| prevalence, risk factor analysis, and follow-up of infections caused by three feline hemoplasma species in cats in switzerland. | recently, a third novel feline hemotropic mycoplasma sp. (aka hemoplasma), "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis," in a cat with hemolytic anemia has been described. this is the first study to investigate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors for all three feline hemoplasma infections in a sample of 713 healthy and ill swiss cats using newly designed quantitative real-time pcr assays. "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum" infection was detected in 7.0% and 8.7% and mycoplasma haem ... | 2006 | 16517884 |
| phylogenetic analysis of "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis" isolates from pet cats in the united kingdom, australia, and south africa, with analysis of risk factors for infection. | two hemotropic mycoplasmas have been recognized in cats, mycoplasma haemofelis and "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum." we recently described a third feline hemoplasma species, designated "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis," in a swiss cat with hemolytic anemia. this isolate induced anemia after experimental transmission to two specific-pathogen-free cats and analysis of the 16s rrna gene revealed its close relationship to rodent hemotropic mycoplasmas. the agent was recently shown to be prevale ... | 2006 | 17035497 |
| worldwide occurrence of feline hemoplasma infections in wild felid species. | while hemoplasma infections in domestic cats are well studied, almost no information is available on their occurrence in wild felids. the aims of the present study were to investigate wild felid species as possible reservoirs of feline hemoplasmas and the molecular characterization of the hemoplasma isolates. blood samples from the following 257 wild felids were analyzed: 35 iberian lynxes from spain, 36 eurasian lynxes from switzerland, 31 european wildcats from france, 45 lions from tanzania, ... | 2007 | 17301277 |
| real-time pcr investigation of potential vectors, reservoirs, and shedding patterns of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas. | three hemotropic mycoplasmas have been identified in pet cats: mycoplasma haemofelis, "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum," and "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis." the way in which these agents are transmitted is largely unknown. thus, this study aimed to investigate fleas, ticks, and rodents as well as saliva and feces from infected cats for the presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas, to gain insight into potential transmission routes for these agents. dna was extracted from arthropods and from rod ... | 2007 | 17468284 |
| [detection frequency of haemoplasma infections of the domestic cat in germany]. | we present epidemiological data on the frequency of infections with haemotrophic mycoplasma spp. (feline haemoplasmas) in domestic cats in germany. from november 2004 to october 2006 135 blood samples of anaemic patients and cats without clinical symptoms were examined with conventional and real-time pcr methods. in 15,6 % of the samples dna of one or more haemoplasma species could be detected. 8,9 % of the samples (12 cats) were infected with "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum, whereas 7,4 % ( ... | 2007 | 17555038 |
| the prevalence of three species of feline haemoplasmas in samples submitted to a diagnostics service as determined by three novel real-time duplex pcr assays. | three distinct species of feline haemoplasmas are recognised: mycoplasma haemofelis (mhf), candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum (cmhm) and candidatus mycoplasma turicensis (cmt). these species differ in pathogenicity as mhf and cmt can be associated with anaemia whereas cmhm usually results in few clinical signs. the purpose of this study was to develop quantitative real-time pcr assays for the detection of all three feline haemoplasma species combined with an endogenous internal control and to de ... | 2008 | 17689890 |
| prevalences of various hemoplasma species among cats in the united states with possible hemoplasmosis. | to determine prevalences of various hemoplasma species among cats in the united states with possible hemoplasmosis and identify risk factors for and clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with infection with each species. | 2008 | 18241101 |
| use of dried blood smears for detection of feline hemoplasmas using real-time polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the current study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time pcr) for feline hemoplasmas when applied to dna extracted from dried whole-blood smears in comparison to that for dna extracted from liquid whole blood. blood samples were collected into ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid tubes from 305 cats with possible or suspected hemoplasmosis, and dried blood smears from each sample were prepared. dna was extracted from blood ... | 2008 | 18776095 |
