteins. we generated and purified reovirus cores and exposed them to ce ... | 2005 | 15904980 |
| virological and molecular characterization of a mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 strain isolated from a dog in italy. | a mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) strain was isolated from a pup with fatal diarrhea, which had a concurrent infection by canine parvovirus type 2. the reovirus isolate showed an atypical hemagglutination pattern and a retarded electrophoretic mobility of the s1 segment, which is characteristic of mrv type 3 (mrv-3). assignment of the isolated virus to mrv-3 was confirmed by type-specific rt-pcr assays, targeting the s1 gene, and by subsequent sequence analysis of the pcr product. by phylogeny bas ... | 2005 | 15964158 |
| attachment and cell entry of mammalian orthoreovirus. | mammalian orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) serve as a tractable model system for studies of viral pathogenesis. reoviruses infect virtually all mammals, but cause disease only in the very young. prototype strains of the three reovirus serotypes differ in pathogenesis following infection of newborn mice. reoviruses are nonenveloped, icosahedral particles that consist of ten segments of double-stranded rna encapsidated within two protein shells, the inner core and outer capsid. high-resolution structu ... | 2006 | 16909895 |
| development of an integrated cell culture--real-time rt-pcr assay for detection of reovirus in biosolids. | the current method for viral detection in biosolids is a plaque assay, as specified by the epa in the 40 cfr part 503 rule. development of an integrated cell culture-polymerase chain reaction (icc-pcr) assay has allowed detection of viruses that are under-detected and undetected by the plaque assay. this study examined the efficiency of the icc-pcr method to detect mammalian orthoreovirus, a virus typically under-detected in biosolids. biosolid samples seeded with mammalian orthoreovirus type 1 ... | 2007 | 17161876 |
| guanidine hydrochloride inhibits mammalian orthoreovirus growth by reversibly blocking the synthesis of double-stranded rna. | millimolar concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride (guhcl) are known to inhibit the replication of many plant and animal viruses having positive-sense rna genomes. for example, guhcl reversibly interacts with the nucleotide-binding region of poliovirus protein 2c(atpase), resulting in a specific inhibition of viral negative-sense rna synthesis. the use of guhcl thereby allows for the spatiotemporal separation of poliovirus gene expression and rna replication and provides a powerful tool to syn ... | 2007 | 17301147 |
| features of the mammalian orthoreovirus 3 dearing l1 single-stranded rna that direct packaging and serotype restriction. | a series of recombinant mammalian orthoreoviruses (mammalian orthoreovirus 3 dearing, mrv-3de) were generated that express an mrv-3de lambda3-cat fusion protein. individual viruses contain l1cat double-stranded (ds) rnas that range in length from a minimum of 1020 bp to 4616 bp. the engineered dsrnas were generated from in vitro-transcribed single-stranded (ss) rnas and incorporated into infectious virus particles by using reverse genetics. in addition to defining the sequences required for thes ... | 2007 | 18024910 |
| formation of the factory matrix is an important, though not a sufficient function of nonstructural protein mu ns during reovirus infection. | genome replication of mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) occurs in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called viral factories. nonstructural protein microns, encoded by genome segment m3, is a major constituent of these structures. when expressed without other viral proteins, microns forms cytoplasmic inclusions morphologically similar to factories, suggesting a role for microns as the factory framework or matrix. in addition, most other mrv proteins, including all five core proteins (lambda1, lambda2, lamb ... | 2008 | 18374384 |
| subnanometer-resolution structures of the grass carp reovirus core and virion. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is a member of the aquareovirus genus of the family reoviridae, a large family of double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses infecting plants, insects, fishes and mammals. we report the first subnanometer-resolution three-dimensional structures of both gcrv core and virion by cryoelectron microscopy. these structures have allowed the delineation of interactions among the over 1000 molecules in this enormous macromolecular machine and a detailed comparison with other dsrna vir ... | 2008 | 18625243 |
| mammalian orthoreovirus particles induce and are recruited into stress granules at early times postinfection. | infection with many mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) strains results in shutoff of host, but not viral, protein synthesis via protein kinase r (pkr) activation and phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eif2alpha. following inhibition of protein synthesis, cellular mrnas localize to discrete structures in the cytoplasm called stress granules (sgs), where they are held in a translationally inactive state. we examined mrv-infected cells to characterize sg formation in response to mrv infect ... | 2009 | 19710141 |
