| geographic variation of freeze-tolerance in the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. | freeze-tolerance and some of the underlying biochemical defence mechanisms in the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra was investigated. survival after slow cooling to -2 degrees c, -4 degrees c, or -6 degrees c was analysed in d. octaedra from three geographic regions representing large differences in winter temperature (denmark, finland and greenland). a large variation in freeze-tolerance between the three populations of d. octaedra was found. earthworms from the northern populations (finland and g ... | 2002 | 12444468 |
| stress synergy between environmentally realistic levels of copper and frost in the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. | in their natural habitat, animals are exposed to a variety of stress factors, including extreme temperatures, low water availability, and toxic stress from chemical pollutants. in this study we examined the interaction between realistic environmental levels of soil-copper contamination and realistic winter temperatures on survival of the cosmopolitan freeze-tolerant earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. these interactions were tested using a full factorial design with six copper concentrations between ... | 2005 | 16117123 |
| progress in assisted natural remediation of an arsenic contaminated agricultural soil. | a contaminated soil was collected in a field adjacent to a derelict as((iii)) smelter in reppel (bocholt, belgium). a single soil treatment (% by soil weight) based on either iron grit (ss, 1%), beringite (b, 5%), or iron grit (1%) + beringite (5%) (bss) was applied. untreated and treated reppel soils and a control soil were placed in lysimeters inside a greenhouse and cropped annually. the efficiency of soil treatments in decreasing as and metals in exposure sources and restoring soil functions ... | 2006 | 16522348 |
| freeze tolerance in aporrectodea caliginosa and other earthworms from finland. | earthworms that live in subarctic and cold temperate areas must deal with frost even though winter temperatures in the soil are often more moderate than air temperatures. most lumbricid earthworms can survive temperatures down to the melting point of their body fluids but only few species are freeze tolerant, i.e. tolerate internal ice formation. in the present study, earthworms from finland were tested for freeze tolerance, and the glycogen reserves and glucose mobilization (as a cryoprotectant ... | 2007 | 17618617 |
| determining factors for cryoprotectant accumulation in the freeze-tolerant earthworm, dendrobaena octaedra. | the freeze-tolerant earthworm dendrobaena octaedra is found in most of the european forest and tundra, siberia, north america and greenland where it over-winters in the top soil and encounters winter frost. in response to freezing this earthworm rapidly synthesises glucose which acts as a cryoprotectant. frost tolerance varies extensively between geographical populations, and of the populations studied so far, the finnish worms are most and the danish worms least frost tolerant. little is known ... | 2007 | 17694532 |
| genetic structure of invasive earthworms dendrobaena octaedra in the boreal forest of alberta: insights into introduction mechanisms. | population genetic studies can help to determine whether invasive species are established via single vs. multiple introduction events and also to distinguish among various colonization scenarios. we used this approach to investigate the introduction of dendrobaena octaedra, a non-native earthworm species, to the boreal forest of northern alberta. the spread of non-native earthworms in forested systems is not well understood, although bait abandonment and vehicular transport are believed to be im ... | 2008 | 18179429 |
| synergistic interaction between 4-nonylphenol and high but not low temperatures in dendrobaena octaedra. | studies on joint effects of toxic compounds and temperature have clearly shown that single stressor tests often underestimate the critical limits of the stressor evaluated. in the present study, the joint effects of nonylphenol (np) and high (25-35 degrees c) or low (1.4 to -6.4 degrees c) temperatures in dendrobaena octaedra were elucidated. the effects of these combined stresses were analyzed in a multiplicative model using an independent action model as a reference, and there was a strongly s ... | 2009 | 18455234 |
| slow desiccation improves dehydration tolerance and accumulation of compatible osmolytes in earthworm cocoons (dendrobaena octaedra savigny). | the earthworm, dendrobaena octaedra, is a common species in temperate and subarctic regions of the northern hemisphere. the egg capsules ('cocoons') of d. octaedra are deposited in the upper soil layers where they may be exposed to desiccation. many previous studies on desiccation tolerance in soil invertebrates have examined acute exposure to harsh desiccating conditions, however, these animals are often more likely to be exposed to a gradually increasing drought stress. in the present study we ... | 2008 | 18515720 |
