| efficacy and nontarget effects of larvadex as a feed additive for controlling house flies in caged-layer poultry manure. | the insect growth regulator n-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6 triamine (larvadex, cga 72662, cyromazine) was provided as a feed additive (.3% premix per ton of feed) to caged laying hens under field conditions in high rise, wide span and narrow poultry houses. the chemical effectively controlled house flies (musca domestica) and soldier flies (hermetia illucens). the feed additive had no adverse effect on the populations of manure-inhabiting mites (macrochelidae and uropodidae) and histerid bee ... | 1983 | 6669503 |
| human furuncular myiasis caused by hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae). | cutaneous myiasis caused by hermetia illucens (l.) has not been reported previously. we present a case of facultative furuncular myiasis characterized by infestation with a single larva in a woman from seattle, wa, who had traveled to east africa. | 1995 | 7473633 |
| the black soldier fly hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae) as a potential measure of human postmortem interval: observations and case histories. | the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.), has been shown to be a ubiquitous inhabitant of both surface and buried human remains throughout the southern, central and western united states and hawaii. unlike most other species of forensically important diptera, this species frequently dominates bodies in the dry/post decay stage of decomposition. adults of the black soldier fly appear to initiate oviposition (egg laying) 20 to 30 days postmortem. even at warm temperatures (27.8 degrees c), su ... | 1994 | 8113702 |
| a case of human enteric myiasis due to larvae of hermetia illucens (family: stratiomyiadae): first report in malaysia. | a case of true enteric myiasis in a 7-year-old girl is reported. two larvae were obtained from the vomitus of the patient. after processing and identification, the larvae were found to be those of hermetia illucens (soldier fly). this is the first case of true enteric myiasis due to these larvae in malaysia. | 1995 | 8935136 |
| estimation of postmortem interval based on colony development time for anoplolepsis longipes (hymenoptera: formicidae). | the postmortem interval for a set of human remains discovered inside a metal tool box was estimated using the development time required for a stratiomyid fly (diptera: stratiomyidae), hermetia illucens, in combination with the time required to establish a colony of the ant anoplolepsis longipes (hymenoptera: formicidae) capable of producing alate (winged) reproductives. this analysis resulted in a postmortem interval estimate of 14 + months, with a period of 14-18 months being the most probable ... | 1997 | 9397565 |
| interrelationship of water and hermetia illucens breeding to musca domestica production in human excrement. | | 1959 | 14409076 |
| reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in chicken manure by larvae of the black soldier fly. | green fluorescent protein-labeled escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were inoculated at 10(7) cfu/g into cow, hog, or chicken manure. ten- or 11-day-old soldier fly larvae (hermetia illucens l.) (7 to 10 g) were added to the manure and held at 23, 27, or 32 degrees c for 3 to 6 days. soldier fly larvae accelerated inactivation of e. coli o157:h7 in chicken manure but had no effect in cow manure and enhanced survival in hog manure. the initial ph values of the ho ... | 2004 | 15083719 |
| [forensic entomology and globalisation]. | the main aim of forensic entomology has always been, and is today, to establish the time of death (p.m.i.: postmortem period) or, more exactly, how long a carrion has been exposed in the environment. most of the invertebrate fauna occurring on corpses consists of insects (mostly diptera and coleoptera). they are selectively attracted by the decomposing status of the carrion, and form complex communities or biocenosis within necrophagous or sarcophagous species and their predators, parasites and ... | 2004 | 15305714 |
| black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae) colonization of pig carrion in south georgia. | the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.), is thought to colonize corpses 20-30 days postmortem. however, recent observations indicate this might not be true for all cases. therefore, we conducted a study examining colonization by the black soldier fly and other diptera on pig carrion in a plowed field in southern georgia from 20 september through 21 february. our data indicate black soldier flies could colonize a corpse within the first week after death. knowing this information could preve ... | 2005 | 15831010 |
| a preliminary study of insect succession on a pig carcass in a palm oil plantation in malaysia. | this preliminary study was carried out in a palm oil plantation in tanjung sepat, selangor in 17 may 2007 by using pig (sus scrofa) as a carcass model in forensic entomological research. a 3 month old pig (8.5 kg) that died of pneumonio was placed in the field to observe the decomposition stages and the fauna succession of forensically important flies. observation was made for two weeks; two visits per day and all climatological data were recorded. the first visitor to the pig carcass was a musc ... | 2007 | 18209704 |
| development of black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae) larvae fed dairy manure. | black soldier flies, hermetia illucens l., are a common colonizer of animal wastes. however, all published development data for this species are from studies using artificial diets. this study represents the first examining black soldier fly development on animal wastes. additionally, this study examined the ability of black soldier fly larvae to reduce dry matter and associated nutrients in manure. black soldier fly larvae were fed four rates of dairy manure to determine their effects on larval ... | 2008 | 18348791 |
| study of insect succession and rate of decomposition on a partially burned pig carcass in an oil palm plantation in malaysia. | insects found associated with corpse can be used as one of the indicators in estimating postmortem interval (pmi). the objective of this study was to compare the stages of decomposition and faunal succession between a partially burnt pig (sus scrofa linnaeus) and natural pig (as control). the burning simulated a real crime whereby the victim was burnt by murderer. two young pigs weighed approximately 10 kg were used in this study. both pigs died from pneumonia and immediately placed in an oil pa ... | 2008 | 19287358 |
| conversion of organic material by black soldier fly larvae: establishing optimal feeding rates. | larvae of the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae), are voracious feeders of organic material and may thus be used in simple engineered systems to reduce organic waste in low- and middle-income countries. controlled feeding experiments with standard fodder were conducted to assess the optimum amount of organic waste to be added to a cors system (conversion of organic refuse by saprophages). a daily feeding rate of 100 mg chicken feed (60% moisture content) per larva resu ... | 2009 | 19502252 |
| diptera of forensic importance in the iberian peninsula: larval identification key. | a revision of the species and families of sarcosaprophagous flies (diptera: calliphoridae, sarcophagidae, muscidae, fanniidae, drosophilidae, phoridae, piophilidae and stratiomyidae) suitable for forensic purposes in the iberian peninsula is presented. morphological characteristics that allow the accurate identification of third instars of the species present in the iberian peninsula are described and presented in the form of a diagnostic key. for larval calliphoridae, characteristics such as th ... | 2010 | 20557457 |
