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a toxic metabolite of nigrospora oryzae (berk and br.) petch.nigrospora oryzae was isolated from dallisgrass (paspalum dilatatum poir.) collected in auburn and from hay shipped under refrigeration to florida. some of these samples were eaten by cattle and horses that subsequently developed lameness. metabolites of n. oryzae were separated by thin layer chromatography and tested for toxicity. only one metabolite was toxic. metabolite a showed toxicity to brine shrimp with an ld50 = 500 micrograms/ml in 8 h. it also had an antibiotic effect on bacillus mega ...19863095644
endophytic fungi isolated from oil-seed crop jatropha curcas produces oil and exhibit antifungal activity.jatropha curcas l., a perennial plant grown in tropics and subtropics is popularly known for its potential as biofuel. the plant is reported to survive under varying environmental conditions having tolerance to stress and an ability to manage pest and diseases. the plant was explored for its endophytic fungi for use in crop protection. endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf of jatropha curcas, collected from new delhi, india. four isolates were identified as colletotrichum truncatum, and other ...201323409154
antagonistic activity of fungi of olea europaea l. against colletotrichum acutatum.fungi naturally present in olive trees were identified and tested for their antagonistic potential against colletotrichum acutatum. a total of 14 isolates were identified, 12 belonged to genera alternaria, epicoccum, fusarium, aspergillus, anthrinium, chaetomium, diaporthe, nigrospora, one to family xylariaceae and one was unclassified. all fungal isolates showed some inhibitory action over the growth of c. acutatum during dual culture growth, however, when agar-diffusible tests were performed o ...201626805623
nigrosporins a and b, new phytotoxic and antibacterial metabolites produced by a fungus nigrospora oryzae.nigrosporin a and b, two new phytotoxic and antibacterial metabolites were isolated from a culture filtrate of nigrospora oryzae. the active principles were absorbed on xad-2 resin and purified by successive ods-hplc. the structures were identified by spectroscopic and derivatization analysis as naphthoquinone derivatives. the substances showed phytotoxic activities, such as root elongation inhibition, necrotic effects, oxygen evolution inhibition, starch synthesis inhibition, and co2 fixation i ...199727396737
synthesis and in vitro antifungal efficacy of oleoyl-chitosan nanoparticles against plant pathogenic fungi.an antifungal dispersion system was prepared by oleoyl-chitosan (o-chitosan) nanoparticles, and the antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic fungi was investigated. under scanning electron microscopy, the nanoparticles formulation appeared to be uniform with almost spherical shape. the particle size of nanoparticles was around 296.962 nm. transmission electron microscopy observation showed that nanoparticles could be well distributed in potato dextrose agar medium. mycelium growth ex ...201626434526
[diversity and community structure of endophytic fungi from taxus chinensis var. mairei].a total of 628 endophytic fungi were isolated from 480 tissue segments of needles and branches of taxus chinensis var. mairei. according to morphological characteristics and its sequences, they represented 43 taxa in 28 genera, of which 10 hyphomycetes, 20 coelomycetes, 12 ascomycetes and 1 unknown fungus. phomopsis mali was confirmed as the dominant species. in accordance with relative frequency, alternaria alternata, aureobasidium pullulans, colletotrichum boninense, c. gloeosporioides, epicoc ...201425345060
descriptions of deladenus albizicus n. sp. and d. processus n. sp. (nematoda: hexatylina) from haryana, india.two different nematodes were isolated from the bark of albizia lebbeck trees; one from insect infested and another from noninfested, healthy tree. based on the biological, morphological, and molecular evidences, the nematodes are described as deladenus albizicus n. sp. and d. processus n. sp. (nematoda: hexatylina). deladenus albizicus n. sp., isolated from insect-infested tree, multiplied on the fungus nigrospora oryzae. myceliophagous females of this nematode reproduced by parthenogenesis and ...201525861116
fungal endophytic communities on twigs of fast and slow growing scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in northern spain.most plant species harbour a diverse community of endophytic, but their role is still unknown in most cases, including ecologically and economically important tree species. this study describes the culturable fungal endophytic community of pinus sylvestris l. twigs in northern spain and its relationship with diametric growth of the host. in all, 360 twig samples were collected from 30 scots pines in fifteen stands. isolates were obtained from all twig samples and 43 fungal taxa were identified b ...201526399183