| surviving the cold: molecular analyses of insect cryoprotective dehydration in the arctic springtail megaphorura arctica (tullberg). | insects provide tractable models for enhancing our understanding of the physiological and cellular processes that enable survival at extreme low temperatures. they possess three main strategies to survive the cold: freeze tolerance, freeze avoidance or cryoprotective dehydration, of which the latter method is exploited by our model species, the arctic springtail megaphorura arctica, formerly onychiurus arcticus (tullberg 1876). the physiological mechanisms underlying cryoprotective dehydration h ... | 2009 | 19622137 |
| a review of metal (pb and zn) sensitive and ph tolerant bioassay organisms for risk screening of metal-contaminated acidic soils. | to improve risk estimates at the screening stage of ecological risk assessment (era), short duration bioassays tailored to undisturbed soil cores from the contaminated site could be useful. however, existing standardized bioassays use disturbed soil samples and often ph sensitive organisms. this is a problem as naturally acidic soils are widespread. changing soil properties to suit the test organism may change metal bioavailability, leading to erroneous risk estimates. for bioassays in undisturb ... | 2013 | 23688951 |
| variation in gene expression within clones of the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. | gene expression is highly plastic, which can help organisms to both acclimate and adapt to changing environments. possible variation in gene expression among individuals with the same genotype (among clones) is not widely considered, even though it could impact the results of studies that focus on gene expression phenotypes, for example studies using clonal lines. we examined the extent of within and between clone variation in gene expression in the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra, which reproduc ... | 2017 | 28384196 |
| arthropod and oligochaete assemblages from grasslands of the southern kenai peninsula, alaska. | by the end of this century, the potential climate-biome of the southern kenai peninsula is forecasted to change from transitional boreal forest to prairie and grasslands, a scenario that may already be playing out in the caribou hills region. here, spruce (picea × lutzii little [glauca × sitchensis]) forests were heavily thinned by an outbreak of the spruce bark beetle (dendroctonus rufipennis (kirby, 1837)) and replaced by the native but invasive grass species, calamagrostis canadensis (michx.) ... | 2017 | 28325976 |
| freezing of body fluids induces metallothionein gene expression in earthworms (dendrobaena octaedra). | the molecular mechanisms activated by environmental contaminants and natural stressors such as freezing need to be investigated in order to better understand the mechanisms of interaction and potential effects that combined stressors may have on organisms. using the freeze-tolerant earthworm dendrobaena octaedra as model species, we exposed worms to freezing and exposure to sublethal copper in a factorial design and investigated the transcription of candidate genes for metal and cold stress. we ... | 2016 | 26325206 |
| metallothionein gene expression differs in earthworm populations with different exposure history. | metals are persistent pollutants in soils that can harm soil organisms and decrease species diversity. animals can cope with metal contamination with the help of metallothioneins, small metal-binding proteins involved in homeostasis and detoxification of metals. we studied the expression of metallothionein with qpcr in a small, epigeic earthworm, dendrobaena octaedra. we compared expression patterns and metal body content in earthworms collected from two sites with different metal contamination ... | 2014 | 25179588 |
| effects of formalin on some biomarker activities of earthworms pre-exposed to temephos. | despite its negative effects, formalin has been often used for the expulsion of earthworms due to its high efficiency; however it is not known whether it will affect any significant measurable molecular processes in sampled earthworms. the aim of this research was to investigate effects of formalin on the activities of chosen molecular biomarkers in eisenia andrei earthworms previously exposed to temephos. additionally, the inhibitory effect of temephos, hitherto evaluated only on laboratory-bre ... | 2013 | 23298666 |