| localization of mammalian orthoreovirus proteins to cytoplasmic factory-like structures via nonoverlapping regions of microns. | virally induced structures called viral factories form throughout the cytoplasm of cells infected with mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrv). when expressed alone in cells, mrv nonstructural protein microns forms factory-like structures very similar in appearance to viral factories, suggesting that it is involved in forming the structural matrix of these structures. microns also associates with mrv core particles; the core proteins mu2, lambda1, lambda2, lambda3, and sigma2; and the rna-binding nonstr ... | 2010 | 19889754 |
| a post-entry step in the mammalian orthoreovirus replication cycle is a determinant of cell tropism. | mammalian reoviruses replicate in a broad range of hosts, cells, and tissues. these viruses display strain-dependent variation in tropism for different types of cells in vivo and ex vivo. early steps in the reovirus life cycle, attachment, entry, and disassembly, have been identified as pivotal points of virus-cell interaction that determine the fate of infection, either productive or abortive. however, in studies of the differential capacity of reovirus strains type 1 lang and type 3 dearing to ... | 2010 | 20978124 |
| mammalian orthoreovirus escape from host translational shutoff correlates with stress granule disruption and is independent of eif2alpha phosphorylation and pkr. | in response to mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) infection, cells initiate a stress response that includes eif2α phosphorylation and protein synthesis inhibition. we have previously shown that early in infection, mrv activation of eif2α phosphorylation results in the formation of cellular stress granules (sgs). in this work, we show that as infection proceeds, mrv disrupts sgs despite sustained levels of phosphorylated eif2α and, further, interferes with the induction of sgs by other stress inducers ... | 2011 | 21715487 |
| isolation and genomic characterization of a novel orthoreovirus from a brown-eared bulbul (hypsipetes amaurotis) in japan. | five species, mammalian orthoreovirus, avian orthoreovirus (arv), nelson bay orthoreovirus (nbv), baboon orthoreovirus and reptilian orthoreovirus, have been identified in the genus orthoreovirus. their genomes each consist of 10 dsrna segments. a novel orthoreovirus was isolated from the haemorrhagic intestine of a dead brown-eared bulbul (hypsipetes amaurotis) in japan. the virus formed syncytia in caco-2 and vero cells. electron microscopy revealed non-enveloped capsids of ~70 nm diameter, wh ... | 2015 | 25740958 |
| high incidence of mammalian orthoreovirus identified by environmental surveillance in taiwan. | wild poliovirus (wpv) persists in diverse locales worldwide, spreading outward from endemic areas. in response to the international threat of wpv transmission and changes in the national vaccination policy, we established an environmental surveillance system to monitor the circulation of wild and vaccine-related poliovirus in taiwan. from july 2012 to december 2013, we collected sewage specimens every month from 10 sewage treatment plants located throughout taiwan. the specimens were concentrate ... | 2015 | 26555962 |
| stress granules (sg) and processing bodies (pb) in viral infections. | during reaction to stress caused by viral infection, rna granules are formed in order to protect mrna. stress granules (sg) and processing bodies (pb) provide cell homeostasis and mrna stability. they are formed, for example, during polio virus and mrv (mammalian orthoreovirus) infections. some viruses, such as influenza virus and htlv-1 (human t-lymphotropic virus 1), block the formation of granules. in addition, there are viruses like west nile virus, hepatitis c virus (hcv) or human herpes vi ... | 2016 | 26894234 |
| isolation and complete genome characterization of novel reassortant orthoreovirus from common vole (microtus arvalis). | a novel mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) strain was isolated from the lung tissue of a common vole (microtus arvalis) with tula hantavirus infection. seven segments (l1-l3, m2-m3, s2, and s4) of the hungarian mrv isolate morv/47ma/06 revealed a high similarity with an mrv strain detected in bank vole (myodes glareolus) in germany. the m1 and s3 segment of the hungarian isolate showed the closest relationship with the sequence of a slovenian human and a french murine isolate, respectively. the highe ... | 2017 | 27858312 |
| first identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 in diarrheic pigs in europe. | mammalian orthoreoviruses 3 (mrv3) have been described in diarrheic pigs from usa and asia. we firstly detected mrv3 in europe (italy) in piglets showing severe diarrhea associated with porcine epidemic diarrhea. the virus was phylogenetically related to european reoviruses of human and bat origin and to us and chinese pig mrv3. | 2016 | 27519739 |
