| animal influence on man-biting rates at a malarious site in palawan, philippines. | the effect of nearby animals on man-biting rates was tested under both outdoor and indoor conditions. under outdoor conditions, fewer mosquitoes were found biting man when a carabao was nearby than when none were close. when collecting indoors, the opposite results were obtained. therefore, placing a carabao near a house is disadvantageous. sporozoite rates of anopheles flavirostris were twice as high from man-biting collections as those caught from carabao. placing carabao around a village but ... | 1989 | 2505393 |
| gastrointestinal helminth parasites of philippine carabaos. (bubalus bubalis l.). | | 1966 | 5926346 |
| cephalic dichotomy in a carabao (bubalus bubalis) calf. | | 1967 | 6068479 |
| the tail veins of the philippine carabao (bubalus bubalis) and a safer method for venipuncture. | | 1981 | 6455936 |
| immunity provided by haemorrhagic septicaemia-subunit vaccine in ruminants. | a subunit vaccine against haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs), the principal killer disease in ruminants, especially cattle and carabao, in the philippines, has been developed. using capsules of pasteurella multocida group b as an active component of the vaccine, it gave solid protection against challenge with live organism in mice. an active calf protection test showed that in 24 hours, animals vaccinated with plain saline died after challenge compared to those given the subunit vaccine which survive ... | 1998 | 9554285 |
| a survey of bovine, bubaline and swine sarcocystosis in the philippines. | in a survey conducted from january to december, 1994, muscle tissues in 12 out of 22 slaughtered carabaos ages 8-17 years old and obtained from the food terminal inc, abbatoir in laguna showed numerous white and creamy elliptic-shaped soft bodied macrocysts in the throat muscles. microscopic examination of the throat and cardiac muscle tissues revealed the presence of fusiform-shaped microcysts. our observations are consistent with previous reports incriminating sarcocystis fusiformis as the mos ... | 1997 | 9656372 |
| components of the vectorial capacity of aedes poicilius for wuchereria bancrofti in sorsogon province, philippines. | components of vectorial capacity (biting density, survival, and host preferences) of a population of aedes (finlaya) poicilius, the principal vector of wuchereria bancrofti in the philippines, were studied in 1994-1995 in sorsogon province. aedes poicilius comprised 20.7% of 3243 mosquitoes of 24 species taken in 42 nights of human-biting collections, and 1.4% of 7586 mosquitoes of 27 species taken in 18 concurrent nights of carabao-trap collections. there were, on average, 16 bites by ae. poici ... | 1998 | 9797834 |
| immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the philippine carabao (bubalus bubalis). | the distribution and frequency of occurrence of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the philippine carabao (bubalus bubalis) were studied by immunohistochemistry. fourteen types of immunoreactive (ir) endocrine cells were revealed. among the cell types, only chromogranin, serotonin, and bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bpp) were present in the entire gut, while the others showed restricted distribution: somatostatin, gastrin, and cholecystokinin in the abomasum and small intestine; me ... | 1998 | 9972649 |
| seminal-type ribonuclease genes in ruminants, sequence conservation without protein expression? | bovine seminal ribonuclease (bs-rnase) is an interesting enzyme both for functional and structural reasons. the enzyme is the product of a gene duplication that occurred in an ancestral ruminant. it is possible to demonstrate the presence of seminal-type genes in all other investigated ruminant species, but they are not expressed and show features of pseudogenes. in this paper we report the determination of two pancreatic and one seminal-type ribonuclease gene sequences of swamp-type water buffa ... | 1999 | 10231579 |
| sarcocystis spp infection in philippine water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis). | in a survey of sarcocysts in muscle tissues obtained from 142 water buffaloes, 65% of the carcasses had sarcocysts. macroscopic and two forms of microscopic sarcocysts, the spindle-shaped or fusiform sarcocysts commonly occurring in the muscles of the esophagus, throat and limbs, and the globular to oval-shaped sarcocysts which were the dominant form in the diaphragm and cervical muscle tissues were noted. ultrastructural analysis of macroscopic and microscopic sarcocysts and their cyst wall rev ... | 2000 | 11414458 |
| immunohistochemical distribution of s-100 protein and subunits (s100-alpha and s100-beta) in the swamp-type water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) testis. | the distribution and localization of s-100 protein (s-100) and its subunits (s100-alpha and s100-beta) in the testis of swamp-type water buffalo were investigated using immunohistochemistry. s-100 was detected in the sertoli cells in the convoluted seminiferous tubules, modified sertoli cells lining the terminal segment of the seminiferous tubules and in the intratesticular excurrent ducts (straight tubules and rete testis). s100-beta showed the same distribution and localization with that of s- ... | 2003 | 12780530 |