| the prevalence of bartonella, hemoplasma, and rickettsia felis infections in domestic cats and in cat fleas in ontario. | the prevalence of persistent bacteremic bartonella spp. and hemoplasma infections was determined in healthy pet cats in ontario. blood samples from healthy cats sent to a diagnostic laboratory for routine health assessment over the course of 1 y were tested for bartonella spp. using both polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and blood culture, and for the presence of hemoplasma by pcr. the overall prevalence of bartonella spp. by pcr and by culture combined was 4.3% (28/646) [3.7% (24/646) bartonella ... | 2008 | 19086373 |
| prevalence of feline haemoplasma infection in cats in southern bavaria, germany, and infection risk factor analysis. | in this prospective study performed from samples of 296 cats from southern bavaria, germany, a conventional pcr (polymerase chain reaction) assay for detection of mycoplasma haemofelis and "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum" and a real-time pcr for "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis" were used to test blood samples from ill cats with anaemia (n = 79), ill cats with a normal haematocrit (n = 98), and healthy cats (n = 119). the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of feline haemopla ... | 2010 | 20135909 |
| feline hemotropic mycoplasmas. | to describe the current understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis (feline infectious anemia). | 2010 | 20230435 |
| identification, characterization, and application of a recombinant antigen for the serological investigation of feline hemotropic mycoplasma infections. | in felids, three hemotropic mycoplasma species (hemoplasmas) have been described: mycoplasma haemofelis, "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum," and "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis." in particular, m. haemofelis may cause severe, potentially life-threatening hemolytic anemia. no routine serological assays for feline hemoplasma infections are available. thus, the goal of our project was to identify and characterize an m. haemofelis antigen (dnak) that subsequently could be applied as a recombinan ... | 2010 | 20876820 |
| detection of humoral response using a recombinant heat shock protein 70, dnak, of mycoplasma haemofelis in experimentally and naturally hemoplasma-infected cats. | hemoplasmas is the trivial name given to a group of erythrocyte-parasitizing bacteria of the genus mycoplasma. of the feline hemoplasmas, mycoplasma haemofelis is the most pathogenic, while "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum" and "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis" are less pathogenic. shotgun libraries of fragmented m. haemofelis genomic dna were constructed, and random colonies were selected for dna sequencing. in silico-translated amino acid sequences of putative open reading frames were comp ... | 2010 | 20926695 |
| feline hemotropic mycoplasmas. | three species of hemotropic mycoplasmas are known to infect cats worldwide, mycoplasma haemofelis, "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis" and "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum." these organisms were previously known as haemobartonella felis, but are now known to be mycoplasmas. assays based on polymerase chain reaction technology are the most sensitive and specific diagnostic tests available for these organisms. m haemofelis is the most pathogenic species, and causes hemolytic anemia in immunocomp ... | 2010 | 20933142 |
| detection of feline haemoplasma species in experimental infections by in-situ hybridisation. | the aim of this study was to use fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (fish) to search for the tissues and cell types important in survival and persistence of mycoplasma haemofelis, "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum" or "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis" in infected cats. a 16s rdna probe for each species was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissues sections collected from experimentally infected cats. tissues (n = 12) were collected, at necropsy, from ten cats which had been inf ... | 2010 | 21129480 |
| development of multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of feline hemotropic mycoplasma in blood and tissue specimens. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the detection of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas which simultaneously differentiates infections of mycoplasma haemofelis (mhf), candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum (cmhm) and candidatus mycoplasma turicensis (cmtc) in feline blood and spleen. these organisms are responsible for the cause of various pathogenicity of feline infectious anemia. these infections are difficult to be detected by microscopic examination, the most commonly used m ... | 2010 | 21329322 |
| chronic "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis" infection. | abstract: "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis" infects felids. the pathogenesis of "candidatus m. turicensis" chronic infection is poorly understood. the goals of the present study were to (1) induce reactivation of the infection in chronic carrier cats by attempted immunosuppression, (2) identify potential tissue sequestration using real-time taqman® pcr and (3) monitor the humoral immune response by dnak enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ten specified pathogen-free cats that had ostensi ... | 2011 | 21507220 |