| first record of hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae) on human corpses in iberian peninsula. | this article presents the first record of hermetia illucens larvae on a human corpse in spain (the second case report in europe). prepupae of h. illucens, and other insects, were recovered from the dead body of a 72-year-old man in an advanced stage of decomposition. the body was located in reus (ne spain), in october 1998. this article provides additional biological data on experimental studies and an update on the geographic distribution of this species in the iberian peninsula. | 2010 | 21145189 |
| insects found on a human cadaver in central italy including the blowfly calliphora loewi (diptera, calliphoridae), a new species of forensic interest. | in the case of unidentified bodies the estimation of the period since death or of the season of death plays an important role to focus the attention on a reduced number of people among the ones reported missing. forensic entomology can be one of the most important methods for these estimations, as occurred in this case. flies are typically the first insects to colonize a dead body. the case reported here concerns the colonisation by insects of a male body in advanced decay found during the winte ... | 2011 | 21282022 |
| bioconversion of dairy manure by black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae) for biodiesel and sugar production. | modern dairies cause the accumulation of considerable quantity of dairy manure which is a potential hazard to the environment. dairy manure can also act as a principal larval resource for many insects such as the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens. the black soldier fly larvae (bsfl) are considered as a new biotechnology to convert dairy manure into biodiesel and sugar. bsfl are a common colonizer of large variety of decomposing organic material in temperate and tropical areas. adults do not n ... | 2011 | 21367596 |
| inoculating poultry manure with companion bacteria influences growth and development of black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae) larvae. | the growth and development of black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.), larvae fed chicken manure inoculated with bacteria isolated from black soldier fly larvae and associated larval feed was evaluated. four strains of bacillus subtilis were evaluated. b. subtilis strains s15, s16, s19, were isolated from the gut of black soldier fly larvae. b. natto strain d1 was isolated from the diet fed to black soldier fly larvae. these bacteria were added individually into nonsterile 200 g fresh hen man ... | 2011 | 22182608 |
| bacteria mediate oviposition by the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.), (diptera: stratiomyidae). | there can be substantial negative consequences for insects colonizing a resource in the presence of competitors. we hypothesized that bacteria, associated with an oviposition resource and the insect eggs deposited on that resource, serve as a mechanism regulating subsequent insect attraction, colonization, and potentially succession of insect species. we isolated and identified bacterial species associated with insects associated with vertebrate carrion and used these bacteria to measure their i ... | 0 | 23995019 |
| faecal sludge management with the larvae of the black soldier fly (hermetia illucens)--from a hygiene aspect. | inadequate and lacking sanitation and wastewater treatment systems can lead to the spreading of diarrhoeal diseases. one contributing factor in the lack of such treatment systems is the lack of economic incentives for stakeholders throughout the service chain. however, the organic fraction of the waste is high in valuable plant nutrients and could be reused in agriculture and as animal feed. for example, grown larvae of the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens l. (diptera: stratiomyidae), make a ... | 2013 | 23669577 |
| microbiology of processed edible insect products - results of a preliminary survey. | little is known of the microbiology of processed insect products. the present survey analysed a total of n=38 samples of deep-fried and spiced (acheta domesticus, locusta migratoria, and omphisa fuscidentalis), cooked in soy sauce ("tsukudani"; oxya yezoensis, vespula flaviceps, and bombyx mori), dried (a. domesticus, l. migatoria, alphitobius diaperinus, tenebrio molitor, b. mori, hermetia illucens, and musca domestica), powdered (h. illucens, t. molitor) and other (incl. deep-frozen b. mori an ... | 2017 | 27903420 |
| screening, expression, purification and functional characterization of novel antimicrobial peptide genes from hermetia illucens (l.). | antimicrobial peptides from a wide spectrum of insects possess potent microbicidal properties against microbial-related diseases. in this study, seven new gene fragments of three types of antimicrobial peptides were obtained from hermetia illucens (l), and were named cecropinz1, sarcotoxin1, sarcotoxin (2a), sarcotoxin (2b), sarcotoxin3, stomoxynzh1, and stomoxynzh1(a). among these genes, a 189-basepair gene (stomoxynzh1) was cloned into the pet32a expression vector and expressed in the escheric ... | 2017 | 28056070 |
| characterization of the molecular features and expression patterns of two serine proteases in hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae) larvae. | to investigate the molecular scavenging capabilities of the larvae of hermetia illucens, two serine proteases (sps) were cloned and characterized. multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic tree analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of hi-sp1 and hi-sp2 were suggested that hi-sp1 may be a chymotrypsin- and hi-sp2 may be a trypsin-like protease. hi-sp1 and hi-sp2 3-d homology models revealed that a catalytic triad, three disulfide bonds, and a substrate-binding pocket were highly conser ... | 2011 | 21699751 |
| purification and characterization of a novel antibacterial peptide from black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) larvae. | in this study, we induced and purified a novel antimicrobial peptide exhibiting activity against gram-positive bacteria from the immunized hemolymph of hermetia illucens larvae. the immunized hemolymph was extracted, and the novel defensin-like peptide 4 (dlp4) was purified using solid-phase extraction and reverse-phase chromatography. the purified dlp4 demonstrated a molecular weight of 4267 da, as determined using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (maldi-tof) metho ... | 2015 | 25956195 |
| wohlfahrtiimonas larvae sp. nov., isolated from the larval gut of hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae). | a novel, gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile and short rod-shaped bacterium, strain kbl006(t) was isolated from the larval gut of hermetia illucens, black soldier fly. the 16s rrna gene sequence of strain kbl006(t) showed 96.4 % similarity to that of wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica s5(t). strain kbl006(t) grew optimally at 30 °c, at ph 8.0 and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) nacl. oxidase activity and catalase activity were positive. the major fatty acids were c18:1 ω7c, c14:0, and c16: ... | 2014 | 24126466 |
| nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for three edible insects: tenebrio molitor, alphitobius diaperinus, and hermetia illucens. | insects are considered a nutritionally valuable source of alternative proteins, and their efficient protein extraction is a prerequisite for large-scale use. the protein content is usually calculated from total nitrogen using the nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (kp) of 6.25. this factor overestimates the protein content, due to the presence of nonprotein nitrogen in insects. in this paper, a specific kp of 4.76 ± 0.09 was calculated for larvae from tenebrio molitor, alphitobius diaperinus, ... | 2017 | 28252948 |