| rabies in a native carabao. | | 1954 | 13183876 |
| analysis of mitochondrial d-loop region casts new light on domestic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) phylogeny. | the phylogeny of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) is still a matter of discussion, especially if the two types of domestic water buffalo (swamp and river) derived from different domestication events or if they are products of human selection. to obtain more insight, we analyzed the entire mitochondrial d-loop region of 80 water buffaloes of four different breeds, i.e., 19 swamp buffaloes (carabao) and 61 river buffaloes (murrah, jafarabadi, and mediterranean), sampled in brazil and italy. we de ... | 2004 | 14715223 |
| meiotic peculiarities in hybrid buffalo. | the two varieties of the water buffalo (bubalis bubalis var. bubalis and bubalis bubalis var. carabao) have 2n = 50 and 2n = 48 karyotypes, respectively. the f1 hybrids are thought to exhibit a karyotype of 2n = 49 and are known to be fertile. meiosis was studied in 10 hybrid water buffalo bulls. karyotypes of the bulls were prepared from leukocyte cultures and testicular biopsy samples in a routine manner and examined. phenotypically the bulls showed characteristics of the hybrid buffalo. five ... | 1995 | 16727649 |
| comparative moleculo-immunological analysis of swamp- and riverine-type water buffaloes responses. | this moleculo-epidemiological and immunological study through cytokine response assessment was done to know the dynamics of cytokines in the initiation, persistence and association to physiological changes of a particular pathogen in water buffaloes. this is important to understand the magnitude and behavior of disease progression. water buffalo blood samples gathered from different places in the philippines revealed a 9.4%, 27.6%, 10.3% and 4.4% prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), ... | 2009 | 19285880 |
| Profound population structure in the Philippine Bulbul Hypsipetes philippinus (Pycnonotidae, Aves) is not reflected in its Haemoproteus haemosporidian parasite. | In this study we used molecular markers to screen for the occurrence and prevalence of the three most common haemosporidian genera (Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon) in blood samples of the Philippine Bulbul (Hypsipetes philippinus), a thrush-size passerine bird endemic to the Philippine Archipelago. We then used molecular data to ask whether the phylogeographic patterns in this insular host-parasite system might follow similar evolutionary trajectories or not. We took advantage of a ... | 2012 | 22108671 |
| new hosts of simplicimonas similis and trichomitus batrachorum identified by 18s ribosomal rna gene sequences. | trichomonads are obligate anaerobes generally found in the digestive and genitourinary tract of domestic animals. in this study, four trichomonad isolates were obtained from carabao, dog, and pig hosts using rectal swab. genomic dna was extracted using chelex method and the 18s rrna gene was successfully amplified through novel sets of primers and undergone dna sequencing. aligned isolate sequences together with retrieved 18s rrna gene sequences of known trichomonads were utilized to generate ph ... | 2013 | 23936631 |
| high prevalence of schistosoma japonicum and fasciola gigantica in bovines from northern samar, the philippines. | the cause of zoonotic schistosomiasis in the philippines is schistosoma japonicum, which infects up to 46 mammalian hosts, including humans and bovines. in china, water buffaloes have been identified as major reservoir hosts for schistosomiasis japonica, contributing up to 75% of human transmission. in the philippines, water buffaloes (carabao; bubalus bubalis carabanesis) have, historically, been considered unimportant reservoirs. we therefore revisited the possible role of bovines in schistoso ... | 2015 | 25643317 |
| a novel procedure for precise quantification of schistosoma japonicum eggs in bovine feces. | schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonosis with a number of mammalian species acting as reservoir hosts, including water buffaloes which can contribute up to 75% to human transmission in the people's republic of china. determining prevalence and intensity of schistosoma japonicum in mammalian hosts is important for calculating transmission rates and determining environmental contamination. a new procedure, the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion (fea-sd) technique, for increased visualiza ... | 2012 | 23166847 |
| high prevalence of schistosoma japonicum infection in carabao from samar province, the philippines: implications for transmission and control. | schistosoma japonicum is endemic in the philippines, china and indonesia, and infects more than 40 mammalian host species, all of which can act as reservoirs of infection. in china, water buffaloes have been shown to be major reservoirs of human infection. however, in the philippines, carabao have not been considered important reservoir hosts for s. japonicum due to the low prevalence and infection intensities reported, the only exception being a qpcr-based study indicating 51% of carabao were s ... | 2012 | 23029571 |