| characterization and pathogenicity of a novel mammalian orthoreovirus from wild short-nosed fruit bats. | mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrvs) have a wide range of geographic distribution and have been isolated from humans and various animals. this study describes the isolation, molecular characterization and analysis of pathogenicity of mrv variant b/03 from wild short-nosed fruit bats. negative stain electron microscopy illustrated that the b/03 strain is a non-enveloped icosahedral virus with a diameter of 70nm. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) migration patterns s ... | 2016 | 27259366 |
| piscine orthoreovirus can infect and shed through the intestine in experimentally challenged atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | piscine orthoreovirus (prv) is a ubiquitous virus in norwegian salmon farms associated with the disease heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi). experimental challenge has shown that the virus replicates in circulating red blood cells of atlantic salmon prior to infecting heart myocytes. the infection route from water to blood is however still unknown. the related mammalian orthoreovirus primarily infects the lungs and gastrointestinal (gi) tract and is proposed to spread mainly through th ... | 2016 | 27216404 |
| detection of human enteric viruses in freshwater from european countries. | the transmission of water-borne pathogens typically occurs by a faecal-oral route, through inhalation of aerosols, or by direct or indirect contact with contaminated water. previous molecular-based studies have identified viral particles of zoonotic and human nature in surface waters. contaminated water can lead to human health issues, and the development of rapid methods for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms is a valuable tool for the prevention of their spread. the aims of this work w ... | 2016 | 27117764 |
| detection and characterization of a novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus in bats in europe. | a renewed interest in mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrvs) has emerged since new viruses related to bat mrv type 3, detected in europe, were identified in humans and pigs with gastroenteritis. this study reports the isolation and characterization of a novel reassortant mrv from the lesser horseshoe bat (rhinolophus hipposideros). the isolate, here designated batmrv1-it2011, was first identified by electron microscopy and confirmed using pcr and virus-neutralization tests. the full genome sequence wa ... | 2015 | 26569289 |
| isolation and identification of bat viruses closely related to human, porcine and mink orthoreoviruses. | bats have been identified as natural reservoirs of many viruses, including reoviruses. recent studies have demonstrated the interspecies transmission of bat reoviruses to humans. in this study, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of six strains of mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) from hipposideros and myotis spp. these isolates were grouped into mrv serotype 1, 2 or 3 based on the sequences of the s1 gene, which encodes the outer coat protein s1. importantly, we found that three ... | 2015 | 26475793 |
| isolation and pathogenicity of the mammalian orthoreovirus mpc/04 from masked civet cats. | mammalian reoviruses (mrvs) are associated with pulmonary infections and have been isolated from humans and various animals experiencing respiratory illness. we report here the first case of an mrv detected in the masked palm civet, which showed the highest similarity to the serotype 3 mrv. reovirus particles were identified by electron microscopic examination of both negative-stain and thin-section. genomic pattern analysis on sds-page showed that mpc/04 had 10-segmented double-strand rna genom ... | 2015 | 26325682 |
| downregulation of key regulatory proteins in androgen dependent prostate tumor cells by oncolytic reovirus. | as prostate tumor cell growth depends on hormones, androgen ablation is an effective therapy for prostate cancer (pca). however, progression of pca cells to androgen independent growth (castrate resistant prostate cancer, crpc) results in relapse and mortality. hypoxia, a microenvironment of low oxygen that modifies the activity of pca regulatory proteins including the androgen receptor (ar), plays a critical role in progression to crpc. therapies targeting hypoxia and the ar may lengthen the ti ... | 2015 | 26264969 |
| oncolytic viruses: from bench to bedside with a focus on safety. | oncolytic viruses are a relatively new class of anti-cancer immunotherapy agents. several viruses have undergone evaluation in clinical trials in the last decades, and the first agent is about to be approved to be used as a novel cancer therapy modality. in the current review, an overview is presented on recent (pre)clinical developments in the field of oncolytic viruses that have previously been or currently are being evaluated in clinical trials. special attention is given to possible safety i ... | 2015 | 25996182 |
| a novel pathogenic mammalian orthoreovirus from diarrheic pigs and swine blood meal in the united states. | since may 2013, outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea have devastated the u.s. swine industry, causing immense economic losses. two different swine enteric coronaviruses (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and delta coronavirus) have been isolated from the affected swine population. the disease has been reported from at least 32 states of the united states and other countries, including mexico, peru, dominican republic, canada, columbia, ecuador, and ukraine, with repeated outbreaks in previously ... | 2015 | 25991685 |