mycobiota variation in stored rice straw and its cellulolytic profile.rice straw (rs) one of most important agrowaste worldwide. variation in mycobiota inhabiting long stored rs and its cellulolytic profile were studied. the highest number of fungi (23 species) was recovered from 1st storage period (1-3 year). alternaria alternata, aspergillus sp., cladosporium herbarum, fusarium incarnatum, geotrichum candidum, penicillium sp., stemphylium lycopersici and ulocladium atrum are the most frequent genera. among 21 fungal species recovered in the 2nd period (3-5 year) ...201426031023
fungal endophytic communities associated to the phyllosphere of grapevine cultivars under different types of management.fungal endophytes present in different asymptomatic grapevine plants (vitis vinifera l.) located in different vineyards within alentejo, a highly important viticulture region in portugal, were identified in this study. sampled grapevine plants included the three most representative cultivars in the region, syrah, cabernet sauvignon, and aragonez, growing under two different modes of management, conventional and biological. sixteen fungal taxa were identified through sequencing of the internal tr ...201627890088
effect of feeding corn inoculated with nigrospora oryzae and cladosporium on the performance of growing swine and rats. 19715169342
fungal communities in herbaceous medicinal plants from the malnad region, southern india.fungal communities were isolated from surface sterilized leaf segments of nine ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal herbs collected from the bhadra river project area, the malnad region, southern india. a total of 2159 isolates belonging to 55 different fungal species were isolated from 3600 leaf segments collected during the wet and dry seasons. chaetomium globosum (7.3%), aureobasidium pullulans (6.1%), cladosporium cladosporioides (3.9%), curvularia lunata (1.9%), nigrospora oryzae (1.7% ...200821558683
impairment in nutritive value of corn grain damaged by nigrospora oryzae. 194720258842
the inhibitory effect of the various seed coating substances against rice seed borne fungi and their shelf-life during storage.presently, chemical seed treatments are in discussion due to their directly or indirectly impacts on human health or other living organisms. they may also negatively affect the ecosystem and the food chain. in rice seeds, chemicals may cause phytotoxic effects including seed degradation. eugenol is the main component of clove (eugenia caryophillis) oil, which was proved to act simultaneously as bactericide, virocide and especially fungicide. the in vitro study was aimed to compare the inhibitory ...200919899320
antimicrobial activity of pyrrocidines from acremonium zeae against endophytes and pathogens of maize.acremonium zeae produces pyrrocidines a and b, which are polyketide-amino acid-derived antibiotics, and is recognized as a seedborne protective endophyte of maize which augments host defenses against microbial pathogens causing seedling blights and stalk rots. pyrrocidine a displayed significant in vitro activity against aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides in assays performed using conidia as inoculum, with pyrrocidine a being more active than b. in equivalent assays performed with c ...200919055442
suppression of nigrospora oryzae (berk. & broome) petch by an aggressive mycoparasite and competitor, penicillium oxalicum currie & thom.the objective of this research was to study by means of different techniques, the interaction between penicillium oxalicum and nigrospora oryzae under different temperatures (15 and 25 degrees c), water activities (0.95, 0.98, and 0.995) and culture media (rice and rice extract agar). in dual culture, p. oxalicum was dominant over n. oryzae in spite of presenting in the majority of cases, lower growth rates. the microscopic study revealed that p. oxalicum is a powerful mycoparasite, which attack ...200818177964
mycoflora and natural occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisin b1 in cassava and yam chips from benin, west africa.the presence of fungi, aflatoxins and fumonisin b1 in cassava and yam chips (during 28 processing and storage) were evaluated during two consecutive seasons in two agroecological zones of benin (northern guinea savannah, ngs and sudan savannah, ss). the benin samples were assessed for moisture content, fungal infestation and total aflatoxin and fumonisin b1 contamination. during the two seasons, samples collected from the ngs, had moisture contents ranging from 10.0 to 14.7% in cassava chips and ...200818160162
host-synthesized secondary compounds influence the in vitro interactions between fungal endophytes of maize.maize produces a suite of allelopathic secondary metabolites, the benzoxazinoids. 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and 2,4-dihydroxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one reside as glucosides in plant tissue and spontaneously degrade to 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (mboa) and 2-benzoxazolinone (boa) upon plant cell disruption. several maize-associated fungi in the genus fusarium can metabolize mboa and boa. boa tolerance levels in 10 species of fusarium and in the maize endophytes nigrospora ory ...200817993551