| variation in metallothionein gene expression is associated with adaptation to copper in the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. | evolution of resistance to heavy metals has been reported for several populations of soil living organisms occurring at metal contaminated sites. such genetically based and heritable resistance contribute to the persistence of populations in contaminated areas. here we report on molecular responses to experimental copper in populations of the earthworm, dendrobaena octaedra, originating from copper contaminated soil near gusum (sweden) where heavy metal pollution has been present for several dec ... | 2013 | 23237849 |
| no costs on freeze tolerance in genetically copper adapted earthworm populations (dendrobaena octaedra). | for nearly three centuries the area around gusum, in south-east sweden, has been highly polluted with copper. an earlier study in this area showed that populations of the freeze-tolerant earthworm dendrobaena octaedra were genetically adapted to copper. apparently, no life-history costs to reproduction or growth were imposed by this adaptation. in the present paper we therefore investigated how laboratory raised f1-generations of these populations coped when exposed to increased copper concentra ... | 2011 | 21651991 |
| genetic adaptation of earthworms to copper pollution: is adaptation associated with fitness costs in dendrobaena octaedra? | exposure to copper pollution affects reproduction, growth and survival of earthworms. it is known that earthworms can cope with high copper burdens, but the distinction between physiological acclimation and evolutionary heritable changes and associated fitness consequences of the adaption to long-term copper exposure has rarely been studied. to investigate adaptation of earthworm populations of dendrobaena octaedra to copper contamination, three populations from polluted soil were studied and co ... | 2011 | 21336825 |
| extrapolating toxic effects on individuals to the population level: the role of dynamic energy budgets. | the interest of environmental management is in the long-term health of populations and ecosystems. however, toxicity is usually assessed in short-term experiments with individuals. modelling based on dynamic energy budget (deb) theory aids the extraction of mechanistic information from the data, which in turn supports educated extrapolation to the population level. to illustrate the use of deb models in this extrapolation, we analyse a dataset for life cycle toxicity of copper in the earthworm d ... | 2010 | 20921051 |
| body metal concentrations and glycogen reserves in earthworms (dendrobaena octaedra) from contaminated and uncontaminated forest soil. | stress originating from toxicants such as heavy metals can induce compensatory changes in the energy metabolism of organisms due to increased energy expenses associated with detoxification and excretion processes. these energy expenses may be reflected in the available energy reserves such as glycogen. in a field study the earthworm, dendrobaena octaedra, was collected from polluted areas, and from unpolluted reference areas. if present in the environment, cadmium, lead and copper accumulated to ... | 2011 | 20870326 |
| high mitochondrial dna sequence diversity in the parthenogenetic earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. | apomictic parthenogens are clonal organisms with limited genetic opportunity for increasing diversity beyond mutation. however, such species can be successful and have been shown to harbor more genetic diversity than might be expected. here we surveyed diversity of the cytochrome oxidase subunit i gene from the mitochondrial genome of the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra, an apomictic parthenogen. diversity estimates made previously from allozyme markers for this species were high, but could have ... | 2010 | 20372182 |
| changes in membrane phospholipids as a mechanistic explanation for decreased freeze tolerance in earthworms exposed to sublethal copper concentrations. | at low temperature, cell membrane functionality depends on adjustments of membrane phospholipid fatty acid (plfa) composition. we here test the hypothesis that previous exposure to copper (cu) may deteriorate tolerance to freezing temperatures because of cu-induced changes of plfa composition of cell membranes in the freeze-tolerant earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. cu levels and freezing temperatures were varied in a full factorial design. we measured plfa composition and lipid peroxidation. a hi ... | 2009 | 19708387 |
| impacts of heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides on freeze tolerance of the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. | previous studies have shown that the interactions between chemicals and climatic stressors can lead to synergistically increased mortality. in the present study, we investigated the effect of seven common environmental contaminants on survival at -6 and 15°c as well as on reproduction at 15°c in the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. three classes of chemicals were considered: heavy metals (nickel, lead, and mercury), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene and phenanthrene), and pesticides (abame ... | 2009 | 19499970 |
| dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism. | ectothermic animals inhabiting the subarctic and temperate regions have evolved strategies to deal with periods of continuous frost during winter. the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra is freeze tolerant and accumulates large concentrations of glucose upon freezing. the present study investigates the roles of glucose accumulation for long-term freeze tolerance in worms kept frozen at -2 degrees c for 47 days. during this period, worms were sampled periodically for determination of survival and for ... | 2009 | 19252003 |
| seasonal changes in lipid composition and glycogen storage associated with freeze-tolerance of the earthworm, dendrobaena octaedra. | the earthworm, dendrobaena octaedra, is a common species in the uppermost soil and humus layers of coniferous forests and tundra in temperate and subarctic regions. the species is freeze-tolerant and may survive several months in a frozen state. upon freezing, glycogen reserves are rapidly converted to glucose serving as a cryoprotectant and fuel for metabolism. in the present study we investigated the induction of freeze-tolerance under field conditions, and sought to find relationships between ... | 2009 | 19169691 |
| effects on litter-dwelling earthworms and microbial decomposition of soil-applied imidacloprid for control of wood-boring insects. | imidacloprid is an effective, systemic insecticide for the control of wood-boring insect pests in trees. systemic applications to trees are often made by soil injections or drenches, and the resulting imidacloprid concentrations in soil or litter may pose a risk of harm to natural decomposer organisms. the authors tested effects of imidacloprid on survival and weight gain or loss of the earthworms eisenia fetida (savigny) and dendrobaena octaedra (savigny), on leaf consumption rates and cocoon p ... | 2008 | 18069649 |
| exotic earthworm effects on hardwood forest floor, nutrient availability and native plants: a mesocosm study. | a greenhouse mesocosm experiment, representing earthworm-free north american acer-dominated forest floor and soil conditions, was used to examine the individual and combined effects of initial invasion by three european earthworm species (dendrobaena octaedra, lumbricus rubellus and lumbricus terrestris) on the forest floor and upper soil horizons, n and p availability, and the mortality and biomass of four native understory plant species (acer saccharum, aquilegia canadensis, aralia racemosa, a ... | 2008 | 18066602 |
| extending a combined dynamic energy budget matrix population model with a bayesian approach to assess variation in the intrinsic rate of population increase. an example in the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. | matrix models can be used to extrapolate effects of environmental toxicants on life history parameters to the population level. in applications of these models, life history parameters are usually treated as independent factors; however, they are actually strongly linked to each other. to interpret the effect of toxicants on life history parameters considering their interrelatedness the dynamic energy budget (deb) theory can be applied. this theory is based on closed energy and mass balances and ... | 2007 | 17941747 |
| small dendrobaena earthworms survive freezing better than large worms. | dendrobaena octaedra is a freeze tolerant earthworm widely distributed in boreal regions. specimens collected in sweden were cold acclimated and then frozen at -7 degrees c to examine the influence of body mass on survival of freezing. results showed that survival was negatively correlated to body mass. glycogen content of the worms was variable and seemed to decrease with increasing body mass consistent with the hypothesis that freeze survival is dependent on the ability to rapidly break down g ... | 2007 | 17397817 |
| cold acclimation and lipid composition in the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. | we have investigated the lipid chemistry during cold acclimation in the freeze tolerant earthworm dendrobaena octaedra. the dominant phospholipid fatty acids (plfa) of d. octaedra were 20:4, 20:5 and 20:1 (50% of total plfa) followed by 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2omega6,9 (25% of total plfa). the ability to tolerate freezing in this species was acquired after acclimation at low temperature for 2-4 weeks. during this period one particular membrane plfa, 18:2omega6,9, increased significantly and there was ... | 2007 | 17383915 |