| hemoplasmas in wild canids and felids in brazil. | hemotropic mycoplasmas, epicellular erythrocytic bacterial parasites lacking a cell wall, are the causative agents of infectious anemia in numerous mammalian species. the presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas in blood samples of neotropical and exotic wild canids and felids from brazilian zoos were recorded using molecular techniques. blood samples were collected from 146 brazilian wild felids, 19 exotic felids, 3 european wolves (canis lupus), and from 97 brazilian wild canids from zoos in the bra ... | 2011 | 22946419 |
| synanthropic rodents and their ectoparasites as carriers of a novel haemoplasma and vector-borne, zoonotic pathogens indoors. | despite their close association with human dwellings, the role of synanthropic rodents in the epidemiology of vector-borne infections is seldom studied. the aim of the present study was to compensate for this lack of information, by the molecular investigation of vector-borne bacteria in peridomestic rodents and their ectoparasites. | 2015 | 25589174 |
| arthropod-borne pathogens circulating in free-roaming domestic cats in a zoo environment in brazil. | recently, tick and flea-borne pathogens have been detected in wild carnivores maintained in captivity in brazilian zoos. since free-roaming cats are frequently found in brazilian zoos, they could act as reservoirs for arthropod-borne pathogens, which could be transmitted to endangered wild carnivores maintained in captivity in these institutions. on the other hand, stray cats in zoos may play a role as sentinels to pathogens that circulate among wild animals in captivity. the present work aimed ... | 2014 | 24889035 |
| prevalence study and risk factor analysis of selected bacterial, protozoal and viral, including vector-borne, pathogens in cats from cyprus. | feline infectious agent studies are lacking in cyprus. the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors for various feline infectious agents, including feline vector-borne pathogens (fvbp), in cats from cyprus. | 2017 | 28285597 |
| survey of infectious agents in the endangered darwin's fox (lycalopex fulvipes): high prevalence and diversity of hemotrophic mycoplasmas. | very little is known about the diseases affecting the darwin's fox (lycalopex fulvipes), which is considered to be one of the most endangered carnivores worldwide. blood samples of 30 foxes captured on chiloé island (chile) were tested with a battery of pcr assays targeting the following pathogens: ehrlichia/anaplasma sp., rickettsia sp., bartonella sp., coxiella burnetti, borrelia sp., mycoplasma sp., babesia sp., hepatozoon canis, hepatozoon felis, leishmania donovani complex, and filariae. an ... | 2013 | 24176254 |
| molecular detection and prevalence of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas in istanbul, turkey. | the aim of this study was to investigate mycoplasma spp. species in blood samples of the domestic cats from the province of istanbul, turkey. three hundred eighty four blood samples of client-owned cats were used for the identification of mycoplasma haemofelis (mhf), candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum (cmhm) and candidatus mycoplasma turicensis (cmt) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) assays. out of 384 blood samples, 74 (19.3%) were positive f ... | 2016 | 26751888 |
| protection from reinfection in "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis"-infected cats and characterization of the immune response. | "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis" (cmt) is a hemoplasma species of felids. recent evidence has shown that cats that overcome bacteremia may be protected from reinfection. the purposes of this study were to (1) re-inoculate ostensibly recovered cats, (2) evaluate the immune response and (3) assess cmt tissue loads. fifteen specified pathogen-free cats were subcutaneously inoculated with cmt: 10 cats (group a) had previously undergone bacteremia and recovered, and 5 naïve cats (group b) served as ... | 2012 | 23216686 |
| identification of a novel hemoplasma species from pigs in zhejiang province, china. | hemoplasmas belong to mycoplasmataceae (mollicutes: mycoplasmatales) and are able to infect a broad range of mammalian species. we investigated prevalence of hemotropic mycoplasma species in pig farms in the region of zhejiang by a pcr scheme using universal primers targeting 16s rrna and rnase p rna gene (rnpb). representative positive samples from different farms were selected for sequencing of 16s rrna and the 219bp rnpb gene fragments for phylogenetic analysis. sequencing analysis of pcr pro ... | 2017 | 28381682 |