| a single amino acid substitution in the mrna capping enzyme λ2 of a mammalian orthoreovirus mutant increases interferon sensitivity. | in the last few years, the development of a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for mammalian reovirus has allowed the production and characterization of mutant viruses. this could be especially significant in the optimization of reovirus strains for virotherapeutic applications, either as gene vectors or oncolytic viruses. the genome of a mutant virus exhibiting increased sensitivity to interferon was completely sequenced and compared with its parental virus. viruses corresponding to either t ... | 2015 | 25985441 |
| isolation and identification of a natural reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus from least horseshoe bat in china. | mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrvs) have a wide geographic distribution and can infect virtually all mammals. infections in humans may be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. this study describes the isolation and identification of a natural reassortant mrv from least horseshoe bats (rhinolophus pusillu) in china, referred to as rpmrv-yn2012. | 2015 | 25781475 |
| reduction of virion-associated σ1 fibers on oncolytic reovirus variants promotes adaptation toward tumorigenic cells. | wild-type mammalian orthoreovirus serotype 3 dearing (t3wt) is nonpathogenic in humans but preferentially infects and kills cancer cells in culture and demonstrates promising antitumor activity in vivo. using forward genetics, we previously isolated two variants of reovirus, t3v1 and t3v2, with increased infectivity toward a panel of cancer cell lines and improved in vivo oncolysis in a murine melanoma model relative to that of t3wt. our current study explored how mutations in t3v1 and t3v2 prom ... | 2015 | 25653434 |
| piscine orthoreovirus (prv) ơ3 protein binds dsrna. | piscine orthoreovirus (prv) has a double-stranded, segmented rna genome and belongs to the family reoviridae. prv is associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi) in farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and cause intraerythrocytic inclusions. the virus is widespread in both wild and farmed salmonid fish in europe, north- and south america. in mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv), the outer capsid protein ơ3 has dsrna binding properties, which serve to inhibit the early innate immune ... | 2015 | 25596495 |
| amino acids substitutions in σ1 and μ1 outer capsid proteins of a vero cell-adapted mammalian orthoreovirus are required for optimal virus binding and disassembly. | in a recent study, the serotype 3 dearing strain of mammalian orthoreovirus was adapted to vero cells; cells that exhibit a limited ability to support the early steps of reovirus uncoating and are unable to produce interferon as an antiviral response upon infection. the vero cell-adapted virus (veroav) exhibits amino acids substitutions in both the σ1 and μ1 outer capsid proteins but no changes in the σ3 protein. accordingly, the virus was shown not to behave as a classical uncoating mutant. in ... | 2015 | 25445342 |
| genome sequence of the novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus strain mrv00304/13, isolated from a calf with diarrhea from the united states. | mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) strain mrv00304/13 was isolated from diarrheic calves. the serotype-specific antigen σ1 was found to be 95% identical to that of bovine mrv1. all predicted viral proteins had >92% identity to those of mrv except µ2 and σ1s (80 and 72% identities, respectively), suggesting that mrv00304/13 is a novel reassortant mrv1. | 2014 | 24874671 |
| mammalian orthoreovirus t3d infects u-118 mg cell spheroids independent of junction adhesion molecule-a. | in the canonical pathway, infection of cells by the wild-type mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 dearing (t3d) is dependent on the interaction of the viral spike protein σ1 with the high-affinity cellular receptor junction adhesion molecule-a (jam-a). we previously demonstrated that the human glioblastoma cell line u-118 mg does not express jam-a and resists reovirus t3d infection in standard cell culture conditions (sccc). heterologous jam-a expression sensitises u-118 mg cells to reovirus t3d. her ... | 2014 | 24739522 |
| hif-1α downregulation and apoptosis in hypoxic prostate tumor cells infected with oncolytic mammalian orthoreovirus. | hypoxia has emerged as one of the most important drivers of tumor aggression, metastasis, and poor clinical outcome in many cancers.in prostate cancer (pca), hypoxia has been strongly correlated to biochemical failure and local recurrence. however, current pca treatment options do not address hypoxic cells highlighting a critical gap in existing therapies and the need for development of therapies that target hypoxic prostate tumor cells. mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) is an oncolytic virus that t ... | 2014 | 24504474 |