| supplementation of an artificial medium for the parasitoid exorista larvarum (diptera: tachnidae) with hemolymph of hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae) or antheraea pernyi (lepidoptera: saturniidae). | the effect of supplementing hemolymph of the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.), or the chinese oak silkworm, antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville), to a basic insect-free artificial medium for the tachinid exorista larvarum (l.) was investigated. the supplementation (20% w/w) was based on the assumption that insect additives may optimize the media for this parasitoid. egg hatch, pupal and adult yields, and sex ratio did not differ among the enriched and basic media. preimaginal development ... | 2016 | 26921223 |
| light microscopy with differential staining techniques for the characterisation and discrimination of insects versus marine arthropods processed animal proteins. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of light microscopy with differential staining techniques for the discrimination of insect material from marine arthropods - classified as fishmeal. specifically, three samples of single-species insect material, hermetia illucens (hi), bombyx mori (bm) and tenebrio molitor (tm), and two samples of marine arthropods, shrimp material and krill, were analysed and compared after staining by two reagents to enhance fragment identification. alizarin red (a ... | 2017 | 28105887 |
| substrate effects on pupation and adult emergence of hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae). | black soldier flies, hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae), are of particular interest for their applications in waste management. feeding on decaying organic waste, black soldier flies successfully reduce manure in confined animal feeding operations of poultry, swine, and cattle. to optimize waste conversion in confined animal feeding operations and landfill facilities, it is imperative to optimize black soldier fly development. unfortunately, black soldier flies only convert waste du ... | 2013 | 23575028 |
| syritta pipiens (diptera: syrphidae), a new species associated with human cadavers. | the analyses of necrophagous insects feeding on a corpse can be successfully used to estimate the minimum time since death. a minimum time frame is sometimes an underestimate, but it is actually the only method that can provide such information when decomposed remains are found at a crime scene. many insects are known to be colonisers of a corpse, but because there is an endless spectrum of crime scene environments, the development data bases for necrophagous insects is incomplete. the two cases ... | 2013 | 23806343 |
| review of forensically important entomological specimens collected from human cadavers in malaysia (2005-2010). | forensic entomological specimens collected from human decedents during crime scene investigations in malaysia in the past 6 years (2005-2010) are reviewed. a total of 80 cases were recorded and 93 specimens were collected. from these specimens, 10 species of cyclorrphagic flies were identified, consisting of chrysomya rufifacies (macquart) -38 specimens (40.86%), chrysomya megacephala (fabricius) -36 specimens (38.70%), chrysomya villeneuvi (patton) -2 specimens (2.15%), chrysomya nigripes (aube ... | 2013 | 23756518 |
| black soldier fly as dietary protein source for broiler quails: apparent digestibility, excreta microbial load, feed choice, performance, carcass and meat traits. | in order to expand with validated scientific data the limited knowledge regarding the potential application of insects as innovative feed ingredients for poultry, the present study tested a partial substitution of soya bean meal and soya bean oil with defatted black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) larvae meal (h) in the diet for growing broiler quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) on growth performance, mortality, nutrients apparent digestibility, microbiological composition of excreta, feed choi ... | 2016 | 27339654 |
| cellulose decomposition and larval biomass production from the co-digestion of dairy manure and chicken manure by mini-livestock (hermetia illucens l.). | world trends toward the modern dairies intensification on large production units cause massive animal manure production and accumulation. improper handling of manure produced by industrial farm operation greatly deteriorates the major environmental media including air, water and soil. the black soldier fly utilizes organic waste and converts it into larvae biomass to be used as livestock feed and into residues to be used as bio-fertilizer. however, due to the high ratio of cellulose, hemicellulo ... | 2017 | 28342340 |
| survival and development of hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae): a biodegradation agent of organic waste. | the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae), was reared on artificial diet (wheat bran and chicken feed) in the laboratory at 28ºc (immature stages) and under a greenhouse set at 28ºc (adults). data were collected and analyzed based on an age-stage, two-sex life table. the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproduction rate (r0), and mean generation time (t) were 0.0759 (d(-1)), 1.0759 (d(-1)), 68.225 offspring, and 55.635 d, respectively. ... | 2016 | 27986944 |
| nutritional composition of black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on different organic waste substrates. | black soldier fly larvae are converters of organic waste into edible biomass, of which the composition may depend on the substrate. in this study, larvae were grown on four substrates: chicken feed, vegetable waste, biogas digestate, and restaurant waste. samples of prepupae and substrates were freeze-dried and proximate, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral analyses were performed. | 2016 | 27734508 |
| developmental and waste reduction plasticity of three black soldier fly strains (diptera: stratiomyidae) raised on different livestock manures. | black soldier flies, hermetia illucens l., are distributed throughout the temperate and tropic regions of the world and are known an established method for sustainably managing animal wastes. colonies used to conduct research on the black soldier fly within the past 20 yr have predominately been established from eggs or larvae received from a colony originated from bacon county, ga. consequently, little is known about the phenotypic plasticity (i.e., development and waste conversion) across stra ... | 2013 | 24843926 |
| growth rates of black soldier fly larvae fed on fresh human faeces and their implication for improving sanitation. | to determine the capacity of black soldier fly larvae (bsfl) (hermetia illucens) to convert fresh human faeces into larval biomass under different feeding regimes, and to determine how effective bsfl are as a means of human faecal waste management. | 2014 | 24261901 |
| scuttle flies (diptera: phoridae) inhabiting rabbit carcasses confined to plastic waste bins in malaysia include new records and an undescribed species. | scuttle flies (diptera: phoridae) are small-sized insects of forensic importance. they are well known for diversified species and habitats, but in the context of forensic entomology, scuttle flies' inhabitance of corpses remains inadequately explored. with recent reports indicating the existence of more scuttle fly species possibly inhabiting these environments, a decomposition study using animal carcasses in enclosed environments was conducted. the aim was to record the occurrence of scuttle fl ... | 2017 | 28228921 |
| paenalcaligenes hermetiae sp. nov., isolated from the larval gut of hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae), and emended description of the genus paenalcaligenes. | a novel gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and short rod-shaped bacterium, strain kbl009(t), was isolated from the larval gut of hermetia illucens. strain kbl009(t) grew optimally at 37 °c, at ph 6.0 and with 1-2 % (w/v) nacl. the 16s rrna gene sequence of strain kbl009(t) showed 97.6 % similarity to that of paenalcaligenes hominis ccug 53761a(t) indicating its classification with the genus paenalcaligenes. the major fatty acids were cyclo-c17 : 0, c16 : 0 and summed featur ... | 2013 | 23811136 |