| aploparaksis kornyushini n. sp. (cestoda: hymenolepididae), a parasite of the woodcock scolopax rusticola (l.), and its life-cycle. | aploparaksis kornyushini n. sp. is described from a woodcock scolopax rusticola l. from lithuania, russia (tver' region) and the ukraine. initially, one specimen of this tapeworm was described and figured by kornyushin (1975) as a. scolopacis yamaguti, 1935 together with another specimens belonging to the latter species. a. kornyushini n. sp. and a. scolopacis are morphologically very similar species. they can be distinguished by the slightly different length of the rostellar hooks and by the sh ... | 2006 | 16699927 |
| impact of age of immature dendrobaena octaedra (sav.), (lumbricidae: oligochaeta) at cadmium application on life history response. | | 2006 | 16652272 |
| avoidance of cu- and zn-contaminated soil by three ecologically different earthworm species. | earthworm avoidance response to soils contaminated with harmful substances has been proposed as a potential tool for assessing soil toxicity with low test effort. in the present study, the objective was to find out whether three ecologically different earthworm species, aporrectodea tuberculata (eisen), lumbricus rubellus (hoffmeister), and dendrobaena octaedra (savigny), avoid soils simultaneously spiked with cu and zn. in addition, metal-contaminated field soil taken close to a cu-ni smelter w ... | 2005 | 15978289 |
| aploparaksis demshini n. sp. (cestoda: hymenolepididae), a parasite of the woodcock scolopax rusticola linnaeus, and its life-cycle. | aploparaksis demshini n. sp. is described from a woodcock scolopax rusticola l. from different parts of the palaearctic (lithuania, karelia, the urals, primorskiy kray). it differs from the most similar species a. belopolskajae bondarenko, 1988, a parasite of snipes gallinago spp., in the form and length of the rostellar hooks and the smaller cirrus, and from two other similar species, a. clavata spasskaya, 1966 and a. schilleri webster, 1955, by having an embryophore with polar thickenings and ... | 2005 | 15928992 |
| the mechanism of cold hardiness of egg cocoons of the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra (sav.) (lumbricidae: oligochaeta). | | 2016 | 15587794 |
| the influence of nonylphenol on life-history of the earthworm dendrobaena octaedra savigny: linking effects from the individual- to the population-level. | we conducted a study to look at the effects of nonylphenol (np) on the life-history of the parthenogenetic earthworm, dendrobaena octaedra. during a 196-day study, we observed that the growth rate of juveniles and the percentage of worms producing cocoons were the only traits significantly affected by np, while the total number of cocoons produced was marginally affected. despite some fairly large changes in the average values of individual life-history traits caused by np, the effects were diff ... | 2004 | 15157569 |
| multivariate metabolic profiling using 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of freeze-tolerant and freeze-intolerant earthworms exposed to frost. | individuals of the freeze-tolerant earthworm, dendrobaena octaedra, and four freeze-intolerant earthworm species (dendrodrilus rubidus, aporrectodea icterica, a. caliginosa, and a. longa) were frozen at -2 degree c. control earthworms were exposed to +2 degree c. 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling in combination with multivariate pattern recognition methods (metabonomics) was used to produce a cross-species comparison. several biochemical changes were detected a ... | 2013 | 14671686 |
| safety testing of tebufenozide, a new molt-inducing insecticide, for effects on nontarget forest soil invertebrates. | tebufenozide, a new molt-inducing insecticide that mimics the action of ecdysone, is being considered for use to control defoliating lepidoptera in forests in canada. soil microcosms, employing substrates and species from the ecosystems in which spraying is likely to occur, were used to evaluate the effects of this compound on soil invertebrates. the forest earthworm (dendrobaena octaedra savigny) and four species of collembola (folsomia candida willem, f. nivalis (packard), onychiurus parvicorn ... | 1996 | 8744924 |
| comparison of forest soil microcosm and acute toxicity studies for determining effects of fenitrothion on earthworms. | the effects of the organophosphate pesticide fenitrothion on eisenia fetida savigny and dendrobaena octaedra savigny were studied using the oecd acute toxicity test and microcosms containing forest organic matter. in the acute toxicity study, both species were relatively susceptible to fenitrothion, although d. octaedra (lc50 = 393.9 ml/cm2) was approximately eight times more sensitive than e. fetida (lc50 = 54.1 ml/cm2). e. fetida was unable to utilize oak/maple litter for growth, and attempts ... | 1995 | 7539366 |
| fine structure of the peripheral sensory cells in the earthworm dendrobaena octaëdra. i. the solitary sensory cell. | | 1971 | 4333841 |
| fine structure of the peripheral sensory cells in the earthworm dendrobaena octaëdra. ii. the epidermal sensory organs. | | 1971 | 4112782 |