| zika virus, vectors, reservoirs, amplifying hosts, and their potential to spread worldwide: what we know and what we should investigate urgently. | the widespread epidemic of zika virus infection in south and central america and the caribbean in 2015, along with the increased incidence of microcephaly in fetuses born to mothers infected with zika virus and the potential for worldwide spread, indicate the need to review the current literature regarding vectors, reservoirs, and amplification hosts. | 2016 | 27208633 |
| a review of domestic animal diseases within the pacific islands region. | the pacific island countries and territories (picts) are reported to be free of the most serious infectious livestock diseases which are prevalent in other parts of the globe, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza, foot and mouth disease or rabies. yet there is a lack of scientifically based evidence to confirm this animal health status. this paper reviews what has been published on diseases of domestic animals in the pacific islands region with a particular focus on data from the last 20 ye ... | 2014 | 24388793 |
| high genetic diversity and distribution of bubu-dqa alleles in swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis carabanesis): identification of new bubu-dqa loci and haplotypes. | in this study, genetic diversity analysis of mhc class ii-dqa locus helped in identification of 25 new bubu-dqa nucleotide sequences in swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis carabanesis, bubu). phylogenetic analysis revealed the distribution of the buffalo dqa sequences in two major clusters of dqa1 and dqa2 genes, sharing common lineages with corresponding cattle alleles, possibly due to trans-species evolution. however, a highly divergent sequence, bubu-dqa*2501, homologous to cattle (bola) dqa3 al ... | 2016 | 27177904 |
| profile and artificial insemination practices of technicians and the artificial insemination success rates in leyte, samar, and biliran, philippines (2011-2015). | artificial insemination (ai) is a reproductive biotechnology that may be influenced by several factors, including the profile of the technicians and the practices used. assessing technician's profile and their ai practices can be significant in improving ai success rate. | 2017 | 28344401 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats raised in baybay city, leyte, philippines. | gastrointestinal parasitism is a serious constraint affecting goat production in the philippines. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal nematode infection in goat-populated barangays of baybay city, leyte. | 2016 | 27536034 |
| metabolic discrimination of mango juice from various cultivars by band-selective nmr spectroscopy. | nmr-based metabolic analysis of foods has been widely applied in food science. in this study, we performed discrimination of five different mango cultivars, awin, carabao, keitt, kent, and nam dok mai, using metabolic analysis with band-selective excitation nmr spectra. a combination of unsupervised principal component analysis (pca) with low-field region (1)h nmr spectra obtained by band-selective excitation provided a good discriminant model of the five mango cultivars. using f(2)-selective 2d ... | 2012 | 22242555 |
| carabao rash. | | 1970 | 5528913 |
| dystocia in a carabao. | | 1956 | 13278277 |
| biological assay for thiamin of the carabao variety of philippine mango (mangifera indica l.). | | 1947 | 20255766 |
| molecular characterization and comparison of phospholipase c zeta (plcz1) gene between swamp (bubalus carabanensis) and riverine (bubalus bubalis) buffaloes: its implications and future perspectives. | phospholipase c zeta, a novel sperm-specific protein which is widely known to induce oocyte activation following fertilization, had already been characterized in various mammalian species, but not in water buffaloes thus far. the present study was conducted to initially characterize and compare the sequences of plcz1 gene of swamp and riverine buffaloes. semen samples were collected; total rna was extracted and reverse-transcribed. plcz1 cdna was then amplified, and submitted for sequencing. buf ... | 2017 | 28799828 |
| quantitation of minor components in mango juice with band-selective excitation nmr spectroscopy. | 1h nmr-based metabolic analysis of foods has been widely applied. however, dynamic range problems frequently impede its application because foodstuffs are composed of various organic compounds in a wide range of concentrations. band-selective excitation 1h nmr spectroscopy has been found to be a useful tool for observing the minor components in foods. because quantitative information is important for metabolic analysis of foods and complete metabolome data, quantitation with the band-selective e ... | 2017 | 28974096 |
| investigation of mosquitoes with emphasis on aedes (finlaya) poicilius, putative vectorof bancroftian filariasis on panay island, the philippines. | entomological investigations were conducted in four remaining lymphaticfilariasis endemic provinces of panay island, the philippines to determinemosquito species present in these areas and to identify host preference and bitingactivity of aedes (finlaya) poicilius theobald, primary vector of nocturnal periodicwuchereria bancrofti in the philippines. sampling techniques targeted nocturnallyactive mosquito species using a carabao-baited trap (cbt) and human-landingcollection (hlc), the latter taki ... | 2016 | 29620345 |