| the mammalian orthoreovirus bicistronic m3 mrna initiates translation using a 5' end-dependent, scanning mechanism that does not require interaction of 5'-3' untranslated regions. | mammalian orthoreovirus mrnas possess short 5' utr, lack 3' poly(a) tails, and may lack 5' cap structures at late times post-infection. as such, the mechanisms by which these viral mrnas recruit ribosomes remain completely unknown. toward addressing this question, we used bicistronic mrv m3 mrna to analyze the role of 5' and 3' utrs during mrv protein synthesis. the 5' utr was found to be dispensable for translation initiation; however, reducing its length promoted increased downstream initiatio ... | 2014 | 24486484 |
| amino acids 78 and 79 of mammalian orthoreovirus protein µns are necessary for stress granule localization, core protein λ2 interaction, and de novo virus replication. | at early times in mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) infection, cytoplasmic inclusions termed stress granules (sgs) are formed as a component of the innate immune response, however, at later times they are no longer present despite continued immune signaling. to investigate the roles of mrv proteins in sg modulation we examined non-structural protein µns localization relative to sgs in infected and transfected cells. using a series of mutant plasmids, we mapped the necessary μns residues for sg local ... | 2014 | 24314644 |
| [isolation and identification of tupaia orthoreovirus]. | pathogenic viruses can harm acutely the life and health of laboratory tree shrews acutely; however, few papers exist regarding natural pathogenic virus infection in this species. six fecal samples obtained from dead tree shrews were collected. the fecal supernatant infected vero cell line resulted in cytopathic effects (cpe) after 72 h. the cpe included granulating, shrinking, rounding, seining and falling off. electron microscopy showed the isolation was spherical, double-layered capsid, and ab ... | 2013 | 23572361 |
| identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 in italian bats. | summary this study describes the isolation and molecular characterization of mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) in microbats. faecal samples and dead individuals available from rehabilitation centres or collected from known roost sites were virologically tested. in total, 112 carcasses of bats found dead, and 44 faecal samples were analysed. nineteen viral strains were isolated by in vitro cell culture from faecal and tissue samples of different bat species (pipistrellus khulii, tadarida teniotis, rh ... | 2013 | 22931153 |
| hygienic monitoring of mongolian gerbils: which mouse viruses should be included? | the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) serves as an animal model for a wide range of diseases. a practical limitation in its use is the definition of the hygienic status, as not much is known about viruses that potentially infect gerbils and might be transmitted to other rodents. as successful re-derivation was recently described for gerbils, we now aimed at investigating which mouse viruses induce seroconversion in gerbils and might be transmitted to mice. gerbils were inoculated with vir ... | 2012 | 22334874 |
| structure and function of s9 segment of grass carp reovirus anhui strain. | a highly virulent grass carp reovirus (gcrv) strain, named gcrv-ah528, was recently purified from a diseased grass carp with hemorrhage disease in anhui, china. gcrv-ah528 s9 segment was 1320 nucleotides in length and encoded a 418 amino acid vp6 protein. blast search showed that the vp6 protein owned a conserved domain belonging to the reoviral σ2 family. phylogenetic analysis of vp6 presented that gcrv-ah528 belonged to gcrv genotype ii, which was more closely related to orthoreovirus than gcr ... | 2017 | 28466052 |
| the reovirus μ1 340-343 loop controls entry related conformational changes. | reovirus particles are covered with 200 μ1/σ3 heterohexamers. following attachment to cell surface receptors, reovirus is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis. within the endosome, particles undergo a series of step-wise disassembly events. first, the σ3 protector protein is degraded by cellular proteases to generate infectious subviral particles (isvps). second, the μ1 protein rearranges into a protease sensitive conformation to generate isvp*s and releases two virally encoded peptides ... | 2017 | 28794028 |
| mammalian orthoreovirus factories modulate stress granule protein localization by interaction with g3bp1. | mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) infection induces phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eif2α which promotes formation of discrete cytoplasmic inclusions, termed stress granules (sgs). sgs are emerging as a component of the innate immune response to virus infection, and modulation of sg assembly is a common mechanism employed by viruses to counter this antiviral response. we previously showed that mrv infection induces sgs early, then interferes with sg formation as infection proceeds. ... | 2017 | 28794026 |
| reverse genetics for mammalian orthoreovirus. | reverse genetics allows introduction of specific alterations into a viral genome. studies performed with mutant viruses generated using reverse genetics approaches have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of viral replication and pathogenesis, and also have led to development of novel vaccines and virus-based vectors. here, we describe the reverse genetics system that allows for production and recovery of mammalian orthoreovirus, a double-stranded (ds) rna virus, from plasmids that enc ... | 2017 | 28508210 |