| growth performance, blood profiles and carcass traits of barbary partridge (alectoris barbara) fed two different insect larvae meals (tenebrio molitor and hermetia illucens). | to investigate the effect of two insect meals (from hermetia illucens, hi and tenebrio molitor, tm larvae) on productive performance and blood profiles of barbary partridge, ninety, seven days old partridges were divided into 5 groups (6 replicates, 3 partridges/replicate). up to 64d, the groups fed 5 isoproteic and isoenergetic diets: the control fed a corn-soybean meal diet (sbm group); in tm25 and tm50 groups the 25 and 50% of sbm proteins were substituted by the protein from tm, respectively ... | 2017 | 28472736 |
| black soldier fly as dietary protein source for broiler quails: meat proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profile, oxidative status and sensory traits. | in the perspective of improving the sustainability of meat production, insects have been rapidly emerging as innovative feed ingredient for some livestock species, including poultry. however, at present, there is still limited knowledge regarding the quality and sensory traits of the derived meat. therefore, the present study tested the effect of a partial substitution of soya bean meal and oil with defatted black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) larvae meal (h) in the diet for growing broiler qu ... | 2017 | 28735587 |
| the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens - a promising source for sustainable production of proteins, lipids and bioactive substances. | the growing demand worldwide for proteins and lipids cannot be met by the intensive use of agricultural land currently available. insect mass cultures as a source for proteins and lipids have been in focus for various reasons. an insect with many positive properties is the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens, whose larvae could be used for the sustainable production of proteins and lipids. furthermore, the larvae produce bioactive substances which could potentially be used for human and animal ... | 2017 | 28742526 |
| ability of black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae) larvae to recycle food waste. | accumulation of organic wastes, especially in livestock facilities, can be a potential pollution issue. the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens l. (diptera: stratiomyidae), can consume a wide range of organic material and has the potential to be used in waste management. in addition, the prepupae stage of this insect can be harvested and used as a valuable nutritious feed for animal livestock. five waste types with a wide range of organic source matter were specifically chosen to evaluate the c ... | 0 | 26313195 |
| assessment of vegetable and fruit substrates as potential rearing media for hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae) larvae. | hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae) is able to consume a wide range of organic matter and is of particular interest for waste management. the nutritional value of preimaginal stages, in particular the protein content, makes this species a valid candidate for use as feed for other organisms. vegetables and fruits are promising rearing substrates for insects produced for this purpose according to the eu regulation. in order to examine the effects of diets on insect performance and chem ... | 2017 | 29040452 |
| larval therapy for chronic cutaneous ulcers: historical review and future perspectives. | cutaneous ulcers tend to become chronic and have a profound impact on quality of life. these wounds may become infected and lead to greater morbidity and even mortality. in the past, larvae (ie, maggots) of certain common flies (lucilia sericata and lucilia cuprina) were considered useful in ulcer management because they only remove necrotic tissue while promoting healthy tissue in the wound bed, thus helping wounds heal faster. recently, maggots from several other fly species (calliphora vicina ... | 2017 | 29324424 |
| black soldier fly larva fat inclusion in finisher broiler chicken diet as an alternative fat source. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of partial or total replacement of finisher diet soybean oil with black soldier fly (hermethia illucens l.; hi) larva fat on the growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, intestinal morphology and histological features of broiler chickens. at 21 days of age, a total of 120 male broiler chickens (ross 308) were randomly allocated to three experimental groups (five replicates and eight birds/pen). to a basal control diet (c ... | 2018 | 29343316 |
| dynamic effects of initial ph of substrate on biological growth and metamorphosis of black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae). | edible insects have become a recognized alternative and sustainable source of high-quality proteins and fats for livestock or human consumption. in the production process of black soldier fly (bsf), (hermetia illucens l. [diptera: stratiomyidae]), initial substrate ph is a critical parameter to ensure the best value of insect biomass, life history traits, and quality bio-fertilizer. this study examined the impact of initial ph values on bsf larvae production, development time, and adult longevit ... | 2018 | 29325020 |
| quality of eggs from lohmann brown classic laying hens fed black soldier fly meal as substitute for soya bean. | soya bean is the main protein source in poultry feed but rising prices make an alternative protein source necessary. insects, such as the black soldier fly (hermetia illucens), may be an attractive solution for hens, although little information is available on their effect on egg quality. the present study aims to fill this gap by testing the effect of 100% replacement of soya bean with h. illucens larva meal in the diet of lohmann brown classic laying hens for 21 weeks. at the end of the trial, ... | 2018 | 29307323 |
| evaluation of an insect meal of the black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) as soybean substitute: intestinal morphometry, enzymatic and microbial activity in laying hens. | this research investigated the ileum morphometry and enzymatic activity, the caecal volatile fatty acid production and the apparent nutrient digestibility in laying hens fed a hermetia illucens larvae meal (hilm) as a complete replacement of diet soybean meal (sbm). the hens fed hilm exhibited a lower live weight (p<0.05) and a higher incidence of the full digestive tract (p<0.05) than the sbm group. in the duodenum, the maltase exhibited a higher (p<0.05) activity in the hilm group while the in ... | 2017 | 29304440 |
| impact of black soldier fly larvae meal on the chemical and nutritional characteristics of rainbow trout fillets. | the present research studied the effect of a dietary inclusion with hermetia illucens larvae meal (hi) on rainbow trout's fillets chemical composition. the effect of hi inclusion in diets on rainbow trout chemical characteristics was evaluated. trout were fed three different diets: control (c, no hi inclusion), 25% and 50% of substitution of fish meal with hi (hi25 and hi50, respectively). fillets were analysed to quantify proximate composition, carbohydrates percentage, colour parameters, nucle ... | 2017 | 29282157 |
| insect biorefinery: a green approach for conversion of crop residues into biodiesel and protein. | as a major lignocellulosic biomass, which represented more than half of the world's agricultural phytomass, crop residues have been considered as feedstock for biofuel production. however, large-scale application of this conventional biofuel process has been facing obstacles from cost efficiency, pretreatment procedure, and secondary pollution. to meet the growing demands for food, feed, and energy as the global population continues to grow, certain kinds of insects, many of which are voracious ... | 2017 | 29255487 |