| molecular detection of hemoplasma infection among cats from são luís island, maranhão, brazil. | hemoplasmas are bacteria that infect erythrocytes, attaching to the red blood cell. there is a need for more reports of hemoplasma infection prevalence and molecular characterization among cats in brazil since there are only few published reports. the present work aimed to detect and molecularly characterize the presence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in domestic cats with outdoor access from são luís, maranhão, brazil. twenty cats (10%) were positive for candidatus m. haemominutum, five (2.5%) for ... | 2012 | 24031865 |
| a comparison of real-time pcr and reverse line blot hybridization in detecting feline haemoplasmas of domestic cats and an analysis of risk factors associated with haemoplasma infections. | three species of feline haemoplasma are recognised: mycoplasma haemofelis (mhf), 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' (cmhm) and 'candidatus mycoplasma turicensis (cmt). this study compared a reverse line blot hybridization (rlb) assay for simultaneous detection of mhf, cmhm with three separate quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays used for diagnosis of mhf, cmhm and cmt. the rlb and qpcr assays were applied to dna extracted from blood samples collected from 154 cats fro ... | 2012 | 22748125 |
| prevalence and co-infection of haemotropic mycoplasmas in portuguese cats by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | the diagnosis of feline haemoplasmosis has improved over the years, with several techniques enabling a clear and specific diagnosis, and where polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is considered as the 'gold standard'. the aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of feline haemoplasmas in 320 cats from the north-central region of portugal by the use of real-time pcr, as well as to evaluate any associations between infection, clinical presentation and risk factors. the overall prevalence of infec ... | 2013 | 23482254 |
| a molecular study of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in cats in iran. | three feline hemoplasma species are recognized: mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum', and 'candidatus mycoplasma turicensis'. these species can cause anemia in cats and have a worldwide distribution. | 2014 | 24948469 |
| lack of cross-protection against mycoplasma haemofelis infection and signs of enhancement in "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis"-recovered cats. | "mycoplasma haemofelis" and "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis" are feline hemoplasmas that induce hemolytic anemia. protection from homologous re-challenge was recently demonstrated in cats recovered from primary infection. here, we determined if cats recovered from "cand. m. turicensis" infection were protected against infections with the more pathogenic m. haemofelis. ten specified pathogen-free cats were exposed to m. haemofelis. five of the ten cats had recovered from "cand. m. turicensis" b ... | 2015 | 26403079 |
| prevalence of feline haemoplasma in cats in denmark. | infections with the three feline haemotropic mycoplasmas mycoplasma haemofelis, candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum and candidatus mycoplasma turicensis cause feline infectious anemia. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of carriage of feline haemoplasma in danish cats in different age groups. the presence was detected by a conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay on blood samples as well as by real-time pcr (rt-pcr). | 2016 | 27832803 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of canine and feline hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in northern italy. | hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas), the agents of infectious anemia, have been reported in dogs and cats. little data are available on hemoplasma infections in italy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the species of hemoplasmas and their prevalence in dogs and cats of northern italy. | 2017 | 28285588 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the causative agent of hemoplasma infection in small indian mongoose (herpestes javanicus). | hemoplasmas are the trivial name for a group of erythrocyte-parasitizing bacteria of the genus mycoplasma. this study is the first report of hemoplasma infection in small indian mongoose (herpestes javanicus) based on molecular analysis of 16s rdna. whole blood samples were collected by sterile methods, from 14 live captured mongooses, in the south of iran. candidatus mycoplasma turicensis (cmt)-like hemoplasma was detected in blood samples from one animal tested. blast search and phylogenetic a ... | 2014 | 25097036 |
| survey of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum, haemotropic mycoplasmas and other arthropod-borne pathogens in cats from albania. | albania is a country on the western part of the balkan peninsula. the mediterranean climate is favourable for the stable development of many arthropod species, which are incriminated as vectors for various agents. recently, several papers have reported on epidemiological aspects of parasitic diseases including vector-borne disease agents of dogs with zoonotic characteristics in albania. however, data on the epidemiology of feline parasitic and bacterial agents in albania is scarce. | 2014 | 24517118 |