| isolation and identification of two new strains of mammalian orthoreovirus from chinese tree shrews. | chinese tree shrews have been used extensively in studies of different types of cancer and for the modeling of viral infections. in the present study, we report the isolation and characterization of two strains of mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv), mrv1/ts/2011 and mrv3/ts/2012, which were isolated from the feces of tree shrews in yunnan, china. these two strains of mrv were isolated and cultured in both primary tree shrew intestinal epithelial cells (ptiecs) and primary tree shrew alveolar epitheli ... | 2020 | 32335768 |
| molecular characterization of a novel reassortment mammalian orthoreovirus type 2 isolated from a florida white-tailed deer fawn. | mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) is the type species of the genus orthoreovirus and causes a range of significant respiratory, nervous or enteric diseases in humans and animals. in 2016 a farmed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawn became ill, displaying clinical signs of lethargy, dehydration, and profuse foul-smelling diarrhea. a necropsy was performed after the three-week-old fawn died and various tissue samples were submitted to the university of florida's cervidae health research in ... | 2019 | 31228510 |
| prevalence and genomic characteristics of a novel reassortment mammalian orthoreovirus type 2 in diarrhea piglets in sichuan, china. | mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv), which can infect almost all mammals, is a zoonotic virus. in this study, six strains of type 2 mrv (mrv2) were isolated from 7 diarrhea piglets from a farm that had an outbreak of diarrhea in piglets in 2018, which tested negative for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov), and porcine group a rotavirus (rav). the mrv2 isolate infected neonatal piglets, in which it induced severe ... | 2020 | 32544614 |
| host range of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 widening to alpine chamois. | mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrv) type 3 have been recently identified in human and several animal hosts, highlighting the apparent lack of species barriers. here we report the identification and genetic characterization of mrvs strains in alpine chamois, one of the most abundant wild ungulate in the alps. serological survey was also performed by mrv neutralization test in chamois population during five consecutive years (2008-2012). three novel mrvs were isolated on cell culture from chamois lung ... | 2019 | 30827408 |
| isolation and characterization of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 from a fecal sample from a wild boar in japan. | mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrvs) have been identified in various mammalian species, including humans, bats, and pigs. however, isolation and complete genome sequences of mrvs from wild boars have not yet been reported. in this study, we isolated, sequenced, and analyzed an mrv from a free-living wild boar in japan using the porcine-sapelovirus-resistant cell line n1380. complete and empty virus particles were obtained from the n1380 cell culture supernatants, and complete genome sequences were o ... | 2021 | 33839921 |
| enteric viral infections among domesticated south american camelids: first detection of mammalian orthoreovirus in camelids. | enteric infections are a major cause of neonatal death in south american camelids (sacs). the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens among alpacas and llamas in canchis, cuzco, located in the southern peruvian highland. fecal samples were obtained from 80 neonatal alpacas and llamas and tested for coronavirus (cov), mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv), and rotavirus a (rva) by rt-pcr. of the 80 fecal samples analyzed, 76 (95%) were positive for at least one of the ... | 2021 | 34069466 |
| mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv) is widespread in wild ungulates of northern italy. | mammalian orthoreoviruses (mrvs) are emerging infectious agents that may affect wild animals. mrvs are usually associated with asymptomatic or mild respiratory and enteric infections. however, severe clinical manifestations have been occasionally reported in human and animal hosts. an insight into their circulation is essential to minimize the risk of diffusion to farmed animals and possibly to humans. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of likely zoonotic mrvs in wild ungulate ... | 2021 | 33546342 |
| intertypic reassortment of mammalian orthoreovirus identified in wastewater in japan. | mammalian orthoreovirus (mrv), a non-enveloped virus with a ten-segmented double-stranded rna genome, infects virtually all mammals, including humans. human infection with mrv seems to be common in early childhood, but is rarely symptomatic. despite the ubiquitous presence of mrv in mammals as well as in environmental waters, the molecular characterisation of the mrv genome remains to be fully elucidated. in this study, two novel strains, mrv-2 thk0325 and mrv-1 thk0617, were unintentionally iso ... | 2021 | 34131201 |