| involvement of phenoloxidase in browning during grinding of tenebrio molitor larvae. | insects are investigated as alternative protein source to meet the increasing demand for proteins in the future. enzymatic browning occurring during grinding of insect and subsequent extraction of proteins can influence the proteins' properties, but it is unclear which enzymes are responsible for this phenomenon. this study was performed on larvae of three commonly used insect species, namely tenebrio molitor, alphitobius diaperinus and hermetia illucens. oxygen consumption measurements on prote ... | 2017 | 29244828 |
| metallothionein in hermetia illucens (linnaeus, 1758) larvae (diptera: stratiomyidae), a potential biomarker for organic waste system. | black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (linnaeus, 1758), is an important economic fly as its larvae can be used for recycling organic waste, such as food waste and manure. h. illucens larvae (bsfl) could uptake cd from substrates and accumulate it inside bodies, which need to be monitored during waste treatment. metallothionein (mt) usually serve as biomarker because of its role in metal homeostasis, detoxification, and dose response of heavy metals. therefore, a mt gene was cloned from h. illucen ... | 2017 | 29209974 |
| insect-based diet, a promising nutritional source, modulates gut microbiota composition and scfas production in laying hens. | insects could be potential nutritional sources both for humans and animals. among these, hermetia illucens, with good amount of chitin and proteins, represents a suitable diet replacement for laying hens. little is known about insect diet effects on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract and bacterial metabolites production. in this study we investigated the effect of h. illucens larvae meal administration on cecal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (scfas) production in laying ... | 2017 | 29176587 |
| photophase duration affects immature black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae) development. | this study tested the effect of photophase duration on black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.; diptera: stratiomyidae), development. successful larval eclosion, development time and adult emergence were measured for individuals exposed to 0 h, 8 h, and 12 h of light, at approximately 27°c and 70% relative humidity. accumulated degree hours (adh) were calculated to correct for differences in temperature across treatments. larvae successfully eclosed in all treatments, with larvae in 12 h light ... | 2017 | 29069348 |
| review of black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) as animal feed and human food. | food futurists accept that sustainability-minded humanity will increasingly incorporate insects as alternative protein. the most studied and easily reared species are not necessarily the most sustainable, acceptable, or delicious. here, we review the literature on the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens, which is capable of efficiently converting a wide variety of organic materials, from food waste to manure, into insect biomass. they can be grown and harvested without dedicated facilities and ... | 2017 | 29057841 |
| susceptibility of wounded and intact black soldier fly hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes. | production costs and limited regional availability are two key factors limiting the widespread adoption of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae) in biological control programs. we explore the potential of using black soldier fly larvae hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae) as an alternative in vivo rearing host to the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). we injured black soldier fly larvae to test the hypothesis ... | 2017 | 28988939 |
| nutritional immunology: diversification and diet-dependent expression of antimicrobial peptides in the black soldier fly hermetia illucens. | the black soldier fly hermetia illucens is used for the bioconversion of organic waste into feed for livestock and aquaculture, and is economically among the most important farmed insects in the world. the larvae can be fed on agricultural waste and even liquid manure, resulting in highly unpredictable pathogen levels and dietary conditions. here we show that h. illucens larvae express a remarkably expanded spectrum of antimicrobial peptides (amps), many of which are induced by feeding on a diet ... | 2018 | 28966127 |
| uptake of heavy metals and arsenic in black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) larvae grown on seaweed-enriched media. | the black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) is one of the most promising insect species for use in animal feed. however, studies investigating feed and food safety aspects of using black soldier fly as feed are scarce. in this study, we fed black soldier fly larvae feeding media enriched with seaweed, which contains naturally high concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential transfer of such undesirable substances from the feeding media to the ... | 2017 | 28960324 |
| antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of insect defensins-dlp2 and dlp4 against multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), are the most frequent cause of sepsis, which urgently demanding new drugs for treating infection. two homologous insect csαβ peptides-dlp2 and dlp4 from hermetia illucens were firstly expressed in pichia pastoris, with the yields of 873.5 and 801.3 mg/l, respectively. dlp2 and dlp4 displayed potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria especially mrsa and had greater potency, faster killing, and a longer postantibiotic effect th ... | 2017 | 28935900 |
| modulation of nutrient composition of black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) larvae by feeding seaweed-enriched media. | black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) larvae are a promising source of protein and lipid for animal feeds. the nutritional composition of the bsf larvae depend partly on the composition of the feeding medium. the bsf lipid profile in part mimics the feeding media lipid profile, and micronutrients, like minerals and vitamins, can readily accumulate in black soldier fly larvae. however, investigative studies on bioconversion and accumulation of nutrients from media to black soldier fly larvae are ... | 2017 | 28837591 |
| dynamic changes of nutrient composition throughout the entire life cycle of black soldier fly. | black soldier fly (bsf) larvae, hermetia illucens l., develops on organic wastes, reducing ecological pollution and converting waste biomass into protein and fat rich insect biomass. bsf can replace increasingly expensive protein sources used in poultry, aquaculture and livestock compound diet formulation, such as fish meal and soybean meal, which holds the potential to alleviate future food and feed insecurity. the fate of nutritional spectra in bsf during its life cycle phases is still poorly ... | 2017 | 28796830 |
| fresh and dry mass estimates of hermetia illucens (linnaeus, 1758) (diptera: stratiomyidae) larvae associated with swine decomposition in urban area of central amazonia. | information on biomass is substantial for calculating growth rates and may be employed in the medicolegal and economic importance of hermetia illucens (linnaeus, 1758). although biomass is essential to understanding many ecological processes, it is not easily measured. biomass may be determined by directly weighing or indirectly through regression models of fresh/dry mass versus body dimensions. in this study, we evaluated the association between morphometry and fresh/dry mass of immature h. ill ... | 2017 | 28776180 |