degradation of hop bitter acids by fungi.nine fungal strains related to: trametes versicolor, nigrospora oryzae, inonotus radiatus, crumenulopsis sororia, coryneum betulinum, cryptosporiopsis radicicola, fusarium equiseti, rhodotorula glutinis and candida parapsilosis were tested for their ability to degrade humulones and lupulones. the best results were obtained for t. versicolor culture, in which humulones and lupulones were fully degraded after 4days of incubation in the dark or after 36h in the light. the experiments were performed ...200817845845
cross-reactivity of non-aspergillus fungal species in the aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay.the aspergillus galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (eia) has been demonstrated to facilitate rapid and sensitive detection of invasive aspergillosis. however, test specificity has not been fully evaluated in non-aspergillus fungal species. of 53 fungal isolates, cross-reactivity was observed with 5 non-aspergillus spp.: blastomyces dermatitidis, nigrospora oryzae, paecilomyces lilacinus, penicillium chrysogenum, and trichothecium roseum.200717662550
biotin deficiency in nigrospora oryzae. 19744857994
fungal endophytes from the three-leaved caper, crataeva magna (lour.) dc. (capparidaceae).fungal endophytes were isolated from crataeva magna, a medicinal plant growing along the streams and rivers, constituting riparian vegetation in karnataka, southern india. fresh bark and twig pieces were used for the isolation using standard methods. ninety-six endophytic fungal isolates were isolated from 800 bark and twig segments. mitosporic fungi represented as a major group (85%) followed by zygomycetes (10%) and ascomycetes (5%). bark samples contained more endophytes than twig samples. ve ...200515770450
the normal mycoflora of commodities from thailand. 1. nuts and oilseeds.a comprehensive study was carried out of the fungi occurring in commodities normally traded in thailand. samples of major commodities were obtained from farmers' stocks and middlemen in major producing areas throughout the country. retail samples were obtained from outlets in and around bankok. samples were divided into two portions, one being examined in bangkok, and the second in sydney. after surface disinfection, fungi were enumerated by direct plating on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenico ...19938110599
oryzamides a-e, cyclodepsipeptides from the sponge-derived fungus nigrospora oryzae pf18.three new cyclohexadepsipeptides, oryzamides a-c (1-3), two isolation artifacts, oryzamides d (4) and e (5), and the known congener scopularide a (6), all possessing a rare 3-hydroxy-4-methyldecanoic acid (hmda) substructure, were isolated from the mycelial extract of the sponge-derived fungus nigrospora oryzae pf18. their planar structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature data. the absolute configurations were determined using the advanced marfey's me ...201627489998
endophytic fungus nigrospora oryzae from a medicinal plant coccinia grandis, a high yielding new source of phenazine-1-carboxamide.nigrospora oryzae was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the leaves of coccinia grandis, a popular medicinal plant used to control diabetes. fermentation of the fungus in potato dextrose broth and chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate extracts of the broth and mycelium yielded two phenazine secondary metabolites, which were identified as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (1) and phenazine-1-carboxamide (2) by comparing their spectral data with those reported in the literature. compound ...201526669097
molecular identification of a novel victorivirus from the phytopathogenic fungus nigrospora oryzae.nigrospora oryzae is a worldwide phytopathogenic fungus that can infect many plant host species. in this study, complete sequence of a novel mycovirus from n. oryzae was reported. the viral genome is 5100 base pairs in length and possesses two overlapping open reading frames (orfs). the two orfs potentially encode proteins that showed significant similarity to the capsid protein and rna-dependent rna polymerase, in the family totiviridae, respectively. phylogenetic tree showed that this novel my ...201626757943
a novel nonsegmented double-stranded rna mycovirus identified in the phytopathogenic fungus nigrospora oryzae shows similarity to partitivirus-like viruses.nigrospora oryzae is a pathogen that can infect plants of various species. here, we report the isolation of a novel mycovirus from n. oryzae infecting rice, as well as the complete genome sequence and genomic organization of this virus, which we have named "nigrospora oryzae nonsegmented rna virus 1" (nonrv1). the genome of nonrv1 contained two non-overlapping open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) potentially encoding a protein with an unknown function in orf1 and a putative rna-dependent rna poly ...201626497181
