| prebiotic effects of agave salmiana fructans in lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium lactis cultures. | agave salmiana is a fructan rich species that is widely distributed in mexico. the aim of this investigation was to extract the fructans of a. salmiana and evaluate their prebiotic effect in 48 hours in vitro cultures of bifidobacterium lactis and lactobacillus acidophilus and to compare this effect with other available fructan sources. a significant difference in ph, optical density and biomass was found in the cultures depending on the source of fructans and the type of bacteria. it was possib ... | 2015 | 26749843 |
| characterization of volatile compounds of mezcal, an ethnic alcoholic beverage obtained from agave salmiana. | commercial mezcals (white, white with worm, rested, rested with worm, and aged) produced from agave salmiana were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (spme-gc-ms). thirty-seven compounds were identified, and nine of them were classified as major compounds of mezcal (mcm). saturated alcohols, ethyl acetate, ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, and acetic acid form the mcm group. minor compounds of mezcal group include other alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, large chain ... | 2006 | 16478257 |
| quantitative characterization of nonstructural carbohydrates of mezcal agave (agave salmiana otto ex salm-dick). | fructans are the reserve carbohydrates in agave spp. plants. in mezcal factories, fructans undergoes thermal hydrolysis to release fructose and glucose, which are the basis to produce this spirit. carbohydrate content determines the yield of the final product, which depends on plant organ, ripeness stage, and thermal hydrolysis. thus, a qualitative and quantitative characterization of nonstructural carbohydrates was conducted in raw and hydrolyzed juices extracted from agave salmiana stems and l ... | 2008 | 18558710 |
| effects of substrate water potential in root growth of agave salmiana otto ex salm-dyck seedlings. | the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that root of maguey (agave salmiana otto ex salm-dyck) seedlings reacts during the first 24 h to low substrate water potential (psiw), by anatomical modifications. three-4 cm root length seedlings were planted in vermiculite for 24 h at psiw between -0.03 and -2.35 mpa. root dimensions, proline content and anatomy were evaluated. substrate psiw between -0.65 and -2.35 mpa did not significantly affect longitudinal root growth. however, prolin ... | 2009 | 19746270 |
| kinetic study of the thermal hydrolysis of agave salmiana for mezcal production. | the kinetics of the thermal hydrolysis of the fructans of agave salmiana were determined during the cooking step of mezcal production in a pilot autoclave. thermal hydrolysis was achieved at different temperatures and cooking times, ranging from 96 to 116 °c and from 20 to 80 h. a simple kinetic model of the depolymerization of fructans to monomers and other reducing sugars and of the degradation of reducing sugars to furans [principally 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, hmf] was developed. from this m ... | 2011 | 21604807 |
| study of enzymatic hydrolysis of fructans from agave salmiana characterization and kinetic assessment. | fructans were extracted from agave salmiana juice, characterized and subjected to hydrolysis process using a commercial inulinase preparation acting freely. to compare the performance of the enzymatic preparation, a batch of experiments were also conducted with chicory inulin (reference). hydrolysis was performed for 6 h at two temperatures (50, 60 °c) and two substrate concentrations (40, 60 mg/ml). hydrolysis process was monitored by measuring the sugars released and residual substrate by hplc ... | 2012 | 22629216 |
| photosynthetic acclimation to drought stress in agave salmiana otto ex salm-dyck seedlings is largely dependent on thermal dissipation and enhanced electron flux to photosystem i. | agave salmiana otto ex salm-dyck, a crassulacean acid metabolism plant that is adapted to water-limited environments, has great potential for bioenergy production. however, drought stress decreases the requirement for light energy, and if the amount of incident light exceeds energy consumption, the photosynthetic apparatus can be injured, thereby limiting plant growth. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of drought and re-watering on the photosynthetic efficiency of a. salmia ... | 2014 | 24798124 |
| micropropagation of agave salmiana: means to production of antioxidant and bioactive principles. | maguey, agave salmiana, is an important plant for the "pulque" beverage and functional food industries; however, it has several constraints for elite and homogeneous plant production. in this study, a micropropagation process was established to generate in vitro plants. the effect of the method on metabolite content and antioxidant (aox) activity in regenerated plants was evaluated. young germinated plantlets were micropropagated from axillary shoots using murashige and skoog medium supplemented ... | 2015 | 26635850 |
| fast centrifugal partition chromatography fractionation of concentrated agave (agave salmiana) sap to obtain saponins with apoptotic effect on colon cancer cells. | separation of potentially bioactive components from foods and plant extracts is one of the main challenges for their study. centrifugal partition chromatography has been a successful technique for the screening and identification of molecules with bioactive potential, such as steroidal saponins. agave is a source of steroidal saponins with anticancer potential, though the activity of these compounds in concentrated agave sap has not been yet explored. in this study, fast centrifugal partition ch ... | 2016 | 26701355 |
| effect of prebiotics of agave salmiana fed to healthy wistar rats. | inulin and other fructans are synthesized and stored in mezcal agave (agave salmiana). fructans provide several health benefits and have excellent technological properties, but only few data report their physiological effect when added in the diet. | 2017 | 27097820 |
| aguamiel concentrate from agave salmiana and its extracted saponins attenuated obesity and hepatic steatosis and increased akkermansia muciniphila in c57bl6 mice. | obesity and its comorbidities are a severe public health problem worldwide. the use of bioactive compounds found in some foods has been demonstrated to ameliorate the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. the purpose of this study was to assess whether the bioactive compounds present in aguamiel concentrate (ac) from agave salmiana could attenuate glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high fat (hf) diet. hplc-elsd analysis showed that ac contained several saponins. t ... | 2016 | 27678062 |