| a survey of the mycobiota associated with larvae of the black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) reared for feed production. | feed security, feed quality and issues surrounding the safety of raw materials are always of interest to all livestock farmers, feed manufacturers and competent authorities. these concerns are even more important when alternative feed ingredients, new product developments and innovative feeding trends, like insect-meals, are considered. the black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) is considered a good candidate to be used as feed ingredient for aquaculture and other farm animals, mainly as an alter ... | 2017 | 28771577 |
| evaluation of the suitability of a partially defatted black soldier fly (hermetia illucens l.) larvae meal as ingredient for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) diets. | two trials were performed to evaluate a partially defatted hermetia illucens (hi) larvae meal as potential feed ingredient in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) diets. in the first trial, 360 trout (178.9 ± 9.8 g of mean initial body weight) were randomly divided into three experimental groups (4 tanks/treatment, 30 fish/tank). the fish were fed for 78 days with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets containing increasing levels of hi, on as fed basis: 0% (hi0, control diet), ... | 2017 | 28680591 |
| nutritional value of a partially defatted and a highly defatted black soldier fly larvae (hermetia illucens l.) meal for broiler chickens: apparent nutrient digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility. | the study aimed to determine the apparent total tract digestibility coefficients (attdc) of nutrients, the apparent metabolizable energy (ame and amen) and the amino acid (aa) apparent ileal digestibility coefficients (aidc) of a partially defatted (bsfp) and a highly defatted (bsfh) black soldier fly larvae meal. the experimental diets were: a basal diet and two diets prepared by substituting 250 g/kg (w/w) of the basal diet with bsfp or bsfh, respectively. | 2017 | 28603614 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of heat shock protein 70 and 90 from hermetia illucens reared in a food waste bioconversion pilot plant. | two full-length cdnas of heat shock protein (hsp) genes (hihsp70 and hihsp90) were cloned from the black soldier fly (bsf) hermetia illucens larvae reared in a food waste bioconversion pilot plant. the hihsp70 and hihsp90 transcripts were 2243 and 2507bp long, contained 1923 and 2166bp open reading frames encoding proteins of 640 and 721 amino acids with a molecular mass of 69.8 and 83kda, respectively. comparative analysis of protein sequences revealed the presence of the conserved hsp motifs i ... | 2017 | 28600176 |
| aflatoxin b1 tolerance and accumulation in black soldier fly larvae (hermetia illucens) and yellow mealworms (tenebrio molitor). | crops contaminated with fungal mycotoxins such as aflatoxin b1 (afb1) are often downgraded or removed from the food chain. this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance and accumulation of afb1 in two insect species to determine whether they could be used to retain condemned mycotoxin contaminated crops in the food chain. first, instar black soldier fly larvae (hermetia illucens, bsf) and yellow mealworm (tenebrio molitor, ymw) were fed poultry feed spiked with afb1 and formulated to contain levels ... | 2017 | 28574433 |
| the impact of diet protein and carbohydrate on select life-history traits of the black soldier fly hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae). | this study examined the impact of diet protein and carbohydrate percentages as well as moisture on the immature development, survivorship, and resulting adult longevity and egg production of the black soldier fly, hermetiaillucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae). moisture impacted development and corresponding life-history traits more than protein:carbohydrate content; larvae were unable to develop on diets at 40% moisture. larvae fed diets at 70% moisture developed faster, grew larger, and requir ... | 2017 | 28561763 |
| impact of black soldier fly larval meal on growth performance, apparent digestibility, haematological and blood chemistry indices of guinea fowl starter keets under tropical conditions. | in order to assess the impact of larval meal on guinea fowl, six iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were fed to day-old-keets ad libitum till 8 weeks of age. water was also freely provided. the fishmeal (fm) component of the experimental diets was replaced with black soldier fly larval meal (bsflm) in the following percentage ratios of 0-100%. results showed that body weight gain significantly (p < 0.05) increased in all the bsflm treatment groups compared to the control group. the final body ... | 2017 | 28550593 |
| cold hardiness of the black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae). | the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.), shows potential as a resource for animal feed. however, industrial production in regions where the insect is not native, like northwestern europe, could lead to permanent establishment, which might entail environmental risks. in temperate climates, establishment depends on the insect's ability to overwinter. this study assessed the insect's cold hardiness by determining the supercooling point (scp) and lower lethal time at 5 °c (ltime10,50,90) for d ... | 2017 | 28525620 |
| paramagnetics melanin and mn2+ in black soldier fly hermetia illucens. | larva, prepupa (last instar larva), pupa, and an empty shell of pupa after hatching of the black soldier fly hermetia illucens contain eumelanin, an active synthesis of which is observed at the prepupal stage, which is probably due to the release of prepupa from the feed substrate thickness to the open space for pupation. it was shown for the first time that prepupa contains high quantities of the magnetically active form of manganese mn2+. this fact indicates that mn2+ stimulates the copper-con ... | 2017 | 28510134 |
| morphology of the antenna of hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae): an ultrastructural investigation. | the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae), is a relevant species in waste and pest management, but is also of forensic and medical importance. a scanning electron microscopy (sem) investigation of the antennae of both sexes of h. illucens is presented here for the first time. the antenna is composed of three regions: the scape, the pedicel, and the flagellum. the first two regions are single segments, whereas the third region, the longest one, is composed of eight fl ... | 2017 | 28399222 |
| productive performance and blood profiles of laying hens fed hermetia illucens larvae meal as total replacement of soybean meal from 24 to 45 weeks of age. | the aim of the research was to study the effects of an insect meal from hermetia illucens larvae (hilm) as complete replacement of soybean meal (sbm) on productive performance and blood profiles of laying hens, from 24 to 45 wk of age. a total of 108 24-week-old lohmann brown classic laying hens was equally divided into 2 groups (54 hens/group, 9 replicates of 6 hens/group). from 24 to 45 wk of age, the groups were fed 2 different isoproteic and isoenergetic diets: the control group (sbm) was fe ... | 2017 | 28339710 |
| impact of substrate contamination with mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides on the growth performance and composition of black soldier fly larvae (hermetia illucens) for use in the feed and food value chain. | edible insects have emerged as an alternative and sustainable source of high-quality, animal-derived protein and fat for livestock production or direct human nutrition. during the production of insects, substrate quality is a key parameter to assure optimal insect biomass gain as well as the safety of feed and food derived from commercially reared insects. therefore, the influence of a realistic substrate contamination scenario on growth performance and accumulation behaviour of black soldier fl ... | 2017 | 28278126 |