| genetic diversity of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in swamp buffalo. | the swamp buffalo (bubalus carabanensis) is mainly bred for meat, transport and rice cultivation in china and southeast asian countries. in the current study, we investigated the genetic diversity, maternal origin and phylogenetic relationship of swamp buffalo by analyzing 1,786 mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) sequences from china, vietnam, laos, thailand, india and bangladesh. our results indicated that the swamp buffalo can be divided into two major lineages (sa and sb with the sublineages) ... | 2020 | 32910515 |
| multiple domestication of swamp buffalo in china and south east asia. | the domestication of swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis carabanesis) has been discussed for years and still remained unclear. to obtain a better understanding of where, when and how the swamp buffaloes were domesticated, the complete mitochondrial dna d-loop sequences of 1,788 individuals from china, vietnam, laos, thailand, burma, bangladesh and india were investigated. our results revealed swamp buffalo with abundant genetic diversity. the lineage sa of swamp buffalo may be first domesticated in l ... | 2020 | 31588618 |
| comparative molecular characterization of forkhead box protein 3 (foxp3) gene of swamp-type (bubalus carabanensis) and riverine-type (bubalus bubalis) water buffaloes. | foxp3 is a forkhead family member that plays an important role in the development and function of a type of cd4 + t cell called t regulatory cells. molecular characterization of foxp3 gene in swamp- and riverine-type water buffaloes was conducted to determine its homology and compare it to the foxp3 gene of other animal species (cattle, goat, sheep, horse, pig, cat, and dog), determine its unique characteristics in water buffaloes, and provide a reference for future studies to analyze its immuno ... | 2019 | 31174683 |
| prevalence, risk factors, and spatial distribution of fasciola in carabao and intermediate host in baybay, leyte, philippines. | fasciolosis remains an important parasitic disease of ruminants in southeast asia. we investigated the prevalence and spatial distribution of fasciola spp. in carabao (bubalus bubalis) and snail intermediate hosts (ihs) in baybay, leyte, philippines. using one-stage cluster sampling, we examined 335 fecal samples of carabaos from 138 herds for fasciola spp. eggs, and in parallel collected ih snail data in the area. risk factor analyses were performed and gis maps were created for fasciola spp. p ... | 2019 | 30929938 |
| 3-d microstructural changes in relation to the evolution of quality during ripening of mango (mangifera indica l. cv. carabao). | the ripening of mango involves changes in texture, flavor, and color, affecting the quality of the fruit. previous studies have investigated the physiology on the evolution of quality during ripening but only a few have looked at microstructural changes during ripening. none of them has provided an insight into the relationhip between 3-d microstructure and the evolution of quality during ripening. as the 3-d microstructure of fruit tissue determines its mechanical and gas-transport properties, ... | 2020 | 32520412 |
| physicochemical and sensory properties of carabeef treated with bacillus subtilis (ehrenberg) cohn protease as meat tenderizer. | this study investigated the use of bacillus subtilis protease powder (ctc e-ssentials™ mt-70n) as a carabeef tenderizer. the effect of the bacterial protease on the characteristics of carabeef was determined, and its effectiveness was compared to a commercial meat tenderizer containing papain. only b. subtilis protease showed significant enzyme activity (80-190 u/g), while the commercial meat tenderizer had no activity (0 u/g). results from the shear force device revealed that 0.35% b. subtilis ... | 2020 | 31975734 |
| extraction of bioactive compounds from mango (mangifera indica l. var. carabao) seed kernel with ethanol-water binary solvent systems. | mango seed kernel, a by-product of the processing industry, can be valorized as a potential source of bioactive compounds. binary mixtures of ethanol and water, used in solid-liquid extraction (sle), have drawn interest as an effective means of recovering phytochemicals from plant materials because these solvents can be used in food applications and their synergistic effect makes them a superior solvent over their pure counterparts. total phenolic content (tpc) and hplc chromatograms of each eth ... | 2019 | 31168135 |
| knowledge, attitudes and practices related to schistosomiasis transmission and control in leyte, philippines. | schistosomiasis is a chronic but preventable disease that affects 260 million people worldwide. in the philippines, 860,000 people are afflicted with schistosoma japonicum annually, and another 6.7 million live in endemic areas. the disease's complex epidemiology as well as the influence of poverty in endemic areas demand an integrated, multi-sectoral approach to disease control. results from behavioral or sociocultural studies on schistosomiasis could improve the content and impact of schistoso ... | 2019 | 31048882 |