| characterization of five typical agave plants used to produce mezcal through their simple lipid composition analysis by gas chromatography. | five agave plants typically used in mexico for making mezcal in places included in the denomination of origin (mexican federal law that establishes the territory within which mezcal can be produced) of this spirit were analyzed: agave salmiana ssp. crassispina, a. salmiana var. salmiana, agave angustifolia, agave cupreata, and agave karwinskii. fatty acid and total simple lipid profiles of the mature heads of each plant were determined by means of a modified bligh-dyer extraction and gas chromat ... | 2009 | 19216532 |
| effect of agave americana and agave salmiana ripeness on saponin content from aguamiel (agave sap). | steroidal saponins have shown beneficial health effects. agave spp. leaves and rhizomes are sources of these compounds, but their presence has not been reported in the aguamiel. aguamiel is the sweet edible sap from mature agave, and its quality is influenced by the plant ripening stage. the purpose of this research was to identify and quantitate saponins in aguamiel from agave americana and agave salmiana at two ripening stages. saponins and sapogenins were identified with hplc/esi-ms/tof and q ... | 2015 | 25811101 |
| probiotic properties of leuconostoc mesenteroides isolated from aguamiel of agave salmiana. | four lactic acid bacteria, leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, were isolated from aguamiel the sap obtained from agave salmiana from méxico and identified by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the probiotic potential of these strains was evaluated and compared with a commercial probiotic (lactobacillus plantarum 299v) from human origin. all the strains survived the in vitro gastrointestinal simulation conditions: the stomach simulation (3 h, ph 2, 37 °c) and the intestinal simulation ( ... | 2015 | 25690572 |
| in vitro assessment of agave fructans (agave salmiana) as prebiotics and immune system activators. | the prebiotic effect of agave fructans (agave salmiana) was evaluated through the growth of two lactic acid bacterial (lab) strains (lactobacillus casei and bifidobacterium lactis). the immune system was activated through the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of healthy subjects testing fructans, lab or a mixture of these compounds at different concentrations. immune responses, such as early cell activation (cd69), cell cycle progression, nitric oxide (no) production and t ... | 2014 | 24211431 |
| Agave salmiana Plant Communities in Central Mexico as Affected by Commercial Use. | Agave salmiana is a native plant species harvested for the commercial production of mezcal (Agave spirits) in the highlands of central Mexico. The objective of this study was to identify vegetation changes in natural communities where A. salmiana has been differentially harvested for commercial purposes. Three plant community categories were identified in the state of Zacatecas based on their history of A. salmiana utilization: short (less than 10 years of use), moderate (about 25 years), and lo ... | 2011 | 21983998 |
| yeast communities associated with artisanal mezcal fermentations from agave salmiana. | the aims of this work were to characterize the fermentation process of mezcal from san luis potosi, m+®xico and identify the yeasts present in the fermentation using molecular culture-dependent methods (rflp of the 5.8s-its and sequencing of the d1/d2 domain) and also by using a culture-independent method (dgge). the alcoholic fermentations of two separate musts obtained from agave salmiana were analyzed. sugar, ethanol and major volatile compounds concentrations were higher in the first ferment ... | 2011 | 21681584 |
| recycling of ash from mezcal industry: a renewable source of lime. | agave bagasse is a byproduct generated in the mezcal industry. normally it is burned to reduce its volume, then a byproduct is generated in the form of residual ash, which can contaminate the water in rivers and lakes near the production places called "mezcaleras". this report details measurements of the agave salmiana fiber transformation after the burning process. the wasted ash was heated at 950°c, and then hydrolyzed. the compounds were indentified using the x-ray diffraction. the images obt ... | 2010 | 20851456 |
| identification of yeast and bacteria involved in the mezcal fermentation of agave salmiana. | aims: to identify the yeast and bacteria present in the mezcal fermentation from agave salmiana. methods and results: the restriction and sequence analysis of the amplified region, between 18s and 28s rdna and 16s rdna genes, were used for the identification of yeast and bacteria, respectively. eleven different micro-organisms were identified in the mezcal fermentation. three of them were the following yeast: clavispora lusitaniae, pichia fermentans and kluyveromyces marxianus. the bacteria foun ... | 2008 | 18489025 |
| heterologous expression of fusarium oxysporum tomatinase in saccharomyces cerevisiae increases its resistance to saponins and improves ethanol production during the fermentation of agave tequilana weber var. azul and agave salmiana must. | this paper describes the effect of the heterologous expression of tomatinase from fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the gene fotom1 under the control of the s. cerevisiae phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk1) promoter was cloned into pyes2. s. cerevisiae strain y45 was transformed with this vector and ura3 transformant strains were selected for resistance to alpha-tomatine. two transformants were randomly selected for further study (designated y45-1 and y45-2). control s ... | 2008 | 17896184 |
| content of nutrient and antinutrient in edible flowers of wild plants in mexico. | nutrient and antinutritional/toxic factors present in some edible flowers consumed in mexico were determined. the edible flowers were: agave salmiana, aloe vera, arbutus xalapensis, cucurbita pepo (cultivated), erythrina americana, erythrina caribaea, euphorbia radians benth and yucca filifera. the nutrient content in the flowers studied is similar to that of the edible leaves and flowers studied mainly in africa. the moisture content of the flowers varied from 860 to 932 g kg(-1). crude protein ... | 2007 | 17768684 |