metabolites from combretum dolichopetalum and its associated endophytic fungus nigrospora oryzae--evidence for a metabolic partnership.a new altersolanol derivative, 4-dehydroxyaltersolanol a (9), along with two known sesquiterpenoids, (s)-7'-hydroxyabscisic acid (7) and (s)-abscisic acid (8) were obtained from the endophytic fungus, nigrospora oryzae, isolated from leaves of combretum dolichopetalum. the host plant yielded six known compounds including ellagic acid (1), 3, 3', 4-tri-o-methylellagic acid (2), arjunolic acid (3), 4'-dihydrophaseic acid (4), echinulin (5) and arestrictin b (6). close structural similarities with ...201526136060
a five-year survey of dematiaceous fungi in a tropical hospital reveals potential opportunistic species.dematiaceous fungi (black fungi) are a heterogeneous group of fungi present in diverse environments worldwide. many species in this group are known to cause allergic reactions and potentially fatal diseases in humans and animals, especially in tropical and subtropical climates. this study represents the first survey of dematiaceous fungi in malaysia and provides observations on their diversity as well as in vitro response to antifungal drugs. seventy-five strains isolated from various clinical s ...201425098697
recovery and phylogenetic diversity of culturable fungi associated with marine sponges clathrina luteoculcitella and holoxea sp. in the south china sea.sponge-associated fungi represent an important source of marine natural products, but little is known about the fungal diversity and the relationship of sponge-fungal association, especially no research on the fungal diversity in the south china sea sponge has been reported. in this study, a total of 111 cultivable fungi strains were isolated from two south china sea sponges clathrina luteoculcitella and holoxea sp. using eight different media. thirty-two independent representatives were selecte ...201021088979
a novel fusarivirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus nigrospora oryzae.in this study, we report the discovery and molecular characterization of a novel mycovirus, nigrospora oryzae fusarivirus 1 (nofv1) isolated from the rice-infecting fungus nigrospora oryzae. excluding a poly (a) tail, the genome of the virus is 7004 nucleotide (nt) long containing three putative nonoverlapping open reading frames (orf1, orf2, and orf3). the large orf1 encodes a polypeptide with a conserved rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) domain and a helicase domain that functions for rna re ...201627417260
antidiabetic activity of extract and compounds from an endophytic fungus nigrospora oryzae.the fungal extract as well as the 3 biosynthetic compounds, (s)-(+)-2-cis-4-trans-abscisic acid (1), , 7'-hydroxy-abscisic acid (2) and 4-des-hydroxyl altersolanol a (3) from the endophytic fungus, nigrospora oryzae, isolated from combretum dolichopetalum leaf were investigated for their antidiabetic potential.the antidiabetic activity was determined in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by monitoring their fasting blood sugar for 9 h.the extract and the compounds (1-3) significantly (p<0.001) reduce ...201728118672
anthelmintic efficacy of gold nanoparticles derived from a phytopathogenic fungus, nigrospora oryzae.exploring a green chemistry approach, this study brings to the fore, the anthelmintic efficacy of gold nanoparticles, highlighting the plausible usage of myconanotechnology. gold nanoparticles of ∼6 to ∼18 nm diameter were synthesized by treating the mycelia-free culture filtrate of the phytopathogenic fungus with gold chloride. their size and morphology were confirmed by uv-vis spectroscopy, dls data, afm and tem images. the xrd studies reveal a crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, which ar ...201424465424
microbial transformations of halolactones with p-menthane system.biologically active piperitone-derived racemic iodo-, bromo- and chlorolactones (1-3) were transformed with the use of microbial enzymatic systems. four strains of filamentous fungi absidia glauca am254, absidia cylindrospora am336, mortierella vinaceae am149 and nigrospora oryzae am8 transformed halolactones (1-3) to four new halohydroxylactones (4-7). in all biotransformations the hydroxy group was incorporated in inactivated methine carbon atom at isopropyl substituent. in n. oryzae am8 cultu ...201525027724
[endophytic fungi in rose (rosa hybrida) in bogota, colombia].we have investigated the presence of endophytic fungi associated with rose plants (rosa hybrida) in colombia. endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves of ten ornamental roses plants from gardens cultured in malt extract, peptone, yeast extract agar plates (mpy). we sampled 560 leaves fragments, 56 per sample. endophytic fungi comprised 92 isolates (16.4%); of these isolates, 41 were classified as sterile mycelium (without reproductive structures that allowed their identification), 31 i ...200516107167
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