| influences of chromium and cadmium on the development of black soldier fly larvae. | the black soldier fly hermetia illucens is a good candidate for waste management. the harvested insects are rich in protein and have the potential to be used in animal feed. however, people are wary about heavy metals in waste. therefore, it is necessary to understand how the uptake of heavy metals could affect h. illucens and where and to what extent metals are accumulated by the black soldier fly. based on these considerations, developmental parameters were investigated in the different life s ... | 2017 | 28197942 |
| recovery and techno-functionality of flours and proteins from two edible insect species: meal worm (tenebrio molitor) and black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) larvae. | depending on the species, edible insects are highly nutritious and thus represent a noteworthy alternative food and feed source. the current work investigates the protein extractability and techno-functionality of insect flour fractions recovered from tenebrio molitor and hermetia illucens. t. molitor and h. illucens flours contained about 20% crude fat and 60% and 36 % crude protein, respectively. defatting reduced the crude fat content to 2.8% (t. molitor) and 8.8% (h. illucens) and increased ... | 2016 | 28054035 |
| inclusion of hermetia illucens larvae meal on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) feed: effect on sensory profile according to static and dynamic evaluations. | diet implementation with insect meal has aroused increased attention in aquaculture considering the advantages of this new protein source. the effect of hermetia illucens meal (hi) inclusion in diets on rainbow trout physical-chemical and sensory properties was evaluated. three diets were prepared: hi0, hi25, hi50, with 0, 25 and 50% of hi replacing fish meal, respectively. fillet sensory profiles were described by descriptive analysis and temporal dominance of sensation methods. cooking loss, w ... | 2017 | 28000914 |
| uptake of cadmium, lead and arsenic by tenebrio molitor and hermetia illucens from contaminated substrates. | insects have potential as a novel source of protein in feed and food production in europe, provided they can be used safely. to date, limited information is available on the safety of insects, and toxic elements are one of the potential hazards of concern. therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential accumulation of cadmium, lead and arsenic in larvae of two insect species, tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) and hermetia illucens (black soldier fly), which seem to hold potential as a source ... | 2016 | 27846238 |
| photoreceptor spectral sensitivity of the compound eyes of black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) informing the design of led-based illumination to enhance indoor reproduction. | mating in the black soldier fly (bsf) is a visually mediated behaviour that under natural conditions occurs in full sunlight. artificial light conditions promoting mating by bsf were designed based on the spectral characteristics of the compound eye retina. electrophysiological measurements revealed that bsf ommatidia contained uv-, blue- and green-sensitive photoreceptor cells, allowing trichromatic vision. an illumination system for indoor breeding based on uv, blue and green leds was designed ... | 2016 | 27751886 |
| the first report of the physicochemical structure of chitin isolated from hermetia illucens. | this is the first report on the physicochemical properties of chitin obtained from larvae and imagoes of black soldier flies (hermetia illucens). scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in surface morphologies of the two types of chitin. the crystalline index values of chitins from adult flies and larvae were 24.9% and 35%, respectively. this is a trait that differentiates these biopolymers from chitins extracted from other sources described so far. x-ray diffraction patterns and ir sp ... | 2016 | 27422042 |
| characteristics of lipid fractions of larvae of the black soldier fly hermetia illucens. | the lipid fraction of larvae of the black soldier fly hermetia illucens was shown to contain lauric acid (38.43 wt %) and its esters, azelaic and sebacic acids, and azelaic acid dibutyl ester. the dominant compound in the group of identified glycerides was lauric acid monoglyceride (0.70 wt %). glycerides were also represented by triglycerides and diglycerides of lauric acid. sterols were represented primarily by phytosterols (over 75%), the major of which was alpha-sitosterol (45%). the identif ... | 2016 | 27417723 |
| effects of temperature and diet on black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae), development. | the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens, is recognised for its use in a forensic context as a means for estimating the time of colonisation and potentially postmortem interval of decomposing remains. however, little data exist on this species outside of its use in waste management. this study offers a preliminary assessment of the development, and subsequent validation, of h. illucens. larvae of h. illucens were reared at three temperatures (24.9°c, 27.6°c and 32.2°c) at 55% rh on beef loin mus ... | 2016 | 27236368 |
| fate of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in fly larvae composting. | a novel and efficient organic waste management strategy currently gaining great attention is fly larvae composting. high resource recovery efficiency can be achieved in this closed-looped system, but pharmaceuticals and pesticides in waste could potentially accumulate in every loop of the treatment system and spread to the environment. this study evaluated the fate of three pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, roxithromycin, trimethoprim) and two pesticides (azoxystrobin, propiconazole) in a fly larv ... | 2016 | 27177134 |
| identification of a novel alkaline amylopullulanase from a gut metagenome of hermetia illucens. | a novel pullulanase gene, pulss4, was identified from the gut microflora of hermetia illucens by a function-based metagenome screening. the pulss4 gene had an open reading frame of 4455 base pairs, and encoded a mature protein of 1484 amino acids, with a signal peptide sequence of 44 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of pulss4 gene showed 51% identity with that of the amylopullulanase of amphibacillus xylanus, exhibiting no significant sequence homology to already known pullulanases. ... | 2016 | 26526170 |
| feasibility study of biodiesel production using lipids of hermetia illucens larva fed with organic waste. | hermetia illucens larvae by nature are a decomposer which fed on organic wastes. this study explores the potential of producing biodiesel using lipids from h. illucens larvae. three types of organic wastes (sewage sludge, fruit waste and palm decanter cake from oil palm mill) were selected based on considerable generation and disposal concern in the area of study as well as lack of investigations as feed for hermetia illucens larvae in current literatures. growth rate of the larvae was determine ... | 2016 | 25872864 |
| modelling of soldier fly halteres for gyroscopic oscillations. | nature has evolved a beautiful design for small-scale vibratory rate-gyro in the form of dipteran halteres that detect body rotations via coriolis acceleration. in most diptera, including soldier fly, hermetia illucens, halteres are a pair of special organs, located in the space between the thorax and the abdomen. the halteres along with their connecting joint with the fly's body constitute a mechanism that is used for muscle-actuated oscillations of the halteres along the actuation direction. t ... | 2015 | 25572422 |
