| phenology, natural enemies, and efficacy of horticultural oil for control of chionaspis heterophyllae (homoptera: diaspididae) on christmas tree plantations. | pine needle scale, chionaspis pinifoliae (fitch), and chionaspis heterophyllae cooley are important pests of scots pine, pinus sylvestris l., and other conifers in much of north america. on christmas tree plantations, these insects are typically controlled by spraying broad-spectrum insecticides when the vulnerable immature stages are present. however, effective control of bivoltine populations can be difficult to achieve due to asynchronous hatch and development of the second generation. our ob ... | 2005 | 16334330 |
| corroborating molecular species discovery: four new pine-feeding species of chionaspis (hemiptera, diaspididae). | the genus chionaspis (hemiptera, diaspididae) includes two north american species of armored scale insects feeding on pinaceae: chionaspis heterophyllae cooley, and chionaspis pinifoliae (fitch). despite the economic impact of conifer-feeding chionaspis on horticulture, the species diversity in this group has only recently been systematically investigated using samples from across the group's geographic and host range. this paper provides morphological recognition characters for four new species ... | 2013 | 23717184 |
| armored scale insect endosymbiont diversity at the species level: genealogical patterns of uzinura diasipipdicola in the chionaspis pinifoliae-chionaspis heterophyllae species complex (hemiptera: coccoidea: diaspididae). | armored scale insects and their primary bacterial endosymbionts show nearly identical patterns of co-diversification when viewed at the family level, though the persistence of these patterns at the species level has not been explored in this group. therefore we investigated genealogical patterns of co-diversification near the species level between the primary endosymbiont uzinura diaspidicola and its hosts in the chionaspis pinifoliae-chionaspis heterophyllae species complex. to do this we gener ... | 2015 | 25424737 |