| the use of fly larvae for organic waste treatment. | the idea of using fly larvae for processing of organic waste was proposed almost 100 years ago. since then, numerous laboratory studies have shown that several fly species are well suited for biodegradation of organic waste, with the house fly (musca domestica l.) and the black soldier fly (hermetia illucens l.) being the most extensively studied insects for this purpose. house fly larvae develop well in manure of animals fed a mixed diet, while black soldier fly larvae accept a greater variety ... | 2015 | 25453313 |
| intra-puparial development of the black soldier-fly, hermetia illucens. | the intra-puparial development of the black soldier-fly, hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae), was studied based on 125 pupae under controlled conditions in laboratory. the 6(th) instar larvae were reared until they stopped feeding, and the prepupae were separated according to the reduction in larval length and degree of pigmentation and sclerotization of the cuticle. the pupal stage lasted eight days (192 hours). the process of pupation (larva/pupa apolysis) occurred in the first six ... | 2014 | 25368039 |
| screening and characterization of a novel cellulase gene from the gut microflora of hermetia illucens using metagenomic library. | a metagenomic fosmid library was constructed using genomic dna isolated from the gut microflora of hermetia illucens, a black soldier fly. a cellulase-positive clone, with the cs10 gene, was identified by extensive congo-red overlay screenings for cellulase activity from the fosmid library of 92,000 clones. the cs10 gene was composed of a 996 bp dna sequence encoding the mature protein of 331 amino acids. the deduced amino acids of cs10 showed 72% sequence identity with the glycosyl hydrolase fa ... | 2014 | 25022521 |
| influence of resources on hermetia illucens (diptera: stratiomyidae) larval development. | arthropod development can be used to determine the time of colonization of human remains to infer a minimum postmortem interval. the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens l. (diptera. stratiomyidae) is native to north america and is unique in that its larvae can consume a wide range of decomposing organic material, including carrion. larvae development was observed on six resources: control poultry feed, liver, manure, kitchen waste, fruits and vegetables, and fish rendering. larvae fed manure we ... | 2013 | 23926790 |
| a survey of bacterial diversity from successive life stages of black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae) by using 16s rdna pyrosequencing. | sustainable methods for managing waste associated with people and animals have been proposed in the past. black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.), larvae represent one of the more promising methods. larvae reduce dry matter, bacteria, offensive odor, and house fly populations. prepupae can be used as feedstuff for livestock. however, it is not known if such a method results in the proliferation of potential pathogens. although some bacterial species have been cultured and identified from black ... | 2013 | 23802462 |
| using black soldier fly larvae for processing organic leachates. | a large number of biodegradable byproducts including alcohols, soluble saccharides, volatile organic acids, and amines accumulate in the liquid fraction (leachate) produced as vegetal and food scrap waste decomposes. untreated leachate, because it is rich in nutrients and organic byproducts, has a high chemical oxygen demand and is normally cleared of soluble organic byproducts by mineralization before its discharge into waterways. mineralizing leachates using chemical and microbial biotechnolog ... | 2012 | 22606806 |
| enhanced ammonia content in compost leachate processed by black soldier fly larvae. | black soldier fly (bsf) larvae (hermetia illucens), feeding on leachate from decaying vegetable and food scrap waste, increase ammonia (nh (4) (+) ) concentration five- to sixfold relative to leachate unprocessed by larvae. nh (4) (+) in larva-processed leachate reached levels as high as ∼100 mm. most of this nh (4) (+) appears to have come from organic nitrogen within the frass produced by the larvae as they fed on leachate. in nitrate-enriched solutions, bsf larvae also facilitate dissimilator ... | 2012 | 22238016 |
| an artificial light source influences mating and oviposition of black soldier flies, hermetia illucens. | current methods for mass-rearing black soldier flies, hermetia illucens (l.) (diptera: stratiomyidae), in the laboratory are dependent on sunlight. quartz-iodine lamps and rare earth lamps were examined as artificial light sources for stimulating h. illucens to mate and lay eggs. sunlight was used as the control. adults in the quartz-iodine lamp treatment had a mating rate of 61% of those in the sunlight control. no mating occurred when the rare earth lamp was used as a substitute. egg hatch for ... | 2010 | 21268697 |
| the intestinal bacterial community in the food waste-reducing larvae of hermetia illucens. | as it is known that food waste can be reduced by the larvae of hermetia illucens (black soldier fly, bsf), the scientific and commercial value of bsf larvae has increased recently. we hypothesised that the ability of catabolic degradation by bsf larvae might be due to intestinal microorganisms. herein, we analysed the bacterial communities in the gut of bsf larvae by pyrosequencing of extracting intestinal metagenomic dna from larvae that had been fed three different diets. the 16s rrna sequenci ... | 2011 | 21267722 |
| development of the black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae) in relation to temperature. | the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens l., was reared on a grain-based diet at 27, 30, and 36 degrees c. survival of 4- to 6-d-old larvae to adults averaged 74-97% at 27 and 30 degrees c but was only 0.1% at 36 degrees c. flies required a mean of approximately 4 d (11%) longer to complete larval and pupal development at 27 degrees c than at 30 degrees c. at 27 and 30 degrees c, females weighed an average of 17-19% more than males but required an average of 0.6-0.8 d (3.0-4.3%) longer to comple ... | 2009 | 19508804 |
| the black soldier-fly, hermetia illucens (diptera, stratiomyidae), used to estimate the postmortem interval in a case in amapá state, brazil. | the black soldier-fly (hermetia illucens) is a generalist detritivore which is commonly present in corpses in later stages of decomposition and may be useful in forensic entomology. this paper describes the estimation of the postmortem interval (pmi) based on the life cycle of the black soldier-fly in a case in northern brazil. a male child was abducted from his home and 42 days later his corpse was found in an advanced stage of decay. two black soldier-fly larvae were found associated with the ... | 2008 | 18366584 |
| proprioceptive encoding of head position in the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.) (stratiomyidae). | because the eyes of insects cannot be moved independently of the head, information about head posture is essential for stabilizing the visual world or providing information about the direction of gaze. we examined the external anatomy and physiological capabilities of a head posture proprioceptor, the prosternal organ (po), located at the base of the neck in the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.) (family: stratiomyidae). the po is sexually isomorphic and is composed of two fused plates of ... | 2006 | 16985207 |
| susceptibility of black soldier fly (diptera: stratiomyidae) larvae and adults to four insecticides. | dosage-mortality regressions were determined for black soldier fly, hermetia illucens (l.), larvae fed cyromazine or pyriproxifen treated media. cyromazine lc50 for larvae dying before becoming prepupae ranged from 0.25 to 0.28 ppm with dosage-mortality regression slopes between 5.79 and 12.04. cyromazine lc50s for larvae dying before emergence ranged from 0.13 to 0.19 ppm with dosage-mortality regression slopes between 3.94 and 7.69. pyriproxifen dosage-mortality regressions were not generated ... | 2002 | 12076006 |